本文關(guān)鍵詞： 警察權(quán) 武器使用 使用困境 警察權(quán)益　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我們國家改革開放的進(jìn)一步深化,我國國內(nèi)各階層的社會(huì)流動(dòng)和文化交流越發(fā)的頻繁,并且也越來越受到西方思想文化的影響。國家在社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化方面正經(jīng)歷著深刻的變革。在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的過程中,就極易產(chǎn)生一些不和諧的因素,特別是由于社會(huì)流動(dòng)增加和思想文化改變所帶來的社會(huì)治安問題越發(fā)的嚴(yán)重。近幾年,國內(nèi)也了相繼出現(xiàn)了一些暴恐案件,比如:“3.01昆明火車站事件”、13年的“金水橋事件”、09年“烏魯木齊打砸搶事件”等等,社會(huì)公眾對(duì)警察開槍使用武器這些事件也都不再感到陌生,關(guān)注度也越來越高。而警察之所以能夠合法的使用武器主要是因?yàn)榉少x予了警察武器使用權(quán)。警察的武器使用權(quán)是警察權(quán)的重要組成部分,它的合法使用一方面有助于警察實(shí)現(xiàn)法律賦予的職責(zé)——維護(hù)好公共安全和公民合法的人身財(cái)產(chǎn)安全;另一方面也能夠保護(hù)好警察自身的安全。警察權(quán)屬于行政權(quán)的一種,本身就具有一定的膨脹性和寬闊的自由裁量性。武器本身也具有高傷害性,則更容易侵害公民的生命健康權(quán),造成不可挽回的損失。因此,社會(huì)公眾則把更多的目光聚焦到了警察使用武器的合法性和規(guī)范性上,渴求在現(xiàn)有的武器使用制度的基礎(chǔ)上,制定一個(gè)科學(xué)、合理、易操作的武器使用制度。而這就需要我們謹(jǐn)慎的處理好警察的公權(quán)力與公民私權(quán)利之間的關(guān)系。文章通過分析近期社會(huì)上出現(xiàn)的警察使用武器的案例,并對(duì)武器使用制度中相關(guān)的法律規(guī)定進(jìn)行梳理,指出我國目前警察在使用武器的過程中普遍存在著不敢、不會(huì)、不愿使用武器的情況,并指出這些問題的出現(xiàn)主要是因?yàn)橐?guī)范警察武器使用的法律規(guī)定過于原則,不具有操作性。特別是《人民警察使用警械和武器條例》第九條規(guī)定的可以使用武器的情況過于籠統(tǒng),在警察處于可能使用武器那樣危險(xiǎn)的情況下,根本不可能有時(shí)間進(jìn)行詳細(xì)準(zhǔn)確的判斷。在警察使用武器的警告程序方面前后規(guī)定也不一致。并且由于武器使用后一般會(huì)對(duì)公民的人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全產(chǎn)生一定的損害,這就要求我們?cè)谑褂梦淦骱笠ネ咨铺幚硎潞蟮馁r償事宜。因此,文章通過介紹美、英、日三個(gè)國家的警察武器使用制度,并從文化背景、基本特點(diǎn),履行職責(zé)的方式以及未來的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)這幾個(gè)方面做出了比較,以求能夠?qū)ξ覈奈淦魇褂弥贫鹊耐晟铺峁┮恍┙?jīng)驗(yàn)。并從法律依據(jù)的完善,完善武器使用的相關(guān)制度,建立有關(guān)配套使用機(jī)制等幾個(gè)方面,提出了完善我國警察武器使用制度的建議。并且本文除了說明要加強(qiáng)對(duì)于警察武器使用權(quán)的限制之外,更重要的是指出了我們要注意保護(hù)好警察自身的合法權(quán)益,比如建議我們建立心理疏導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)注下警察自身的心理問題;建立和媒體良性溝通機(jī)制,消除公民誤解,樹立警察的執(zhí)法權(quán)威等等,以求能夠真正的完善警察的武器使用制度。
[Abstract]:With the further deepening of our country's reform and opening up, the social mobility and cultural exchange among different strata of our country become more and more frequent, and are more and more influenced by western ideology and culture. Economic and cultural aspects are undergoing profound changes. In the process of social transformation, it is easy to produce some disharmonious factors. Especially due to the increase of social mobility and ideological and cultural changes brought by the social security problems are becoming more and more serious. In recent years, there have been a number of violent terrorist cases in China. For example: "3. 01 Kunming Railway Station incident", 13 years "Jinshui Bridge incident", 2009 "Urumqi smashing and looting incident" and so on. The public is no longer unfamiliar with the use of weapons by the police. The reason why the police can use weapons legally is mainly because the law gives the police the right to use weapons. The right to use weapons is an important part of the police power. On the one hand, its legal use is helpful for the police to realize the duty entrusted by law-to safeguard public safety and citizens' lawful personal and property security; On the other hand, it can also protect the security of the police itself. The police power is a kind of executive power, which has a certain expansion and broad discretion. The weapon itself is also highly harmful. Therefore, the public focus more on the legality and normality of the use of weapons by the police. Desire to develop a scientific and rational system based on the existing weapons use system. Easy to operate weapons use system. And this requires us to carefully handle the relationship between the public power of the police and the private rights of citizens. And the relevant legal provisions in the weapons use system are combed, pointing out that the current police in the use of weapons in the process of generally do not dare, will not, do not want to use weapons. It is pointed out that these problems arise mainly because the legal provisions regulating the use of police weapons are too principled. Not operational... in particular, the circumstances in which weapons may be used under article 9th of the regulations on the use of Police Ordnance and weapons by the people's Police are too general, in cases where the police are as dangerous as the possibility of the use of weapons. It is impossible to have time to make detailed and accurate judgments. There is also inconsistency in the warning procedures for the use of weapons by the police. And since the use of weapons generally results in certain damage to the personal and property safety of citizens. Damage. This requires us to properly deal with the issue of compensation after the use of weapons. Therefore, the article through the introduction of the United States, Britain, Japan, three countries of the police weapons use system, and from the cultural background, basic characteristics. In order to provide some experience for the improvement of the system of weapon use in our country, this paper makes a comparison between the ways of performing duties and the development trend in the future, and from the perfection of legal basis. Improve the relevant system of the use of weapons, the establishment of supporting use mechanism and other aspects. This paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect the system of police weapon use in our country, and in addition to explaining that we should strengthen the restriction of the right to use the police weapon. It is more important to point out that we should pay attention to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the police, such as the establishment of psychological counseling agencies under the attention of the police's own psychological problems; To establish a sound communication mechanism with the media, to eliminate misunderstandings among citizens, to establish the law enforcement authority of the police, and so on, in order to truly improve the weapon use system of the police.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.14

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