本文關(guān)鍵詞： 立法規(guī)劃 全國(guó)人大常委會(huì) 立法項(xiàng)目　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：通說(shuō)認(rèn)為,立法規(guī)劃是指有權(quán)編制主體采用科學(xué)的立法技術(shù)和方法,合理預(yù)測(cè)國(guó)家政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的需要,遵循既定的程序,對(duì)未來(lái)幾年的立法工作做出科學(xué)的安排與部署。我國(guó)自第八屆人大常委會(huì)制定立法規(guī)劃伊始,歷經(jīng)五屆,都只是作為全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)的一種實(shí)踐慣例,并未上升到國(guó)家法律。直至2015年3月15日第十二屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第三次會(huì)議表決通過(guò)《關(guān)于修改〈中華人民共和國(guó)立法法〉的決定》修正),立法規(guī)劃制度得以正式確立。雖然立法規(guī)劃制度自在我國(guó)誕生以來(lái),取得的實(shí)效并不如人意,由此引發(fā)了部分學(xué)者關(guān)于其存在的必要性的質(zhì)疑。誠(chéng)然,事物在發(fā)展過(guò)程中不可避免會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些問(wèn)題,但不能在不加修正之前便予以否決。在筆者看來(lái),我國(guó)立法規(guī)劃因改革開(kāi)放后社會(huì)發(fā)展對(duì)法律的迫切需求而產(chǎn)生,當(dāng)下孕育該制度的歷史條件并未根本變化,立法規(guī)劃不可輕易廢止。從法律體系建設(shè)的角度來(lái)看,立法規(guī)劃是法律系統(tǒng)化、科學(xué)化的必要手段,是提高立法效率的必由之路。立法規(guī)劃主要是按照啟動(dòng)立法項(xiàng)目、各有權(quán)主體提出立法項(xiàng)目并經(jīng)人大法工委整理匯總及篩查、擬定立法規(guī)劃草案后經(jīng)全國(guó)人大委員長(zhǎng)會(huì)議審議批準(zhǔn)、公布實(shí)施等環(huán)節(jié)實(shí)行。不容樂(lè)觀的是,立法規(guī)劃的實(shí)施效果遠(yuǎn)未達(dá)到制定立法規(guī)劃時(shí)的預(yù)期。究其原因,不論是在立法規(guī)劃的立法項(xiàng)目的申報(bào)過(guò)程中還是立法規(guī)劃制定過(guò)程,乃至立法規(guī)劃實(shí)施過(guò)程中都存在諸多問(wèn)題。筆者通過(guò)探尋導(dǎo)致這些問(wèn)題存在的動(dòng)因,并在細(xì)致分析的基礎(chǔ)上深刻的剖析出立法規(guī)劃制度在我國(guó)存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境。為了使立法規(guī)劃的功能得到充分的體現(xiàn),筆者簡(jiǎn)要論述了中外立法規(guī)劃制度的基本情況,并在此基礎(chǔ)上探討導(dǎo)致中外立法規(guī)劃制度異同的原因。最后,本文提出了一些完善建議。第一,淡化立法規(guī)劃制度對(duì)民主提案的影響;第二,完善立法項(xiàng)目征集制度;第三,對(duì)計(jì)劃外審議進(jìn)入立法計(jì)劃進(jìn)行程序規(guī)制;第四,健全立法規(guī)劃編制程序;第五,加強(qiáng)立法規(guī)劃的實(shí)施保障。
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, legislative planning refers to the right of the subject to adopt scientific legislative techniques and methods, to reasonably predict the needs of the country's political economy, and to follow the established procedures. We have made scientific arrangements and arrangements for the legislative work in the next few years. Since the 8th NPC standing Committee formulated the legislative plan, the five sessions have only been regarded as a practical practice of the NPC standing Committee. Until March 15th 2015, the third session of the 12th National people's Congress voted to amend the Legislative Law of the people's Republic of China. Although the legislative planning system has been established since the birth of our country, The results have not been satisfactory, which has caused some scholars to question the necessity of their existence. To be sure, there will inevitably be some problems in the process of development. But we can't veto it without amendment. In the author's opinion, the legislative planning of our country comes into being because of the urgent need of the law for the social development after the reform and opening up, and the historical conditions that gave birth to this system have not changed fundamentally. From the point of view of the construction of the legal system, legislative planning is a necessary means of systematization and scientization of the law, and is the only way to improve the efficiency of legislation. The legislative planning is mainly based on the initiation of legislative projects. Each body with the right to propose legislative items, collate up and screen them by the NPC legal work Committee, draw up a draft legislative plan, after deliberation and approval by the NPC Chairman's meeting, promulgate the implementation of such links as implementation, etc. What is not optimistic is that. The implementation effect of the legislative planning is far from the expected when the legislative planning is made. The reason is that whether it is in the process of declaring the legislative items of the legislative planning or in the process of making the legislative planning, There are many problems in the implementation of legislative planning. On the basis of careful analysis, the author deeply analyzes the realistic predicament of the legislative planning system in our country. In order to fully reflect the function of the legislative planning, the author briefly discusses the basic situation of the legislative planning system at home and abroad. Finally, this paper puts forward some perfect suggestions. First, desalinate the influence of legislative planning system on democratic proposal; second, perfect the system of legislative project collection; third, We should regulate the procedure of unplanned deliberation and entry into the legislative plan; 4th, perfect the legislative plan compilation procedure; 5th, strengthen the implementation guarantee of the legislative plan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D920.0

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