本文關(guān)鍵詞：系統(tǒng)效應(yīng)與帝國過度擴(kuò)張的形成:漢武帝大戰(zhàn)略的再審視　出處：《外交評論(外交學(xué)院學(xué)報)》2017年03期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 漢武帝 過度擴(kuò)張 系統(tǒng)效應(yīng) 對外戰(zhàn)略 西漢匈奴

【摘要】：本文旨在討論漢武帝對外大戰(zhàn)略的演進(jìn),分析帝國擴(kuò)張過度而調(diào)整滯后的原因。帝國的對外拓展是一個不斷應(yīng)對內(nèi)外約束的能動過程,其阻力與風(fēng)險始終存在。對此,執(zhí)政者往往并非無知,而是試圖通過動員、汲取及整合能力的提升來突破限制,進(jìn)而維持進(jìn)取態(tài)勢及其成果。但是,其中不少政策雖能迅速產(chǎn)生效果,但其對政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的長期扭曲效應(yīng)卻意味著更大的反噬危險。漢武帝前期的征伐很快消耗了漢初多年休養(yǎng)生息的積累,然而各種危機(jī)征兆并沒有催生戰(zhàn)略收縮,卻刺激了一系列以"興利"為中心的改革并不斷加碼。這些政策一度克服了財政困難,助長了武帝進(jìn)一步開拓的雄心,推動征伐不斷升級。但是,就在支撐武帝對外窮兵黷武、對內(nèi)窮奢極欲的同時,征伐擴(kuò)張與興利汲取的長期負(fù)面效果也在不斷累積,最終導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重的軍事挫折和內(nèi)政危機(jī)。在巫盅之變等事件的刺激下,垂暮之年的漢武帝最終暫停對外征伐,開啟了昭宣時代政策調(diào)整的先聲。武帝朝大戰(zhàn)略的歷史經(jīng)驗啟示我們要重視戰(zhàn)略實踐的系統(tǒng)效應(yīng),注意辨析政策的短期效應(yīng)與長期影響,在實踐中保持充分的戰(zhàn)略彈性與戰(zhàn)略審慎。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to discuss the evolution of Emperor Wudi's foreign strategy, and to analyze the reasons for the excessive expansion of the empire, which is a dynamic process of dealing with the internal and external constraints. Its resistance and risk always exist. To this, the rulers are not ignorant, but try to break through the limitation by mobilizing, absorbing and integrating the ability to improve, and then maintain the enterprising trend and its achievements. Although many of these policies can produce effects quickly, their long-term distorting effect on political economy means a greater risk of anti-eating. The early period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty quickly consumed the accumulation of recuperation and recuperation in the early Han Dynasty. However, the signs of crisis did not lead to a strategic contraction, but stimulated a series of "profit-centric" reforms and continued to add. These policies once overcome financial difficulties, and encouraged Emperor Wu's ambition to further develop. Promote the constant upgrading of cutting. However, in support of the external militaristic Wu emperor, the extravagant desire to the inside, the long-term negative effects of conquest expansion and prosperity are also accumulating. Finally led to serious military setbacks and internal affairs crisis. In the witch-cup changes and other events stimulated by the end of the Han Dynasty Emperor finally suspended the foreign expedition. The historical experience of the Great Strategy of the Emperor Wu Dynasty revealed that we should pay attention to the systematic effect of the strategic practice and pay attention to the analysis of the short-term and long-term effects of the policy. Maintain sufficient strategic flexibility and strategic prudence in practice.
【作者單位】： 上海交通大學(xué)國際與公共事務(wù)學(xué)院;牛津大學(xué)大學(xué)學(xué)院;
【分類號】：D829
【正文快照】： 西漢是中國古代中原王朝對外關(guān)系基本格局的形成時期。在西漢王朝對外戰(zhàn)略的演進(jìn)中,“雄才大略”的漢武帝扮演了關(guān)鍵角色。在西漢前期休養(yǎng)生息、國力恢復(fù)的基礎(chǔ)上,漢武帝轉(zhuǎn)向進(jìn)攻性戰(zhàn)略,大舉用兵四境,在開疆拓土、臣服周邊的同時也釀成了重大危機(jī)。以武帝末年的“輪臺詔”為發(fā)，

本文編號：1357793