【摘要】：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),由于城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的制度安排,而附加身份限定的城鄉(xiāng)迥異相互隔離的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度,不僅導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)居民在養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)方面的差距越來(lái)越大,而且有悖于深化改革發(fā)展的要求和我國(guó)公民應(yīng)等享有基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的憲法精神。隨著城鎮(zhèn)化、工業(yè)化加速推進(jìn)所引發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,我國(guó)農(nóng)村地區(qū)原有的家庭養(yǎng)老、土地養(yǎng)老為主的保障方式弱化趨勢(shì)已不可逆轉(zhuǎn),農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題已成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題,呈現(xiàn)出迫切的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求。進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)后,在中央提出統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的背景下,圍繞實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務(wù)均等化的目標(biāo),我國(guó)農(nóng)村基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的建立開(kāi)始起步,隨著2009年“新農(nóng)�！钡脑圏c(diǎn),一直以來(lái)被排斥在正規(guī)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度之外的農(nóng)村居民被正式納入到了社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度內(nèi)。但是不僅我國(guó)農(nóng)村居民的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)仍處于非常低的水平,而且我國(guó)整體養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度仍存在“碎片化”的多軌制問(wèn)題,現(xiàn)行農(nóng)村居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)本身的制度缺陷、較低的待遇水平以及與城鎮(zhèn)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度之間的巨大差異,凸顯的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度城鄉(xiāng)二元雙規(guī)制的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)內(nèi)在的要求推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度并軌。為此2014年中央做出了將新農(nóng)保與城居保進(jìn)行并軌建立全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的重大決定,對(duì)于打破城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)二元差異和在養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度上體現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)居民的公平性方面無(wú)疑具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。但是,我們也必須清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)到,當(dāng)前的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度并軌,僅僅是我國(guó)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度城鄉(xiāng)一體化進(jìn)程的起點(diǎn),仍然是低水平、低層次的并軌。社會(huì)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度作為國(guó)家面向全體國(guó)民制定和實(shí)施的具有普惠性性質(zhì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)福利性質(zhì)的一種制度安排,其天然的要求在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)等各個(gè)方面公民具有平等權(quán)利,要不因任何職業(yè)、區(qū)域、性別、收入等而有所區(qū)別或差異,而世界各國(guó)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度發(fā)展的普遍規(guī)律也表明實(shí)現(xiàn)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)全國(guó)范圍的統(tǒng)一是必然趨勢(shì),因此,推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度并軌由低水平向高水平、由低層次向高層次邁進(jìn)不僅具有強(qiáng)烈的內(nèi)在需求,而且也是基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度天然公平性的基本要求。就我國(guó)當(dāng)前的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況而言,推進(jìn)我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度向高水平并軌邁進(jìn)仍然面臨著一系列的問(wèn)題和調(diào)整需要破解,仍然需要進(jìn)行深度的理論與政策研究。因此,在我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度正在發(fā)生深刻變化的當(dāng)下,基于我國(guó)農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)在統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展背景下呈現(xiàn)的系列新情況、新特點(diǎn),立足我國(guó)老齡化急劇發(fā)展的基本態(tài)勢(shì),從破解我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度并軌的障礙入手,以“城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度并軌研究”作為研究命題,從破解城鄉(xiāng)“二元”結(jié)構(gòu)和推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展角度來(lái)創(chuàng)新推動(dòng)我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)并軌,對(duì)于豐富與發(fā)展具有中國(guó)特色的統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展理論和農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)理論無(wú)疑具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文研究的重點(diǎn)主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面：首先,重點(diǎn)運(yùn)用社會(huì)公平理論、公共產(chǎn)品理論和制度變遷理論分析我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度并軌的必然性。其次,全面描述了我國(guó)現(xiàn)行農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)即“新農(nóng)保”制度的實(shí)施概況、成效、缺陷和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等,并以四川為例對(duì)“新農(nóng)�！钡谋Ｕ纤竭M(jìn)行了科學(xué)測(cè)算,進(jìn)而對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度之間的差異進(jìn)行了深度分析。同時(shí),以四川富順縣為例,在問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)當(dāng)前農(nóng)村居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的需求進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析。再次,在介紹國(guó)外基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度運(yùn)作模式的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)了國(guó)外養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度對(duì)推進(jìn)我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度并軌的經(jīng)驗(yàn)啟示。然后,對(duì)當(dāng)前我國(guó)正在推進(jìn)的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度并軌所面臨的碎片化制度特征、不公平待遇保障、弱持續(xù)性社保資金、非系統(tǒng)性統(tǒng)籌管理、滯后化養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)立法等障礙和難題進(jìn)行了重點(diǎn)剖析。最后,從統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)改革發(fā)展的角度,圍繞橫向制度并軌、縱向全國(guó)統(tǒng)籌、基金補(bǔ)充制度創(chuàng)新等,創(chuàng)新性的提出我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度并軌的路徑選擇,進(jìn)而在形成本文研究基本結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)上提出了相關(guān)的配套政策建議�？傮w上看,本文重點(diǎn)從城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)快速變化的視角來(lái)審視城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度現(xiàn)狀與并軌的調(diào)整,同時(shí)從統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)改革發(fā)展中資源要素配置的角度出發(fā)來(lái)提出并軌的創(chuàng)新性路徑,在研究視角和研究方法上具有一定的創(chuàng)新性。
[Abstract]:For a long time, due to the institutional arrangement of dual economic and social structure between urban and rural areas, and the different and isolated endowment insurance system between urban and rural areas with additional status restrictions, the gap between urban and rural residents in endowment insurance has become wider and wider, and it is contrary to the requirement of deepening reform and development and the constitution that Chinese citizens should enjoy basic endowment insurance. With the change of economic and social structure caused by urbanization and the acceleration of industrialization, the weakening trend of the old-age security based on land in rural areas is irreversible. The old-age security in rural areas has become a realistic social problem and presents an urgent practical demand. Under the background of balancing urban and rural development strategy and centering on the goal of equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas, the establishment of basic old-age insurance in rural areas in China has begun. With the trial of "new rural insurance" in 2009, rural residents who have been excluded from the formal old-age insurance system have been formally incorporated into the social old-age insurance system. But not only is the endowment insurance for rural residents still at a very low level in China, but there is still a problem of "fragmentation" in the overall endowment insurance system in China. The system defects of the basic endowment insurance for rural residents, the low level of treatment and the huge differences between the urban endowment insurance system and the rural endowment insurance system are highlighted. The potential risk inherent in the dual regulation of urban and rural endowment insurance system promotes the integration of urban and rural residents'basic endowment insurance system. Therefore, in 2014, the central government made a major decision to establish a unified national basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents by combining new rural insurance with urban residential insurance, which will break the dual difference between urban and rural endowment insurance. It is undoubtedly of great practical significance to embody the fairness of urban and rural residents in the endowment insurance system. However, we must also be soberly aware that the merger of the basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents is only the starting point of the process of urban-rural integration of the basic endowment insurance system in China, and is still a low-level, low-level merger. Social basic endowment insurance system is a kind of institutional arrangement with the nature of universal benefit and economic welfare, which is formulated and implemented by the state for all citizens. Naturally, it requires citizens to have equal rights in politics, economy, society and other aspects. It should not be different or different because of any occupation, region, sex, income and so on. The general law of the development of endowment insurance system in various countries also shows that it is an inevitable trend to realize the unification of endowment insurance nationwide. Therefore, it is not only a strong internal demand, but also a natural trend to promote the integration of basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents from low level to high level and from low level to high level. The basic requirement of fairness. As far as the current situation is concerned, there are still a series of problems and adjustment needs to be solved to advance the basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents to a high level. Therefore, the basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents in China is developing. At the present time of profound changes, based on a series of new situations and new characteristics of China's rural social endowment insurance under the background of balancing urban and rural development, and based on the basic situation of rapid development of China's aging, this paper begins with breaking down the obstacles to the integration of China's urban and rural basic endowment insurance system, and studies the integration of urban and rural basic endowment insurance system. As a research proposition, it is undoubtedly of great theoretical and practical significance for enriching and developing the theory of balancing urban and rural development with Chinese characteristics and the theory of rural social endowment insurance to innovatively promote the integration of urban and rural residents'basic endowment insurance from the perspective of breaking the "dual" structure of urban and rural areas and promoting the integration of urban and rural areas. The main points of this paper are as follows: Firstly, the paper analyzes the inevitability of the merger of the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents in China by using social equity theory, public goods theory and institutional change theory. Secondly, it describes the general situation and effectiveness of the implementation of the current rural social old-age insurance system, namely the new rural social insurance system. Taking Sichuan as an example, this paper scientifically calculates the guarantee level of the "new rural insurance" and makes a deep analysis of the differences between the basic old-age insurance system of urban and rural residents. Thirdly, on the basis of introducing the operation mode of foreign basic endowment insurance system, this paper summarizes the experience and Enlightenment of foreign endowment insurance system on promoting the integration of basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents in China. Finally, from the perspective of balancing urban and rural reform and development, around the horizontal system integration, vertical national overall planning, fund supplementary system innovation, and so on, innovative proposals for the basic urban and rural residents in China are put forward. On the basis of forming the basic conclusions of this study, this paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions. Generally speaking, this paper focuses on examining the status quo of the basic pension insurance system for urban and rural residents and its adjustment from the perspective of rapid changes in urban and rural structure. At the same time, it also makes a comprehensive plan for urban and rural reform and development of Chinese capital. From the point of view of source factor allocation, this paper puts forward the innovative path of merging, which is innovative in the research perspective and research methods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F842.67

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3 李大洪;養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的法律途徑[N];遼寧日?qǐng)?bào);2007年

4 王更;全市養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)擴(kuò)面工作成效顯著[N];石家莊日?qǐng)?bào);2007年

5 高麗;以人為本是做好養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的根基[N];延安日?qǐng)?bào);2007年

6 通訊員 宗國(guó)邋潘涓;我市建立企業(yè)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)征繳聯(lián)席會(huì)議制度[N];菏澤日?qǐng)?bào);2008年

7 張志芳;我市養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)擴(kuò)面工作提前實(shí)現(xiàn)“過(guò)半”目標(biāo)[N];張家界日?qǐng)?bào);2008年

8 記者 張春昌;全市村干部養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)工作會(huì)議召開(kāi)[N];天水日?qǐng)?bào);2008年

9 記者 馮雪玉 通訊員 喬鳳春 王艷麗;巴林左旗 1.72萬(wàn)名在職職工享受養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)[N];內(nèi)蒙古日?qǐng)?bào)(漢);2009年

10 記者 張俊德;我市村干部養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋[N];張掖日?qǐng)?bào);2009年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 孟慶平;養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)化改革：國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)與中國(guó)政策選擇[D];山東大學(xué);2008年

2 段家喜;養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度中的政府行為研究[D];首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué);2005年

3 馬云超;交易費(fèi)用視角下的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)流動(dòng)性損失研究[D];西北大學(xué);2015年

4 胡勁松;社會(huì)保障基本公共服務(wù)均等化研究[D];華中師范大學(xué);2015年

5 戚曉明;新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)需求研究[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

6 王愛(ài)華;基于領(lǐng)取系數(shù)的農(nóng)民工養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)城鄉(xiāng)轉(zhuǎn)續(xù)路徑研究[D];遼寧大學(xué);2015年

7 龍騰鑫;城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度并軌研究[D];四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

8 張松;中國(guó)人口老齡化背景下的養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2009年

9 張璐琴;我國(guó)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度與勞資分配比例的協(xié)調(diào)[D];暨南大學(xué);2009年

10 劉蕾;城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)均等化研究[D];山東大學(xué);2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 靳曉葉;上海養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度變遷及經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析（1978-2005）[D];上海師范大學(xué);2008年

2 王倩;養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)影響勞動(dòng)者工作流動(dòng)的研究[D];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué);2007年

3 劉勇;法文化視野中的中德養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度比較研究[D];山西大學(xué);2007年

4 崔燕;中日養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的法社會(huì)學(xué)解讀[D];山西大學(xué);2008年

5 姚艮華;我國(guó)社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)均等化研究[D];浙江財(cái)經(jīng)學(xué)院;2008年

6 楊洋;養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度的財(cái)務(wù)可持續(xù)研究[D];上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院;2009年

7 王媛;我國(guó)農(nóng)民參加農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)影響因素分析[D];山東大學(xué);2009年

8 王學(xué)麗;我國(guó)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金的籌集研究[D];山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2009年

9 崔婕;關(guān)于統(tǒng)籌我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2011年

10 顏志生;農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)適度水平研究[D];暨南大學(xué);2011年

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