本文選題：新記《大公報》 + 國民政府��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：新記《大公報》在中國近代報刊史上占有特殊的歷史地位,報紙從續(xù)刊之始就以政論著稱�？箲�(zhàn)前后,張季鸞、吳鼎昌、胡政之組成的“三駕馬車”更是將《大公報》的輿論引導(dǎo)作用推到高峰。時逢歷史動蕩,中國近代報刊有著自身經(jīng)營的無奈以及艱難時期的掙扎,報人也有著自身前途的考慮和民族情感的寄托。報紙在戰(zhàn)爭、權(quán)力、利益交織的環(huán)境下的生存需求和報人的主觀意識不可避免的影響著報紙的每一步前進。抗日戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,新記《大公報》以文章報國這一新聞思想為出發(fā)點,公開發(fā)表社評表示擁護蔣介石政府作為中國的“政治中心”,并通過報紙的宣傳與輿論引導(dǎo)來增進其自身權(quán)威,督促其成為真正意義上的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,從而實現(xiàn)國家的民主獨立、救民族于水火。新記《大公報》樹立這一歷史使命主要由于當時的中國社會急需一個強有力的政治權(quán)威來保障和推動國家統(tǒng)一、民族獨立。出于各種原因,蔣介石領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的國民政府是當時新記《大公報》做出的唯一選擇。經(jīng)濟力量是國民政府進行政治斗爭與抗日的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。這一時期,新記《大公報》在報紙定位、言論方向上皆根據(jù)時局的變動做出調(diào)整,將發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、增強國家實力作為解救民族的出路,在宣傳上極力配合國民政府的經(jīng)濟政策,期望經(jīng)濟整頓能夠帶動國統(tǒng)區(qū)經(jīng)濟的振作,以經(jīng)濟實力強大政治力量,走上國家獨立、民族振興的道路。與此同時,以四大家族為首的官僚資本寄生于蔣介石的政權(quán)庇護,利用戰(zhàn)時的契機,在政府發(fā)布的金融統(tǒng)制、增加關(guān)稅、發(fā)行公債等一系列經(jīng)濟政策中尋找繁衍空間,化政策為斂財手段,破壞經(jīng)濟的正常運行,掠奪國民財富,逐漸發(fā)展成龐大的官僚資本體系。抗日戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)前后,主筆張季鸞的“國家中心論”對新記《大公報》在國民政府經(jīng)濟政策的輿論引導(dǎo)中產(chǎn)生了重大影響。而以蔣介石為首的四大家族官僚資本對政黨權(quán)威的削弱和對國民經(jīng)濟的侵蝕讓新記《大公報》處于一個既尷尬又為難的境地。 筆者的正文分為三個部分。第一部分介紹新記《大公報》的三位報人與蔣介石之間的私人交往關(guān)系,并陳述新記《大公報》的政治立場從“罵蔣”到“擁蔣”的轉(zhuǎn)變過程。在介紹新記《大公報》的發(fā)展狀況中,筆者將重點放在論述新記《大公報》的“三駕馬車”(吳鼎昌、胡政之、張季鸞)分別與四大家族之間存在的關(guān)系上,主要論述了吳鼎昌成為蔣介石政府幕僚的過程、胡政之在1945年申請20萬官價外匯事件以及張季鸞與蔣介石的私人交往。通過以上三個方面來分析吳鼎昌個人的政治抱負和其把控《大公報》的經(jīng)濟命脈對《大公報》的經(jīng)營理念和輿論導(dǎo)向有著怎樣的影響；胡政之的辦報思想在這期間受到怎樣的沖擊；以及張季鸞與蔣介石的私人交往對《大公報》的價值取向和言論有著怎樣的把握。在以上基礎(chǔ)上簡述抗戰(zhàn)前后,新記《大公報》從“罵蔣”到“擁蔣”的政治立場轉(zhuǎn)變。第二部分交代四大家族官僚資本發(fā)展膨脹的經(jīng)濟手段,并分析其與國民政府經(jīng)濟政策的多重契合。這一部分論述了新記《大公報》在當時的政治、經(jīng)濟、戰(zhàn)爭的背景下對國民政府經(jīng)濟政策的宣傳,而經(jīng)濟政策的宣傳則間接為四大家族官僚資本的發(fā)展營造了有利的輿論氛圍。筆者梳理了四大家族官僚資本發(fā)展膨脹的經(jīng)濟手段,包括金融壟斷、稅收與幣制改革及商業(yè)壟斷三個方面,通過交代官僚資本滋生蔓延的政權(quán)支配經(jīng)濟的社會背景,來分析新記《大公報》的辦報處境以及輿論導(dǎo)向。以現(xiàn)有的文本材料為依據(jù),筆者從“金融政策”、“稅收”、“公債”、“通貨膨脹”以及“商業(yè)投機事件”幾個方面列舉分析新記《大公報》的評論文本,試圖分析新記《大公報》經(jīng)濟評論的動員作用與官僚資本的發(fā)展有著怎樣的關(guān)系。第三部分總結(jié)了新記《大公報》在其經(jīng)濟政策的宣傳中,對國民政府的財政建設(shè)發(fā)揮了怎樣的輿論功能,揭示了其言論透露的對官僚資本的態(tài)度以及背后的政治立場。筆者在前三章的論述基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)了新記《大公報》對國民政府經(jīng)濟政策的宣傳方向,分析其輿論引導(dǎo)源自于怎樣的政治立場,通過新記《大公報》對官僚資本的評論分析,探討近代報刊的經(jīng)濟輿論引導(dǎo)功能,同時揭示新記《大公報》在抗日戰(zhàn)爭的背景下,對官僚資本姑息隱忍的態(tài)度所體現(xiàn)的政治根源與國家意識。 面對政權(quán)與資本相勾結(jié),新記《大公報》選擇以大局為重、以抗敵為先,倡導(dǎo)國家中心論,為國民政府的經(jīng)濟建設(shè)不遺余力的作著宣傳。筆者主要探討新記《大公報》在宣傳政府的經(jīng)濟政策過程中所透露的對四大家族官僚資本的姑息隱忍態(tài)度,并分析其間接為官僚資本營造有利的輿論氛圍背后,體現(xiàn)出了怎樣的民族精神和國家意識。
[Abstract]:The new record < Da Gong Bao > in the history of modern Chinese newspapers and periodicals occupies a special historical position. Newspapers are famous for political theory at the beginning of the continued publication. Before and after the war of resistance, Zhang Ji Luan, Wu Dingchang and Hu Zhengzhi made the "three carriages" of the "grand public newspaper" to the peak. As well as the struggle in the difficult period, the newspaper people also have their own future consideration and the support of the national emotion. The newspaper's survival demand and the subjective consciousness of the newspaper in the environment of war, power and interest intertwined inevitably affect every step of the newspaper. After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan, the new record < Da Gong Bao > the news thought of the article to the state for the country At the starting point, the public comment on the social comment expressed the support of the Jiang Jieshi administration as the "political center" of China, and promoted its own authority through the propaganda and public opinion guidance of the newspaper, and urged it to become a true leader, thus realizing the Democratic independence of the country and saving the nation from the water fire. At that time, Chinese society was in urgent need of a strong political authority to guarantee and promote national unity and national independence. For a variety of reasons, the national government led by Jiang Jieshi was the only choice made at that time. The economic force was the material basis of the political struggle and resistance against Japan by the national government. In the direction of newspapers, the newspaper has made adjustments according to the changes in the current situation. It will develop the economy and strengthen the national strength as the way out for the rescue of the nation. In the propaganda, it will cooperate with the national government's economic policy. It is expected that the economic consolidation can drive the economy of the national government and take the national independence and the people with the powerful political power. At the same time, the bureaucratic capital, headed by the four families, parasitized by the political power of Jiang Jieshi, using the opportunity of the wartime, to find the breeding space in a series of economic policies, such as the government issued by the government, the increase of tariffs, the issuance of public debt, and the means of collecting money, destroying the normal operation of the economy and plundering the national wealth. Gradually developing into a huge bureaucratic capital system. Before and after the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan, the "national centrism" of the master Zhang Luan had a great influence on the guidance of the public opinion of the new record < Da Gong Bao > in the national government's economic policy. The weakening of the authority of the party and the erosion of the national economy by the four bureaucratic capitals led by Jiang Jieshi were new to the national economy. The Ta Kung Pao is in an awkward and embarrassing situation.
The main body of the author is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the private relations between the three journalists and Jiang Jieshi, and states the transformation process of the political position of the new record < Dagong Bao > from "scolding Chiang" to "Chiang Kai Shek". The relationship between "three carriages" (Wu Dingchang, Hu government, Zhang Jiluan) and the four families, respectively, discussed Wu Dingchang's process of becoming a Jiang Jieshi government staff member. Hu Zhengzhi applied for the 200 thousand official price of foreign exchange in 1945 and the private contacts between Zhang Luan and Jiang Jieshi. Through the above three aspects, it analyzed Wu Dingchang individual. What is the impact of the political aspirations and the economic lifeline of the grand Kung Pao on the business philosophy and public opinion orientation of the grand Kung Pao; how Hu Zhengzhi's thought of running the newspaper has been affected during this period; and how the personal contacts between Zhang Ji Luan and Jiang Jieshi have a good grasp of the value orientation and speech of the grand Kung Pao. The second part explains the economic means of the expansion of the bureaucratic capital development of the four big families, and analyzes the multiple agreement with the national government's economic policy. This part discusses the new record < Da Gong Bao > in the political, economic and war background of the time. The propaganda of the national government's economic policy and the propaganda of the economic policy create a favorable atmosphere for the development of the four big family bureaucrat capital. The author combs the economic means of the expansion of the four big family bureaucrats' capital development, including financial monopoly, tax and currency reform and commercial monopoly, by replacing bureaucratic capital in three aspects. On the basis of the existing text materials, the author analyses the text of the commentary on the new "Dagong newspaper" from several aspects of "financial policy", "tax", "public debt", "inflation" and "commercial speculation", based on the existing text materials. This paper tries to analyze the relationship between the mobilization role of the new record < grand Kung Pao > Economic Review and the development of bureaucratic capital. The third part sums up what the public opinion function has been exerting on the national government's financial construction in the publicity of the new note, "Dagong Bao" in its economic policy, and reveals the attitude to bureaucratic capital revealed by his comments and behind it. On the basis of the discussion of the first three chapters, the author summarizes the direction of the new record < dgong Bao > to the economic policy of the national government, analyzes the political position that its public opinion leads to, and through the review and analysis of the new record < Da Gong Bao > on the bureaucratic capital, probes into the guiding function of the modern press, and reveals the new record < Da Gong Bao > Against the backdrop of the war of resistance against Japan, the political roots and national consciousness of the bureaucratic capital's tolerance and tolerance attitude.
In the face of the collusion between the government and the capital, the new record < grand Kung Pao > is the priority of the overall situation. In order to resist the enemy as the first, it advocates the national centrism and makes no effort to spare no effort for the economic construction of the national government. The author mainly discusses the appeasement of the four big family bureaucrat capital in the new record < Dagong Bao > in the process of publicizing the government's economic policy It also analyzes what kind of national spirit and national consciousness it embodies behind creating a favorable public opinion indirectly for bureaucrat capital.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G219.29

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