本文選題：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理 + 社交媒體�。� 參考：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代社會(huì)治理方式正在發(fā)生巨大改變,發(fā)展理念、組織協(xié)調(diào)和組織方式方面已經(jīng)發(fā)生深刻而廣泛的變化,政府、企業(yè)、公眾、非政府組織等,不斷參與到治理和決策的過(guò)程當(dāng)中,這不可避免地會(huì)影響到自然災(zāi)害的處理方式。 大多數(shù)自然巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)包含了復(fù)雜性、不確定性和多義性的復(fù)合。自然巨災(zāi)在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)中具有和政治、社會(huì)、文化復(fù)雜的聯(lián)系。自然巨災(zāi)的社會(huì)與自然雙重屬性共同構(gòu)建了眾多的交叉研究譜系,巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的研究也從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理邁入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的全新階段和范式。 近年來(lái),社交媒體極大的改變了人類(lèi)的生活和災(zāi)害治理。理論上,社交媒體的五大關(guān)鍵特性：集體,連通,完整性,清晰度和協(xié)作,使其適合于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理。實(shí)踐中,社交媒體也在災(zāi)害救助中顯示出巨大的力量。社交媒體已經(jīng)成為綜合的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理工具之一,它不僅是信息工具,也是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)建構(gòu)工具、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溝通工具、情感聯(lián)系工具、社會(huì)參與工具。 本文全面考察社交媒體對(duì)提高巨災(zāi)的可治理性的優(yōu)勢(shì)和局限。由于目前國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)界還缺乏相關(guān)系統(tǒng)性的理論分析框架,也沒(méi)有完整的理論研究思路和基本的研究?jī)?nèi)容體系可資借鑒,本文基于巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的框架,圍繞社交媒體在巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理中的作用從以下幾個(gè)方面展開(kāi)具體研究。 第一章、緒論部分�；诰逓�(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)與傳統(tǒng)巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理遇到的挑戰(zhàn),說(shuō)明研究的選題背景,指出社交媒體在災(zāi)害救助中顯示出巨大的力量,社交媒體與巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的進(jìn)一步融合將無(wú)可避免。并總括性地給出本文的研究思路、研究方法、創(chuàng)新以及不足之處。 第二章、理論回顧及綜述。社交媒體在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理中的作用很大程度上是基于現(xiàn)代風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的建構(gòu)性。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)本身又是多主體性和跨學(xué)科性,因此引入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理框架,更適于分析。該部分全面深入地對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理、巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理以及社交媒體的基本概念和基本特征進(jìn)行科學(xué)合理的分析和闡述。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理又和國(guó)家的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類(lèi)型密切相關(guān),各個(gè)利益相關(guān)者的角度和作用各異,因此該部分在IRGC的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理框架基礎(chǔ)上加以擴(kuò)充確立了本文的巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理框架。 第三章、社交媒體在巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理中的作用機(jī)制。本章從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)中的自然巨災(zāi)的特征出發(fā),指出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理框架應(yīng)用于自然巨災(zāi)的可行性和原則,考察了利用社交媒體進(jìn)行自然巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的參與主體,然后從總體作用機(jī)制、核心作用機(jī)制、工具性使用機(jī)制、參與性使用機(jī)制、情感性使用機(jī)制考察了社交媒體在巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理中的作用機(jī)制。最后論述了社交媒體帶來(lái)的治理挑戰(zhàn)。 第四章、社交媒體在巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理中的作用實(shí)踐。鑒于巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是關(guān)乎人類(lèi)生存與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重大社會(huì)問(wèn)題之一,不少飽受巨災(zāi)傷害的國(guó)家和地區(qū)早已開(kāi)始了對(duì)巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的探索和實(shí)踐。近年來(lái),發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家、欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家以及我國(guó)都在巨災(zāi)中大量運(yùn)用了社交媒體。但由于制度、法律、技術(shù)、社會(huì)資本等方面的差異,表現(xiàn)出了不同的層次和特色。本章對(duì)美國(guó)、中國(guó)以及海地地震、斯里蘭卡海嘯、日本地震運(yùn)用社交媒體的實(shí)踐進(jìn)行了回顧和分析。 接下來(lái)基于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理框架,按照主要的參與主體分別考察其在巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理中對(duì)社交媒體的運(yùn)用。 第五章、政府利用社交媒體參與巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的分析。指出巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及其產(chǎn)生的危機(jī)與緊急災(zāi)難的處理,已經(jīng)成為政府面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn),政府治理理念正在轉(zhuǎn)變。本章將社交媒體作為一種政策工具,分析政府利用社交媒體進(jìn)行巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的作用框架和作用原理。并以一個(gè)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)化的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)均衡模型,說(shuō)明政府往往在巨災(zāi)的事前預(yù)防和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溝通方面會(huì)投入不足,而社交媒體作為一種高效率、低成本的政策工具和手段,可以使政府在巨災(zāi)的預(yù)防、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溝通、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)文化塑造方面更有效率。 第六章、以保險(xiǎn)公司為重點(diǎn),對(duì)市場(chǎng)主體利用社交媒體參與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理進(jìn)行了分析。社交媒體以其較強(qiáng)的交互性、迅速性、便捷性和開(kāi)放性等特點(diǎn),所展現(xiàn)的巨大的影響力和上升趨勢(shì),對(duì)于巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理和巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)建設(shè)都是重大的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。為了研究社交媒體對(duì)巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)均衡的影響,本章構(gòu)建了一個(gè)包括政府、保險(xiǎn)公司、消費(fèi)者三方的巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的演化博弈模型,重點(diǎn)分析了社交媒體通過(guò)作用于消費(fèi)者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知和產(chǎn)品價(jià)值感知,進(jìn)而對(duì)巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的演化均衡的影響途徑,并對(duì)該模型的演化均衡進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的比較靜態(tài)分析。結(jié)果顯示合理使用社交媒體,可以通過(guò)影響消費(fèi)者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知、保險(xiǎn)公司的產(chǎn)品成本、理賠效率等方面,更低成本、更有效率地促進(jìn)巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的均衡。最后基于以上模型提出了相應(yīng)的建議。 第七章、對(duì)公眾利用社交媒體參與巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理進(jìn)行了分析。重點(diǎn)基于公眾的參與性使用進(jìn)行了考察,指出傳統(tǒng)的層級(jí)式救災(zāi)將公眾排除在決策外,而公眾通過(guò)社交媒體的參與有利于形成集體智慧,并分別考察了公眾利用社交媒體參與巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的幾種形式。 第八章、社交媒體在巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溝通中的作用。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溝通可以引導(dǎo)公眾對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)接受程度、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知、進(jìn)而影響社會(huì)行動(dòng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)、倫理認(rèn)同、人際互動(dòng)的認(rèn)知,因此風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溝通已經(jīng)變成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理中關(guān)鍵性的建構(gòu)程序。本章分析了巨災(zāi)中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溝通的意義,利用社交媒體進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溝通的框架、機(jī)制。對(duì)于相應(yīng)的挑戰(zhàn),重點(diǎn)分析了社交媒體使用過(guò)程中謠言產(chǎn)生和抑制的機(jī)制。最后我們對(duì)有效利用社交媒體進(jìn)行巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溝通提出了相關(guān)的建議。 第九章、社交媒體在巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理中的作用評(píng)價(jià)。對(duì)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理中的影響和作用,在IRGC的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理框架中并沒(méi)有相關(guān)的評(píng)估環(huán)節(jié),相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)也鮮有涉及,本章進(jìn)行初步的嘗試,試圖建立一個(gè)衡量社交媒體在巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理中作用的評(píng)價(jià)框架和指標(biāo)體系。 第十章、主要結(jié)論和展望。本章是對(duì)全文的總結(jié)和補(bǔ)充。論述本文研究中所得到的主要結(jié)論、核心觀點(diǎn),以及研究過(guò)程中存在的不足和未來(lái)研究展望。 通過(guò)上述分析與探索,本文取得了如下進(jìn)展和創(chuàng)新： 1、系統(tǒng)性地分析了社交媒體在巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理中的作用,填補(bǔ)了我國(guó)巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的相關(guān)理論空白 目前國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)于社交媒體在巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理中的作用并沒(méi)有形成系統(tǒng)化理論化的學(xué)科體系和研究框架。本文通過(guò)總結(jié)回顧國(guó)內(nèi)外的主要相關(guān)研究,基于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的框架,全面分析和闡述了社交媒體在巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的作用機(jī)制與運(yùn)用建議。 2、全面探索了在巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理各主體、各環(huán)節(jié)中更有效地利用社交媒體的新思路 本文基于理論模型分析和案例實(shí)踐分析,就各參與主體和災(zāi)害各階段如何利用社交媒體改進(jìn)巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理,提出了相關(guān)的思路與建議。 3、創(chuàng)新性地通過(guò)演化博弈理論和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知理論分析了社交媒體對(duì)于巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)均衡的改善作用 構(gòu)建了一個(gè)包括政府、保險(xiǎn)公司、消費(fèi)者三方的巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的演化博弈模型,重點(diǎn)分析了社交媒體通過(guò)作用于消費(fèi)者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知和產(chǎn)品價(jià)值感知,進(jìn)而對(duì)巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的演化均衡的影響途徑。
[Abstract]:Great changes have taken place in the way of modern social governance. Profound and extensive changes have taken place in the concept of development, organization and coordination and organization. The government, enterprises, the public, non-governmental organizations and so on are constantly involved in the process of governance and decision-making, which inevitably affects the treatment of natural disasters.
Most natural catastrophe risks include complexity, uncertainty and polysemy. Natural catastrophe has a complex relationship with politics, society and culture in the risk society. The social and natural dual attributes of natural catastrophe build a multitudinous cross research pedigree, and the study of catastrophe risk has also stepped into risk management from risk management. A new phase and paradigm.
In recent years, social media has dramatically changed human life and disaster management. In theory, the five key features of social media are collective, connectivity, integrity, clarity, and collaboration, making it suitable for risk management. In practice, social media also shows great power in disaster relief. Social media has become a comprehensive risk treatment. One of the tools, it is not only an information tool, but also a risk building tool, a risk communication tool, an emotional communication tool, and a social participation tool.
This article reviews the advantages and limitations of social media to improve the manageability of catastrophe. Due to the lack of systematic theoretical framework, complete theoretical research and basic research content system, this paper is based on the framework of catastrophe risk management and the social media in the catastrophe wind. The role of risk management is studied from the following aspects.
The first chapter, the introduction part. Based on the severe situation of catastrophe risk and the challenge of the traditional catastrophe risk management, this paper illustrates the background of the study, points out that the social media has shown great strength in disaster relief, and the further integration of social media and catastrophe risk management will be inevitable. Research methods, innovation and inadequacies.
The second chapter, the theoretical review and summary. The role of social media in risk management is largely based on the constructivism of risk in modern risk society. Risk itself is multi-agent and interdisciplinary, so the risk management framework is introduced, which is more suitable for analysis. This part is comprehensive and in-depth on risk, catastrophe risk, risk management, catastrophe wind. Risk governance and the basic concepts and basic characteristics of social media are scientifically and rationally analyzed and expounded. Risk management is closely related to the country's political and economic environment, risk types, and the angles and functions of each stakeholder are different. Therefore, this part of this part has been expanded to establish the catastrophe of this article on the basis of the framework of IRGC's risk management. The risk governance framework.
The third chapter, the role mechanism of social media in the management of catastrophe risk. This chapter, starting from the characteristics of natural catastrophe in the risk society, points out the feasibility and principles of the application of the framework of risk management to natural catastrophe, and examines the main body of the use of social media for the management of natural catastrophe risk, and then from the overall mechanism of action and the core role. The mechanism, the tool use mechanism, the participatory use mechanism and the emotional use mechanism examine the role mechanism of social media in the management of catastrophe risk. Finally, it discusses the governance challenges brought by social media.
The fourth chapter, the role of social media in the management of catastrophe risk. In view of the catastrophe risk is one of the major social problems related to human survival and sustainable development, many countries and regions have already begun to explore and practice catastrophe risk management. In recent years, developed countries, less developed countries and our country Social media is widely used in catastrophe, but the differences in system, law, technology and social capital show different levels and characteristics. This chapter reviews and analyzes the practice of the social media in the United States, China and Haiti, the tsunami in Sri Lanka and the use of social media in Japan.
Next, based on the risk governance framework, we will examine the use of social media in catastrophe risk management according to the main participants.
In the fifth chapter, the government uses social media to take part in the management of catastrophe risk. It points out that the risk of catastrophe and its crisis and emergency disaster treatment have become a major challenge for the government. The concept of government governance is changing. This chapter uses social media as a policy tool to analyze the government's use of social media for catastrophic risk. A relatively simplified economic equilibrium model shows that the government is often inadequately invested in the prevention and risk communication of catastrophe, and social media, as an efficient and low-cost policy tool and means, can make the government prevent catastrophe, communicate risk, and create a culture of risk. It is more efficient to make up.
The sixth chapter, focusing on insurance companies, analyzes market participants' participation in risk governance by social media. Social media, with its strong interaction, rapidity, convenience and openness, shows great influence and rising trend. It is a major opportunity for the management of catastrophe risk and the construction of catastrophe insurance market. In order to study the impact of social media on the equilibrium of catastrophe insurance market, this chapter constructs an evolutionary game model of catastrophe insurance market, which includes government, insurance companies and consumer three parties. It focuses on the analysis of the social media's role in the risk perception and product value perception of consumers, and then to the catastrophe insurance market. The result shows that the rational use of social media can promote the equilibrium of the catastrophe insurance market by affecting the consumer's risk perception, the cost of the insurance company, the efficiency of claims and so on. The above model put forward the corresponding suggestions.
In the seventh chapter, the public uses social media to take part in the management of catastrophe risk. The focus is based on the participation of the public. It is pointed out that the traditional hierarchical disaster relief will exclude the public from the decision-making, and the public's participation through social media is beneficial to the formation of collective intelligence, and the public use of social media to participate respectively. Several forms of catastrophe risk management.
The eighth chapter is the role of social media in catastrophic risk communication. Risk communication can lead the public to risk acceptance, risk perception, and then influence social action, economic activity, ethical identity, and interpersonal interaction. Therefore, risk communication has become a key construction procedure in risk management. This chapter analyses the risk gully in catastrophe. The framework and mechanism of the use of social media for risk communication. With regard to the corresponding challenges, it focuses on the mechanism of rumor generation and suppression in the use of social media. Finally, we put forward some suggestions on the effective use of social media for catastrophic risk communication.
The ninth chapter is the evaluation of the role of social media in the management of catastrophe risk. The impact and role of the risk governance is not related to the risk management framework of IRGC, and the relevant literature is rarely involved. This chapter tries to establish an evaluation frame to measure the role of social media in the management of catastrophe risk. Frame and index system.
The tenth chapter, the main conclusions and prospects. This chapter is a summary and supplement to the full text. This chapter discusses the main conclusions, the core views, and the shortcomings in the study and the future research prospects.
Through the above analysis and exploration, this article has made the following progress and Innovation:
1, we systematically analyzed the role of social media in catastrophe risk governance, and filled the theoretical gaps of catastrophe risk governance in China.
At present, the role of social media in the management of catastrophe risk has not formed a systematic theoretical system and research framework. By summarizing and reviewing the main related research at home and abroad and based on the framework of risk management, this paper comprehensively analyzes and expounds the mechanism and application of social media in the management of catastrophe risk. Suggestion.
2, we have comprehensively explored new ways to make more effective use of social media in the main bodies and links of catastrophe risk management.
Based on the theoretical model analysis and case practice analysis, this paper puts forward some relevant ideas and suggestions on how to use social media to improve the management of catastrophe risk by each participant and each stage of the disaster.
3, the innovative game theory and risk perception theory are used to analyze the improvement of social media on catastrophe insurance market equilibrium.
The evolution game model of catastrophe insurance market, which includes three parties of government, insurance company and consumer, is constructed, and the impact of social media on the evolution equilibrium of catastrophe insurance market is analyzed with emphasis on the social media's risk perception and product value perception.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G206;D630

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