本文關(guān)鍵詞： 美國(guó) 全球戰(zhàn)略 日本 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)賠償　出處：《西北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：美國(guó)作為一個(gè)后起的資本主義國(guó)家,其國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略的形成比其他資本主義國(guó)家要晚。在20世紀(jì)初之前,美國(guó)在國(guó)際社會(huì)中一直處于相對(duì)獨(dú)立的狀態(tài),國(guó)家安全沒(méi)有受到嚴(yán)重威脅,美國(guó)政府認(rèn)為這種狀態(tài)可以避免其他國(guó)家與本國(guó)的紛爭(zhēng)。但是隨著歷史的向前推移,這種狀態(tài)已逐漸不適應(yīng)美國(guó)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化發(fā)展的趨勢(shì),美國(guó)不得不轉(zhuǎn)變思維,開(kāi)始制訂其國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略。而對(duì)于日本戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)賠償事務(wù)的參與,則是美國(guó)開(kāi)啟國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)型的契機(jī)。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)賠償則是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后,戰(zhàn)敗國(guó)對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)受害國(guó)物力、財(cái)力等方面的補(bǔ)償行為,它關(guān)系到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)受害國(guó)的損失能否得到公正的補(bǔ)償。另外,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)賠償還是一種對(duì)戰(zhàn)敗國(guó)精神及道義上的譴責(zé)及懲罰,因此戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)賠償在整個(gè)國(guó)際關(guān)系史上就顯得十分重要。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后,美國(guó)實(shí)力大增,開(kāi)始醞釀并籌劃其新的國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略。與此同時(shí),美國(guó)以主要戰(zhàn)勝國(guó)的身份對(duì)戰(zhàn)敗國(guó)日本實(shí)行了單獨(dú)占領(lǐng),因此也就對(duì)日本的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)賠償政策握有相當(dāng)大的主動(dòng)權(quán)。根據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)實(shí)際情況,美國(guó)政府制訂了嚴(yán)苛的對(duì)日賠償政策,以防止日本的法西斯勢(shì)力東山再起。然而,隨著國(guó)際形勢(shì)的不斷變化,美國(guó)在調(diào)整其全球戰(zhàn)略的同時(shí),對(duì)日政策開(kāi)始發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變,對(duì)日本的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)賠償尺度也逐漸放松,甚至一度有過(guò)支持日本不履行賠償義務(wù)的行為。戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)對(duì)日本的賠償政策歷經(jīng)數(shù)次變動(dòng),逐漸寬松,賠償方式也經(jīng)歷了從實(shí)物拆遷賠償?shù)絼趧?wù)賠償再到資本賠償?shù)膬纱无D(zhuǎn)變。這一系列的轉(zhuǎn)變自始至終都是以美國(guó)全球戰(zhàn)略的適時(shí)調(diào)整而隨之轉(zhuǎn)變的。在整個(gè)賠償政策的制訂以及賠償方式的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程中,美國(guó)為其全球戰(zhàn)略披上道德的外衣,將日本的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)賠償納入了其全球戰(zhàn)略的棋局。與此同時(shí),日本也抓住時(shí)機(jī),變被動(dòng)接受美國(guó)安排為主動(dòng)根據(jù)本國(guó)利益對(duì)賠償政策進(jìn)行調(diào)整,努力適應(yīng),不斷將懲罰性的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)賠償轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閺?fù)興本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)道路的方式之一。因此,可以說(shuō)美日兩國(guó)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)賠償問(wèn)題上進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)互利的博弈。
[Abstract]:As a late-rise capitalist country, the United States' national security strategy was formed later than other capitalist countries. Until the beginning of 20th century, the United States had been relatively independent in the international community. There is no serious threat to national security, and the United States government believes that this state of affairs can avoid disputes between other countries and their own countries. But as history goes on, this state of affairs has gradually become unsuited to American politics and economy. In the trend of cultural development, the United States had to change its thinking and begin to formulate its national security strategy. It is the opportunity for the United States to start the transformation of national security strategy. War compensation is the compensation behavior of the defeated countries to the material resources and financial resources of the victims of the war after the end of the war. In addition, war compensation is still a kind of condemnation and punishment to the spirit and morality of the defeated country. Therefore, war compensation is very important in the whole history of international relations. After the second World War, the United States grew in strength and began to plan its new national security strategy. At the same time, the United States began to plan its new national security strategy. The United States, as a major victorious nation, occupied the defeated country Japan separately, so it had a considerable initiative over Japan's war compensation policy, according to the actual situation at that time. The US government has formulated a strict policy of compensation to Japan in order to prevent Japan's fascist forces from reviving. However, with the continuous changes in the international situation, the United States is adjusting its global strategy at the same time. The policy toward Japan began to change, and the measure of war compensation to Japan was gradually relaxed, and there had even been acts of support for Japan's failure to fulfill its compensatory obligations. After the war, the compensation policy of the United States to Japan underwent several changes. Gradually loosening up. The way of compensation has also experienced two changes from physical demolition compensation to labor compensation and then to capital compensation. This series of changes have been followed by the timely adjustment of the global strategy of the United States. In the process of making the policy and changing the compensation method. The United States put a moral coat on its global strategy, including Japan's war compensation in its global strategy chess game. At the same time, Japan also seized the opportunity. Instead of passively accepting the arrangement of the United States as one of the ways to actively adjust the compensation policy according to its own interests, to make efforts to adapt, and to constantly transform punitive war compensation into one of the ways of reviving its own economic path. It can be said that the United States and Japan on the issue of war compensation for a mutually beneficial game.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：K153

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