本文關(guān)鍵詞：重慶市涪陵區(qū)政府績效評估實證研究　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：作為新公共管理的重要組成部分之一,政府績效評估在加強政府責(zé)任、提高政府效率等方面有著舉足輕重的作用,政府績效評估的作用包括了監(jiān)督政府行為、提高政府績效和改善政府形象等方面。政府績效評估作為政府改革的熱點及難點問題,在全世界都備受矚目。政府績效評估是一種具有創(chuàng)新性的政府制度安排,它不僅有利于強化政府方面的監(jiān)督控制力度,同時還能促進政府行政成本的有效降低、提高政府公共服務(wù)質(zhì)量和效率,所以說政府績效評估在促進政府可控性和有效性的平衡方面有積極作用。因此,在新公共管理運行興起的同時,各國政府紛紛開始建立和完善政府績效評估機制,就是為了創(chuàng)建更加穩(wěn)定、更加高效和民主的現(xiàn)代具有時代先進性的政府。而就我國來說,其政治、經(jīng)濟、文化環(huán)境和人民傳統(tǒng)觀念較之于西方社會尤其是英美國家都有著較大差異。這些差異導(dǎo)致我國在進行政府績效評估時,必須立足于具有我國當(dāng)前具體情況,同時具有選擇性的借鑒西方先進理論和成功實踐經(jīng)驗,提煉出符合我國國情的、行之有效的具體實施方案。 現(xiàn)代政府的行政宗旨是向社會公民提供優(yōu)質(zhì)高效率的服務(wù),而政府績效評估的質(zhì)量好壞關(guān)系到每個公民的切身利益,所以政府績效評估受到國內(nèi)外社會廣泛關(guān)注。因此,對政府績效評估的研究具有非常重要的意義。我國政府目前急需解決的重大課題之一,就是如何通過改善政府績效評估,進而引導(dǎo)政府在作為方面有所選擇,樹立起正確的績效觀和價值導(dǎo)向。 在對政府績效評估的分析框架的構(gòu)建時,是要把政府績效評估看做是完整的政府管理的一部分,提高對企業(yè)績效評估的優(yōu)秀方案和經(jīng)驗的重視程度,將它們改進并應(yīng)用到政府績效評估中來,逐步建立起政府績效評估的完整體系,這是我國政府績效評估由基礎(chǔ)層面提升到制度層面的必然選擇。推動政府績效評估不斷發(fā)展,就是要將國外政府績效評估理論與中國國情相結(jié)合,對基礎(chǔ)問題進行系統(tǒng)研究,總結(jié)出具有中國特色、符合中國社會現(xiàn)狀的原創(chuàng)性理論。政府績效評估從價值取向的樹立到確定評估目標(biāo)、評估指標(biāo)及流程的選擇各方面都要系統(tǒng)考慮。本文在對國內(nèi)外優(yōu)秀文獻學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合經(jīng)濟學(xué)、政治學(xué)、會計學(xué)等相關(guān)理論,在公共受托責(zé)任理論的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建出了我國政府績效評估的整體框架。本文在豐富我國政府績效評估理論的同時,對確定評估主體和對象、設(shè)置評估維度、確定評估流程以及信息公開和結(jié)果應(yīng)用方面都做了具體研究,對我國政府績效評估具有一定的參考價值。 本文首先闡述了政府管理理論基礎(chǔ)并以重慶市涪陵區(qū)政府績效評估作為研究對象進行分析,其次系統(tǒng)闡述了西方發(fā)達國家政府績效評估的先進案例及其經(jīng)驗。再次分析了我國政府績效評估中存在的問題。然后再此基礎(chǔ)上分析了造成這些問題的原因。最后針對我國政府績效評估中存在的問題提出了改進的對策。 具體則是從以下五個部分來研究： 一、導(dǎo)論。該部分主要界定相關(guān)概念,闡述本文的選題理由和意義,整理國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究文獻并加以概括。 二、重要概念的定義及績效相關(guān)理論研究。其中理論主要包括公共受托責(zé)任理論、德爾菲法理論和平衡計分卡理論。德爾菲法是根據(jù)調(diào)查人的需求擬定調(diào)查材料,專家間不能發(fā)生直接接觸,避免了權(quán)威、專家意見發(fā)表不充分、固執(zhí)己見等對結(jié)果的影響。因此該方法具有廣泛的代表性,較為可靠。平衡計分卡可以用作企業(yè)的日常管理同時也是一項績效考核常用的理論工具。 三、西方發(fā)達國家績效評估案例與經(jīng)驗。通過對英美等國家政府績效管理的實踐經(jīng)驗的深入研究,總結(jié)其中對我國績效評估有益的經(jīng)驗。 四、對重慶涪陵區(qū)績效評估實踐的分析。從涪陵區(qū)政府開展績效評估的情況發(fā)現(xiàn)該區(qū)績效評估實踐中的主要問題,并分析導(dǎo)致這些問題的原因。 五、對政府績效評估系統(tǒng)的改進建議和思考。根據(jù)政府的價值取向確定出該地區(qū)的政府管理目標(biāo),設(shè)置符合情況的績效維度,進而選擇合適的績效指標(biāo),優(yōu)化政府績效評估體系,提出幾點關(guān)于政府績效管理的新思路。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the new public management, government performance evaluation to strengthen the responsibility of the government, plays an important role in improving government efficiency, government performance evaluation function including supervising government behavior, improve government performance and improve the image of the government and so on. Government performance evaluation is a hot and difficult problem in the whole of government reform. The world have attracted much attention. The government performance evaluation is an innovative system of government arrangement, it is not only conducive to strengthen the supervision and control of the government, but also promote effectively reduce administrative costs, improve public service quality and efficiency, so that the government performance evaluation has a positive effect in promoting the balance of government control and effective. Therefore, the rise of the new public management operation at the same time, governments have started to establish and improve the government performance evaluation The mechanism, is to create a more stable, more efficient and modern democracy has advanced age and the government. As for China, its political, economic, cultural environment and people's traditional concepts in western society especially Anglo American countries have great differences. These differences result in our country government performance evaluation, must based on the current situation of our country has a specific, selective and drawing lessons from the western advanced theory and successful practice, to extract the line with China's national conditions, the specific implementation plan effective.
The modern government administrative purpose is to provide high-quality efficient social services to citizens and the government performance evaluation quality is directly related to the vital interests of every citizen, so the government performance evaluation by the domestic and foreign widespread concern. Therefore, the research on the government performance evaluation has a very important significance. One of the major task of our government is urgently needed to solve, is how to improve the government performance evaluation, and guide the government to have a choice as, to establish a correct concept of performance and value orientation.
In the analysis of the construction of the framework of government performance evaluation, is to make the government performance evaluation as part of the complete management of the government, improve the degree of attention of excellent project evaluation on enterprise performance and experience, they will be improved and applied to government performance assessment, and gradually establish a complete system of government performance evaluation. This is the inevitable choice by the basic level to the system level of the government performance evaluation in our country. To promote the development of government performance evaluation, is to put the theory of foreign government performance evaluation and Chinese conditions combined into system on the basis of the problems, summed up with Chinese characteristics, the original theory accords with the present situation of China society. Government performance evaluation to determine the evaluation target from the value orientation to establish the evaluation index, and process selection should consider the system. Based on the domestic and foreign outstanding literature based learning On the basis, combined with economics, political science, accounting and other related theories, on the basis of public accountability theory, constructs the framework of government performance evaluation in our country. In this paper enrich our government performance evaluation theory at the same time, to determine the assessment subject and object, set the evaluation dimensions, determine the evaluation process and information open and application results are made specific research, has a certain reference value for government performance evaluation in China.
This paper first introduces the basic theory of government administration and the Chongqing District of Fuling city government performance evaluation as the research object analysis system, secondly describes advanced experiences and case assessment in western developed countries, government performance. Thirdly analyzes the existing government performance evaluation in our country. Then based on the analysis of the causes of these problems finally the paper puts forward the countermeasures aiming at the existing problems in government performance evaluation.
Specifically, it is studied from the following five parts:
First, introduction. This part mainly defines the relevant concepts, expounds the reasons and significance of the topic, collating the relevant literature at home and abroad and generalizes it.
Two, the definition of important concepts and performance related theory research. The theory includes the theory of public accountability, the theory of Delphy theory and the balanced scorecard. Delphy Fa is based on the investigation of the needs of people to survey materials, experts can not directly contact, avoid the authority of expert opinion published is not sufficient, influence on the results of the stubborn. So this method has wide representation, more reliable. The balanced scorecard can be used in the daily management of the enterprise is also a theory of performance appraisal tools commonly used.
Three, western developed countries' performance evaluation cases and experiences. Through in-depth research on the practice experience of government performance management in Britain and the United States, we summarize the useful experience of performance evaluation in China.
Four, the performance evaluation practice in Fuling District of Chongqing is analyzed. From the performance evaluation conducted by Fuling district government, we find the main problems in the performance evaluation practice, and analyze the reasons leading to these problems.
Five, improvement suggestions on government performance evaluation system. Determine the objectives of government management in the region according to the value orientation of the government, set up in line with the performance dimensions, and then select the appropriate performance indicators, optimization of government performance evaluation system, put forward new ideas about government performance management points.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D630

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