發(fā)布時間：2018-06-19 23:35

  本文選題：遺囑信托 + 價值�。� 參考：《復旦大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：相對于傳統(tǒng)的財產(chǎn)傳承方式,遺囑信托具有獨特的制度優(yōu)越性,這也是大陸法系國家普遍引進該制度的原因。但因該制度源于英美法系并具有以普通法與衡平法分立為基礎的特殊性,這導致大陸法系國家對該制度的移植并不如預想中的順利。隨著遺囑信托在大陸法系國家實踐的增多,人們對該制度的認識也不斷得以深化,從最初的制度移植已經(jīng)過渡到目前主流的功能性移植,這確實是法律上的進步,也給人們的實踐帶來便利。本文認為,功能性移植固然是大陸法系國家認知上的一個重要進步,但我們并不能僅僅將遺囑信托看成是法律工具,更需要將其當作是一種法律追求。在對遺囑信托進行功能性移植的過程中,必須充分認識到其功能背后的價值取向,這樣才能避免因為純粹的功能移植所引起的制度本身的異化。限于篇幅與行文的緊湊,本文規(guī)避了對遺囑信托的特性、概念辨析、必要性、可行性等基礎理論的闡述,開篇直接梳理了遺囑信托的歷史概況。從其最原始的發(fā)展軌跡中我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)該制度是以普通法與衡平法二元分立的法律體系為基礎,以提高人們遺囑活動的自由度與效率性為目的的制度�；诖�,我們抽象出遺囑信托三個內(nèi)在價值,即自由,效率和秩序。遺囑信托所涉及的繼承法與信托法均屬私法的范疇,私法強調(diào)對人民權利的保障,最大限度的賦予人們行為的自由,自由價值實乃遺囑信托的目的性價值。而效率性則符合了人們在繼承制度框架內(nèi)尋求成本最小化運作方式的需要,是信托法所固有的價值追求。另外,遺囑信托秩序價值的實現(xiàn)不僅為遺囑自由、效率的實現(xiàn)提供強有力的保障,同時又為遺囑自由、效率價值的范圍劃定了界限。以此三維價值為框架,本文進而構建了遺囑信托相關的外圍制度來保障這三個價值之間的平衡。當然,許多具體制度并未充分展開,概因本文只是試圖通過對外圍制度的論述來構建出遺囑信托的整體結構,并從對這一整體結構的反觀中發(fā)現(xiàn)遺囑信托制度不能符合自由、效率和秩序價值的缺失之處。當然,這一工作尚需經(jīng)由進一步、更為細致化的研究工作來實現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Compared with the traditional way of inheritance of property, testamentary trust has unique system superiority, which is also the reason why civil law countries generally introduce this system. However, the system originated from the common law system and has the particularity based on the separation of the common law and the equity law, which led to the transplant of the system in the countries of the civil law system was not as smooth as expected. With the increasing practice of testamentary trust in civil law countries, people's understanding of the system has been deepened, from the original system transplantation to the current mainstream functional transplantation, which is indeed a legal progress. It also brings convenience to people's practice. This paper holds that functional transplantation is an important progress in the cognition of civil law countries, but we can not only regard testamentary trust as a legal tool, but also regard it as a legal pursuit. In the process of functional transplantation of testamentary trust, we must fully realize the value orientation behind its function, so as to avoid the alienation of system itself caused by pure functional transplantation. Limited to the compactness of space and writing, this paper evades the elaboration of the basic theories of testamentary trust, such as characteristics, concept discrimination, necessity, feasibility and so on. At the beginning of this paper, the historical overview of testamentary trust is directly combed out. From its original development track, we can find that the system is based on the dualistic legal system of common law and equity, and aims to improve the degree of freedom and efficiency of people's wills. Based on this, we abstract three intrinsic values of testamentary trust: freedom, efficiency and order. The inheritance law and trust law involved in testamentary trust belong to the category of private law. Private law emphasizes the protection of people's rights, gives people the freedom to act to the maximum extent, and the free value is the purposeful value of testamentary trust. Efficiency meets the need of minimizing cost within the framework of inheritance system and is the inherent value pursuit of trust law. In addition, the realization of the order value of testamentary trust not only provides a strong guarantee for the realization of testamentary freedom and efficiency, but also delimits the range of testamentary freedom and efficiency value. Based on the three-dimensional value, this paper constructs the peripheral system of testamentary trust to ensure the balance between the three values. Of course, many specific systems have not been fully developed, because this paper only attempts to construct the whole structure of testamentary trust through the discussion of peripheral system, and from the reflection of this whole structure, finds that the testamentary trust system cannot accord with the freedom. The deficiency of efficiency and order value. Of course, this work needs to be further, more detailed research to achieve.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.282;D923.5

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本文編號：2041840