發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-23 13:56

【摘要】：批評(píng)性話語分析（critical discourse analysis），亦稱批評(píng)語言學(xué)（criticallinguistics），作為話語分析學(xué)科的一個(gè)分支，是20世紀(jì)70年代末80年代初由以Roger Fowler和Gunther Kress等為代表的西方語言學(xué)家創(chuàng)建和發(fā)展起來的。批評(píng)性話語分析關(guān)注的是語言與社會(huì)的關(guān)系。批評(píng)語言學(xué)家認(rèn)為，語言，，尤其是語言使用應(yīng)該成為一種社會(huì)實(shí)踐。語言與社會(huì)密不可分；語言不僅反映客觀的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，還反映了隱藏在現(xiàn)實(shí)中的權(quán)力和意識(shí)形態(tài)。 雖然批評(píng)性話語分析以所有非文學(xué)語篇為研究對(duì)象，但是迄今為止新聞?wù)Z篇是它最主要的分析對(duì)象。像其它任何語篇一樣，新聞?wù)Z篇也是通過語言來表述世界的。新聞報(bào)道是一種社會(huì)實(shí)踐，而新聞?wù)Z篇正是這種實(shí)踐的產(chǎn)物。它包含和反映著生成者的立場(chǎng)和觀點(diǎn)，因而不可能不偏不倚地反映客觀事實(shí)，而是參與對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的社會(huì)構(gòu)建。批評(píng)性話語分析的目的就是通過分析語篇的語言特點(diǎn)及其生成的社會(huì)歷史背景來考察語言結(jié)構(gòu)背后的意識(shí)形態(tài)意義，進(jìn)而揭示語言、權(quán)力和意識(shí)形態(tài)之間的復(fù)雜關(guān)系。 批評(píng)性話語分析最重要的理論基礎(chǔ)和最主要的方法論來源是韓禮德的系統(tǒng)功能語法。韓禮德認(rèn)為語言有三大純理功能，即概念功能、人際功能和語篇功能，而其中的概念功能便是批評(píng)性話語分析所采用的主要分析工具。本論文的研究即是運(yùn)用概念功能中的及物性系統(tǒng)對(duì)所選語篇進(jìn)行批評(píng)分析。及物性系統(tǒng)的作用是把經(jīng)驗(yàn)世界分成易操作的一組過程，過程主要有六種：物質(zhì)過程、心理過程、關(guān)系過程、言語過程、行為過程和存在過程。選擇哪種過程，取決于說話者的交際意圖以及他/她對(duì)事件的理解和看法。因此，最終被選擇的過程具有重要的文化、政治或意識(shí)形態(tài)意義。 目前，國內(nèi)對(duì)于新聞?wù)Z篇的批評(píng)性話語分析大多集中在意識(shí)形態(tài)較為明顯的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)類新聞?wù)Z篇，能夠同時(shí)對(duì)極端天氣和恐怖襲擊進(jìn)行及物性分析的語篇研究極為少見。本文以系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)理論為基礎(chǔ)，借助韓禮德的及物性理論，在批評(píng)性話語分析的框架下，對(duì)所收集的最新語料開展研究，以期揭示新聞?wù)Z篇潛藏的意識(shí)形態(tài)。 通過對(duì)不同國家的媒體針對(duì)同一新聞事件所產(chǎn)生的新聞?wù)Z篇進(jìn)行批評(píng)性話語分析，獲得如下研究結(jié)果:（1）及物性理論是批評(píng)性話語分析的一種有效工具，它不僅可以用來分析文學(xué)作品，還可以用來分析新聞?wù)Z篇；（2）意識(shí)形態(tài)廣泛存在于新聞?wù)Z篇之中，而且及物性過程選擇的差異能夠體現(xiàn)出不同的意識(shí)形態(tài)，新聞?wù)Z篇中經(jīng)常體現(xiàn)較大差異的過程是物質(zhì)過程、言語過程和關(guān)系過程；（3）在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化背景下，語言體現(xiàn)了不同政治集團(tuán)和利益機(jī)體的權(quán)力和意識(shí)形態(tài)。而新聞?wù)Z篇作為社會(huì)實(shí)踐正是服務(wù)于這種權(quán)力和意識(shí)形態(tài)關(guān)系的。
[Abstract]:Critical discourse Analysis (critical discourse analysis), also known as critical Linguistics (criticallinguistics), as a branch of discourse analysis, was founded and developed by western linguists, such as Roger Fowler and Gunther Kress, in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Critical discourse analysis focuses on the relationship between language and society. Critical linguists believe that language, especially its use, should become a social practice. Language is inseparable from society, and language not only reflects the objective social reality, but also reflects the power and ideology hidden in reality. Although CDA focuses on all non-literary discourses, so far news discourse is the most important one. Like any other text, news discourse expresses the world through language. News reporting is a kind of social practice, and news discourse is the product of this practice. It contains and reflects the position and viewpoint of the producer, so it is impossible to reflect the objective facts impartially, but to participate in the social construction of reality. The purpose of critical discourse analysis (CDA) is to examine the ideological meaning behind the language structure by analyzing the linguistic characteristics of the discourse and its social and historical background, and to reveal the complex relationship among language, power and ideology. The most important theoretical basis and methodology of critical discourse analysis is Halliday's systemic functional grammar. Halliday holds that language has three main functions, namely conceptual function, interpersonal function and textual function, among which the conceptual function is the main analytical tool used in critical discourse analysis. In this thesis, we use conceptual function and transitivity system to analyze the selected texts. The function of the transitivity system is to divide the experiential world into a group of processes which are easy to operate. There are six kinds of processes: material process, psychological process, relational process, speech process, behavioral process and existential process. The choice of process depends on the speaker's communicative intention and his / her understanding and perception of the event. Therefore, the process of eventual selection has important cultural, political, or ideological implications. At present, most of the critical discourse analysis of news discourse focuses on the political and economic news discourses with obvious ideology, and it is rare to study the extreme weather and terrorist attacks at the same time. Based on the theory of systemic functional linguistics and with the help of Halliday's and transitivity theory, this paper studies the latest data collected under the framework of critical discourse analysis in order to reveal the hidden ideology of news discourse. Through critical discourse analysis of news discourses produced by different media in different countries, the following results are obtained: (1) the theory of transitivity is an effective tool for CDA. It can be used not only to analyze literary works, but also to analyze news discourses. (2) ideology exists widely in news discourses, and the differences in the choice of transitivity processes can reflect different ideologies. In news discourses, the different processes are material process, speech process and relational process; (3) under the background of politics, economy and culture in modern society, language embodies the power and ideology of different political groups and benefit organism. News discourse, as a social practice, serves the relationship between power and ideology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：煙臺(tái)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：H315

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本文編號(hào)：2413847