發(fā)布時間：2018-04-26 22:27

  本文選題：經(jīng)濟不平等 + 收入��； 參考：《南京大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：當今世界,經(jīng)濟不平等狀況不斷蔓延,貧富差距日益增大。特別是美國,經(jīng)濟不平等狀況自1970年以來持續(xù)惡化,基尼系數(shù)在發(fā)達國家中顯著偏高。經(jīng)濟不平等不僅影響人們的日常生活和幸福感,更左右著國家的政治、經(jīng)濟走勢。因此,經(jīng)濟不平等也一直是美國政府與人民關(guān)注的議題。造成經(jīng)濟不平等的因素很多,之前的文獻多集中于部分影響因素,比如科學技術(shù)的進步,社會機制的變革以及全球化的影響。在這個紛繁復雜的背景之下,如果能夠正確地找到?jīng)Q定社會不平等水平的因素,就可以有的放矢地制定政策,促進社會公平正義。本文在實證研究與理論研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,從收入和財富兩方面對美國經(jīng)濟不平等的決定因素進行探討,力求在有限的篇幅內(nèi),管中窺豹,分析及確定導致收入不平等和財富不平等的因素,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出相應的政策解決措施。本文利用美國勞工部以及統(tǒng)計局CPS, PSID,和SCF數(shù)據(jù)庫中1970年到2012年的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),對美國這期間的經(jīng)濟不平等的決定因素以基尼系數(shù)為參照,用模型進行分析,得出老年人口比例、失業(yè)率、就業(yè)率、政府支出、儲蓄行為、財富轉(zhuǎn)移以及股票和地產(chǎn)市場的波動是經(jīng)濟不平等的決定因素。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出進行退休金制度及稅制改革的必要性,并且認為政府應該出臺相應政策為貧困階層提供更便捷的貸款,并重視再分配的公平性,同時平衡好公平與效率的關(guān)系。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于將宏觀和微觀的因素結(jié)合在一起,綜合考察經(jīng)濟不平等的決定因素,并利用了數(shù)據(jù)庫中最新的數(shù)據(jù)進行實證研究和分析。同時,針對庫茲涅茨曲線是否真實存在這一爭議問題,本文也試圖利用美國1970-2012年間的數(shù)據(jù)進行檢驗。但是,在內(nèi)容與方法上,本文也存在著局限之處。受數(shù)據(jù)與模型的限制,本文對庫茲涅茨曲線的分析較為片面,也無法推斷出經(jīng)濟不平等與其決定因素之間精確的數(shù)量關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:In today's world, economic inequality is spreading and the gap between rich and poor is widening. Especially in the United States, economic inequality has been worsening since 1970, and the Gini coefficient is significantly higher in developed countries. Economic inequality not only affects people's daily life and happiness, but also affects the political and economic trends of the country. As a result, economic inequality has also been an issue of concern to the American government and people. There are many factors contributing to economic inequality, and previous literature has focused on a number of factors, such as advances in science and technology, changes in social mechanisms, and the effects of globalization. In this complicated background, if we can correctly find the factors that determine the level of social inequality, we can make policies to promote social equity and justice. On the basis of empirical and theoretical studies, this paper probes into the determinants of economic inequality in the United States from two aspects of income and wealth. This paper analyzes and determines the factors that lead to income inequality and wealth inequality, and puts forward corresponding policy measures. Based on the relevant data from 1970 to 2012 in the United States Department of Labor and the Bureau of Statistics, CPS, PSID, and SCF, this paper analyzes the determinants of economic inequality in the United States during this period by using the Gini coefficient as a reference and using the model to analyze the proportion of the elderly population. Unemployment, employment, government spending, saving behavior, wealth transfers and volatility in the stock and property markets are determinants of economic inequality. On this basis, this paper puts forward the necessity of reforming the pension system and tax system, and holds that the government should issue corresponding policies to provide more convenient loans to the poor, and attach importance to the fairness of redistribution. At the same time, balance the relationship between fairness and efficiency. The innovation of this paper lies in the combination of macro and micro factors, the comprehensive investigation of the determinants of economic inequality, and the use of the latest data in the database for empirical research and analysis. At the same time, this paper tries to use the data from 1970-2012 to test whether the Kuznets curve is true or not. However, in terms of content and method, this paper also has its limitations. Limited by data and models, the analysis of Kuznets curve is one-sided, and the exact quantitative relationship between economic inequality and its determinants can not be inferred.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F171.2

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本文編號：1807971