本文選題：憲兵 + 憲兵制度��； 參考：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：憲兵是一種起源于12世紀(jì)法國的軍事組織,起初以維持軍隊(duì)軍紀(jì)為主要職責(zé)。隨著歷史發(fā)展,法國憲兵逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐恢б跃S護(hù)社會(huì)治安為主要職能的機(jī)構(gòu),軍事化的組織形態(tài)使憲兵具有高效、機(jī)動(dòng)、靈活等特點(diǎn),在法國政局的風(fēng)云變化中始終保持著很強(qiáng)的制度活力。法國大革命之后,伴隨著拿破侖在歐洲的武力征服以及歐洲國家的殖民活動(dòng),憲兵制度傳播到世界各地,并被諸多國家所借鑒和效仿,法國、俄羅斯、意大利、西班牙、荷蘭、羅馬尼亞、土耳其、智利等國家的憲兵組織直到今天都是各國重要的武裝力量,擔(dān)負(fù)著維護(hù)法治、維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序、鞏固國防、反恐救援等重要職能,在各國現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮了無法替代的作用。21世紀(jì)以來,非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅持續(xù)增強(qiáng),憲兵制度面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn),也迎來了新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇期,職能任務(wù)多元化、組織指揮集權(quán)化、兵力部署綜合化、履職行為經(jīng)�；�、發(fā)展模式多樣化,成為憲兵制度新的時(shí)代特點(diǎn)。在20世紀(jì)初的中國,伴隨著政治格局的變化,中國的憲兵制度起初由清政府西學(xué)創(chuàng)立,繼而被國民政府發(fā)展為特務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu),最終被新中國廢除。所以,長期以來,憲兵在中國學(xué)者和百姓眼中的形象仍然是反動(dòng)的“走狗”、是姓“資”的東西。80年代,為了為改革開放營造一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)秩序,更好的服務(wù)于經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和人民安居樂業(yè),中國人民武裝警察部隊(duì)正式組建,擔(dān)負(fù)執(zhí)勤、維穩(wěn)、反恐、救援、支援經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)等任務(wù)。一方面,作為一支執(zhí)行黨的政治任務(wù)的武裝集團(tuán),武警體制是中國特色社會(huì)主義政治制度的產(chǎn)物,與西方國家的憲兵制度有著本質(zhì)上的差別;另一方面,武警體制和憲兵制度卻都建立在軍事化的基礎(chǔ)上、都以對(duì)內(nèi)任務(wù)為主要職責(zé)、都是反恐和救援的一線主力,在非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅持續(xù)增強(qiáng)的今天,武警和憲兵所面臨的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)也是相似的。如今,我國的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革進(jìn)入深水區(qū),軍隊(duì)體制同樣面臨大幅度調(diào)整�？茖W(xué)推進(jìn)武警部隊(duì)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè),要求我們用更加客觀和理性的視角看待起源于西方國家的憲兵制度。在堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和全心全意為人民服務(wù)的宗旨下,選擇性吸收和借鑒西方發(fā)達(dá)國家憲兵制度中有關(guān)警官職業(yè)化、特種力量建設(shè)、憲兵教育、國際交流等方面的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的推進(jìn)武警部隊(duì)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The Gendarmerie is a military organization that originated in the 12 th century France, initially with the maintenance of military discipline as its primary responsibility. With the development of history, the French gendarmerie gradually turned into an organization whose main function was to maintain public order. The militarized organization made the gendarmerie highly efficient, mobile and flexible. In the French political situation changes have always maintained a strong institutional vitality. After the French Revolution, with Napoleon's military conquest in Europe and the colonization of European countries, the gendarmerie system spread all over the world and was imitated by many countries, France, Russia, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, France, Russia, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, The gendarmerie organizations in Romania, Turkey, Chile and other countries are, to this day, important armed forces of various countries. They are responsible for maintaining the rule of law, maintaining social order, consolidating national defense, and countering terrorism and rescue, and so on. Since the 21st century, non-traditional security threats have continued to increase, the gendarmerie system is facing new challenges, and has ushered in a new period of development opportunities, with diversified functions and tasks. The centralization of organization and command, the comprehensive deployment of military forces, the regular performance of duties and the diversification of development patterns have become the new characteristics of the gendarmerie system. In China at the beginning of the 20th century, with the change of political structure, the gendarmerie system of China was first established by the Qing government, then developed into a secret service by the National Government, and finally abolished by the people's Republic of China. Therefore, for a long time, the image of the gendarmerie in the eyes of Chinese scholars and the common people was still a reactionary "running dog", something surnamed "capital". In the 1980s, in order to create a stable social order for reform and opening up, To better serve economic construction and people living and working in peace and contentment, the Chinese people's Armed Police Force has been formally set up to take on duty, maintain stability, fight terrorism, rescue, and support economic construction. On the one hand, as an armed group carrying out the party's political tasks, the armed police system is the product of the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics, which is essentially different from the gendarmerie system in western countries; on the other hand, However, the armed police system and the gendarmerie system are both based on militarization, with internal tasks as their main responsibilities, as well as the main force of counter-terrorism and rescue. Today, when non-traditional security threats continue to increase, The opportunities and challenges faced by the armed police and the gendarmerie are similar. Now, our country's political and economic system reform enters the deep water area, the army system also faces the massive adjustment. To advance the modernization of armed police forces scientifically requires us to look at the gendarmerie system originated in western countries from a more objective and rational perspective. Under the aim of adhering to the Party's leadership and wholeheartedly serving the people, we should selectively absorb and learn from the advanced experience of the military police system in developed western countries in the fields of professionalization of police officers, construction of special forces, gendarmerie education, international exchanges, and so on. Advance with the times to promote the development of the Armed Police Force.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：E277

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