本文關鍵詞：中西方對外傳播話語權制度建構的比較研究　出處：《武漢大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 新聞制度 對外傳播 話語權 制度權力 中西比較

【摘要】：當代社會是由若干相互競爭且半自主的制度秩序所構成。制度是一種權力關系,社會制度的功能體現在其權力行使中。新聞制度因其“社會介質”的制度特性而成為社會整體制度沖突與互動的平臺。在對新聞制度的社會行為結果作出解釋時,一方面要考量新聞制度本身的制度自主性所產生的制度效率,同時更需將其與社會制度環(huán)境因素之間的相互作用優(yōu)先加以評估才具有足夠的闡釋力。 本文將影響新聞制度行為結果的社會制度權力關系因素主要概括為國家政治制度、經濟制度和社會文化制度三要素。新聞制度與其他社會制度(主要是政治經濟制度)之間的權力關系以及新聞制度自身的權力因素將共同作用于新聞話語的制度化形塑過程以及結果。 對外傳播話語權是新聞制度對國家話語的建構結果。話語權建構是處在特定制度情境即社會權力關系中的新聞制度,通過話語建構來行使其制度權力、建構社會現實的過程。話語的制度建構過程是制度(權力關系)運用話語(符號權力)建構社會想象和社會認同,并通過制度化、職業(yè)化和一體化的實施,最終實現社會現實建構的過程。新聞制度是話語權建構過程的實施者,也是話語權建構結果的決定因素之一 社會制度權力的行使是指權力關系通過社會現實建構來實現其社會生活的“普遍存在”,權力的行使者運用制度權力建構“普遍真理”并框架社會行為。所謂“普遍真理”,意即社會權力的“知識”框架,是社會制度權力的擁有者(民族國家或群體)建構、傳播以供人們應用的一整套社會標準和規(guī)范體系。在特定的社會制度情境中,話語實踐的權力關系模式形成了正式的“知識”系統(tǒng),新聞制度既是知識系統(tǒng)的參與建構者同時也是知識的介質系統(tǒng),話語的建構過程亦是知識系統(tǒng)的框架過程。 基于對制度行為的效果評估,本文建構了較為廣泛的新聞制度分析框架,將新聞制度與整體社會制度之間的互動關系一起納入影響話語權建構這一社會行為結果的影響因素分析的概念框架中,用以評估新聞制度的有效性,同時也解釋了新聞制度的社會權力關系對制度行為的影響。 中西方新聞制度的差異,究其根源是中西方新聞制度理論原則的根本差異。在中西方對外傳播話語權制度建構的發(fā)展歷程中,中西方新聞制度的原則差異決定了其話語建構過程和結果的根本差異,其中話語沖突是政治制度根本差異的最顯著符號表征。對新聞事件和新聞話語的接近是制度權力話語再現的主要元素,本文通過對中美兩國對外傳播媒體的新聞話語分析驗證了中西方社會制度優(yōu)先權力順序的差異以及權力壟斷程度和媒介文化的不同。 中西方對外傳播話語權建構差異的制度影響因素主要來自新聞的社會制度權力關系模式的差異,它導致了新聞制度權力的制度偏好與差異,其中政治制度和經濟制度對新聞話語生產功能的促進和抑制是話語建構差異的最顯著制度影響因素。通過對中美兩國媒體的政治話語進行內容分析,本文系統(tǒng)證明了經濟驅動型的美國新聞制度與政治驅動型的中國新聞制度在新聞話語基調和新聞圖式使用中呈現的顯著差異。商業(yè)化的洶涌浪潮正在逐漸消減中西方國家的經濟差距,對外傳播中的新聞話語功能也呈現國際融合的趨勢,然而受政治制度影響的中西方新聞話語框架差異卻幾乎未曾改變。 對外傳播話語權的制度建構是新聞制度對話語生產的專業(yè)化和制度化建構過程。按照社會結構二重性的觀點,建構中國標準的新聞專業(yè)化權力即新聞知識系統(tǒng)的制度化,以及從國家介入的角度,建立更具制度分配優(yōu)勢的話語傳播新機制,將是我國媒體在激烈競爭的國際傳播中提升對外傳播話語權的制度優(yōu)化路徑。
[Abstract]:The contemporary society is composed of several competing order system and semi autonomous system. Is a kind of power relation, social system function embodied in the exercise of power. The news system because the system characteristics of the "social media" and become the social conflict and interaction system of the whole platform. In the explanation of social behavior of news system the results, on the one hand to produce independent institutional efficiency considerations news institution itself, but also the interaction between the social system and environmental factors have priority evaluated explanatory power enough.
The social system will affect the power factor of news system behavior results mainly summarized as the national political system, economic system and social culture system. The three elements of the news system and other social systems (mainly the political and economic system) and the power relations between the power factor of the news itself will help institutionalized in news discourse form the plastic process and results.
External communication discourse is the result of the construction of national discourse in news discourse. The system construction is in a specific institutional context that social power relations in the news system, through the discourse construction to exercise their power system, the construction process of the social reality. The process of constructing discourse system is a system (power) by discourse (symbolic power construction) social imagination and social identity, and through the system, the implementation of occupation and integration, and ultimately the process of the construction of social reality. News discourse system is the implementation of the construction process, and it is also one of the decisive factors of discourse construction construction results
The social system of the exercise of power refers to the power relations through the construction of social reality to realize the social life of "universal", an exercise of power by using power system to construct the "universal truth" and the framework of social behavior. The so-called "universal truth", which means the social power of the "knowledge" is the social system framework, the holders of power (nation or group) to construct a set of standards and norms, social communication system for people to use. In the social system in a particular situation, discourse practice power mode to form the formal "knowledge" system, news system is a knowledge system in the construction of media system is also the knowledge of the construction process of discourse it is the frame of knowledge system.
Evaluation on system behavior based on the construction of a relatively wide range of news system analysis framework, the interaction between news system and overall social system together into the conceptual framework to analyze influencing factors of discourse construction of the social behavior results in the effectiveness evaluation system of the news, but also explained. The news system of social power relations of the system behavior.
The differences between Chinese and Western news system, the reason is the fundamental differences between Chinese and Western news system theory principle. The development process of construction of Western foreign media discourse right in the principle, the differences between Chinese and Western news system determines the fundamental differences in the discourse construction process and results, which is the most significant Conflict Discourse symbols of political system fundamental differences. Close to news events and news discourse is the main element of the system of power discourse representation, based on news discourse analysis of the two countries foreign media to verify the social system of Western power and power order of priority between monopoly and media culture.
In the dissemination of Western foreign construction of institutional factors were mainly from news relationship model of social power system differences, which led to the preference system news system power and differences, the political and economic system of news discourse production function promotion and inhibition is the most significant factor affecting the system difference. The content of discourse construction through the analysis of political discourse of Chinese and American media, this paper proved the significant difference of economy driven by U.S. News and political system driven China news system in news discourse and tone news schema is used. The commercial tide is gradually reducing the economic gap in western countries, the news discourse function in external communication the present international integration trend, but in the Western news discourse frame difference by the political system has almost no influence Once changed.
The construction of external communication discourse system is a specialized and systematic construction of news discourse production system. According to the duality of social structure point of view, the system of news professional power construction China standard: news of knowledge system, and from the angle of state intervention, establishing a more dominant discourse system of the distribution of the spread of new mechanism. Is the system path optimization of China's media to promote international communication discourse in the international media in the fierce competition.

【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G206
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本文編號：1364185