本文關(guān)鍵詞： 參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì) 臺(tái)灣 經(jīng)驗(yàn)研究　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文首先通過對(duì)傳統(tǒng)程序理性規(guī)劃的發(fā)展與批判回顧了參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)出現(xiàn)的背景。臺(tái)灣的參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)，也在同樣的脈絡(luò)下進(jìn)行了持續(xù)的實(shí)踐探索，積累了大量的正面或反面經(jīng)驗(yàn)。由此引出研究問題。 第二章通過文獻(xiàn)綜述、分析既有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)可以引起較好的社會(huì)效果，成為大家推廣、贊成參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)的理由；相反的，如果參與的過程中采用了不合適的或形式化、民粹的參與方式，也會(huì)引起相應(yīng)的負(fù)面效應(yīng)與問題危機(jī)。第三章回顧了臺(tái)灣的參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)的整體發(fā)展脈絡(luò)并指出：在推行社區(qū)總體營(yíng)造制度二十年后的今天，臺(tái)灣的“參與”深入人心，具有相當(dāng)積極的社會(huì)意義；但與此同時(shí)也確實(shí)面臨著“形式化”的參與等情況對(duì)參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)造成危機(jī)與挑戰(zhàn)。通過第二、第三章的討論本文形成了核心的發(fā)問：怎樣的參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)過程可以避免流于形式化、民粹的問題，以達(dá)到良好的社會(huì)效果？ 為回答這個(gè)問題，第四章選擇了三個(gè)沒有流于形式化、民粹參與過程的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)案例——后竹圍公園參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)案、宜蘭思源機(jī)堡案、寶藏巖聚落保存案進(jìn)行分析與整理。通過對(duì)比分析可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然三個(gè)案例處于不同歷史時(shí)期、具有不同的操作模式，但都在參與的過程中產(chǎn)生了積極的社會(huì)影響。在三個(gè)案例諸多的不同背后有很多相似點(diǎn)，這些相似點(diǎn)是否就是可以避免形式化與民粹危機(jī)的好參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)的共通之處？ 文章總結(jié)部分指出，參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)，是在特定的社會(huì)文化、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展環(huán)境下形成的，一些相應(yīng)的空間政策作為“參與”背景機(jī)制對(duì)其有相當(dāng)?shù)闹С肿饔�。但是，參與的良好社會(huì)效果，以及在實(shí)踐中避免形式化與民粹的參與危機(jī)，并不單是通過常見的舉行公聽會(huì)或規(guī)劃說(shuō)明會(huì)；不只是專業(yè)者做好設(shè)計(jì)方案然后組織公眾參與提意見或投票；更不僅僅是專業(yè)者發(fā)問卷、做訪談、與居民聊天了解居民訴求而討論產(chǎn)生規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)方案。在臺(tái)灣經(jīng)驗(yàn)中，空間專業(yè)者需要有開放的態(tài)度，在與居民的互動(dòng)中進(jìn)行社會(huì)分析、洞察結(jié)構(gòu)性因素、整合各方面訴求、堅(jiān)持專業(yè)者的核心價(jià)值、適時(shí)的提供專業(yè)技術(shù)，將參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)放在一個(gè)時(shí)間向度下思考、采用“議程式”的操作模式；另一方面是，，需要了解空間使用者為什么會(huì)來(lái)參與，與居民真正相關(guān)的不是“參與”而是他們的生活，那么什么才是和他們的生活相關(guān)的?“好”的參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)其實(shí)并沒有固定的方式方法或手段，重要的是找到居民的關(guān)切點(diǎn)，通過運(yùn)用各種活動(dòng)、各種參與的途徑，將“參與”融入到居民的日常生活之中，使得空間生產(chǎn)的環(huán)節(jié)亦成為居民日常生活、空間實(shí)踐的一部分，對(duì)空間產(chǎn)生主體認(rèn)同。這個(gè)參與的過程不僅縮小了所謂的“專業(yè)”與居民之間的距離，讓專業(yè)知識(shí)與在地知識(shí)能夠相互連結(jié)，而且參與者可以感受到其個(gè)人的主體價(jià)值，能夠有一種其有能力、有權(quán)力去參與的想法，從而可以建構(gòu)其社會(huì)人的主體性。 反觀我們面臨的現(xiàn)實(shí)，中國(guó)所具有的特殊歷史背景與社會(huì)脈絡(luò)雖然使得臺(tái)灣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)不可能全盤復(fù)制；但是，海峽兩岸一脈相承的社會(huì)文化背景，可能讓我們未來(lái)達(dá)到某一發(fā)展階段時(shí)，在完善社會(huì)、文化以及城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃建設(shè)的制度設(shè)計(jì)及國(guó)民意識(shí)啟蒙中，臺(tái)灣的這些政策制度，避免形式化參與的核心價(jià)值理念與思考模式仍然具有積極的借鑒意義。 最后，文章將參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)回歸到空間認(rèn)識(shí)論的延伸探討，從空間認(rèn)識(shí)論的角度進(jìn)一步對(duì)傳統(tǒng)規(guī)劃、參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)所體現(xiàn)的認(rèn)識(shí)論進(jìn)行差異辨析。正是因?yàn)榭臻g認(rèn)識(shí)論的差異，導(dǎo)致了規(guī)劃或參與實(shí)踐中所持的態(tài)度和所采用的方式方法皆有不同。這也揭示了，為什么傳統(tǒng)規(guī)劃中的參與與一些參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)難免產(chǎn)生流于形式化、民粹的問題。因此，我們除了在方法論的層面上需要思考如何做好參與式規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)，更需要將參與回歸到一種價(jià)值取向上，深入的思考做參與的根本政經(jīng)目標(biāo)，做參與是想在既有的社會(huì)運(yùn)作邏輯體系下維護(hù)、鞏固與改良體制，還是希望認(rèn)清當(dāng)前社會(huì)運(yùn)作的結(jié)構(gòu)性問題，從而推進(jìn)社會(huì)的發(fā)展與轉(zhuǎn)變?
[Abstract]:Firstly, through the development and criticism of the traditional procedure of the rational planning review of participation type planning and design planning and design background. Type in Taiwan, also explored the continuing practice in the same context, the accumulation of a large number of positive or negative experience. This leads to the research question.
The second chapter through literature review, analysis of the existing research findings, participatory planning and design can lead to good social effect, become a promotion, in favor of participatory planning and design reasons; on the contrary, if the participation process used in an inappropriate or formal, populist participation, will cause the negative effects of the crisis the corresponding problems. The third chapter reviews Taiwan's participation in the overall development planning design and pointed out: in the implementation of community building system twenty years later, Taiwan's "participation" in the hearts of the people, has a positive social significance; but at the same time also is facing a "formal" participation caused by crisis with the challenge of participatory planning and design. By second, the third chapter of this paper discusses the questions: how to form the core of the participatory planning process can avoid formality , populist problem, in order to achieve good social effect?
To answer this question, the fourth chapter chooses three no formality, populist planning cases in the process, after the bamboo park participatory planning and design case, Yilan Bao Siyuan machine case, treasurehill preservation case analysis and consolidation. Through comparative analysis can be found, although three cases in different historical periods that has a different mode of operation, but in the process of participation has a positive impact on society. There are many similarities in the three different cases behind many of these similarities, whether it is formal and can avoid populist crisis well participatory planning and design in common?
This article pointed out that the participatory planning and design, in particular social and cultural environment, the formation and development of the political economy of some space policy as "participation" in support of a background mechanism on it. However, the good social effect of participation, and in practice to avoid formal and populist in the crisis, not only is the common held public hearings or planning seminars; not only professionals do design and organization of public participation in the comments or voting; more than just professional questionnaire, interview, and understand the demands of the residents and residents chat discussion in Taiwan. Planning and design experience, professional space need to have an open attitude, social analysis in the interaction with the residents, insight into the structural factors, the integration of various demands, adhere to the core values of professional, timely provide professional Technology, will participate in the planning design thinking to a degree at a time, using the "discussion program" operation mode; on the other hand, need to understand why space users to participate in, and the residents "participation" is not really relevant but their lives, what is life and their related? "Good" participatory planning and design is not fixed way or means, it is important to find the residents concerns, through the use of a variety of activities, ways of participation, "participation" into the daily life of the residents in the spatial aspect of production has become a part of the daily life of residents. Practice, subject to the identity space. The process involved not only reduced between the so-called "professional" and residents of the distance, let the professional knowledge can be mutually connected with the knowledge, and the participants The subjective value of the individual can be felt, and it can have the idea that it has the ability and power to participate, which can construct the subjectivity of its social person.
In contrast, we are faced with the reality of the special historical background and social context of Chinese although that Taiwan's experience can't be copied; however, both sides of the strait the same social and cultural background, the future may allow us to reach a certain stage of development, in the social, cultural and urban planning and construction of the system design and the national consciousness of enlightenment these policies, Taiwan system, avoid still have the positive significance of core value concept and thinking mode of formal participation.
Finally, the article will return to the space planning and design Participatory epistemology extension study, from the perspective of epistemology further space of traditional planning, participation reflected type of planning and design theory of difference analysis. It is because the space epistemological differences, lead or participate in the practice of planning method in attitude and way the are different. It also reveals why the traditional, in the planning and participatory planning and design will inevitably produce a mere formality, populist problems. Therefore, we in addition to the methodological level the need to think about how to do the participatory planning and design, will be more involved in returning to a value orientation need further, the reflection of fundamental political and economic goals of participation, participation in do is to maintain the existing social operation logic system, consolidate and improve the system, or to understand the current social operation. The construction of the problem, thus promoting the development and transformation of the society?

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.2

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