本文選題：中國農(nóng)地流轉 + 信托模式��； 參考：《西南財經(jīng)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)是我國國民經(jīng)濟的基礎,“三農(nóng)”問題一直是我國改革開放的重點事項和任務,學界關于“三農(nóng)”的研究和討論及相應的成果也一直頗豐。農(nóng)地流轉這一主題與“三農(nóng)”問題有著十分密切的聯(lián)系。在農(nóng)地實施家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包制以來,我國農(nóng)村土地流轉制度處在不斷的改革變化過程中,并逐步形成了以轉租、轉包、轉讓、互換為主的農(nóng)地流轉方式,這些方式都有助于農(nóng)戶與農(nóng)戶、農(nóng)戶與種植大戶或農(nóng)業(yè)公司間實現(xiàn)農(nóng)地的流轉。進入新世紀以來,隨著農(nóng)村人地矛盾關系的繼續(xù)深化,在農(nóng)地流轉制度方面也產(chǎn)生了一些更為靈活、更具創(chuàng)新的流轉方式,比如,以農(nóng)地入股或參股合作的流轉方式,政府設立的公益性土地服務中心的流轉方式,村委會參與的反租倒包的流轉方式,這類流轉方式均由中介機構參與組織,在一定程度上促進了農(nóng)地的流轉效率提高,同時也存在很多的問題。譬如,政府干預過度,農(nóng)戶利益受損,欺農(nóng)、壓農(nóng)的現(xiàn)象不斷發(fā)生等等。農(nóng)村土地流轉制度面臨著進一步改進和創(chuàng)新的必要。 農(nóng)地信托流轉模式是農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權流轉的一種創(chuàng)新形式。本質上,它仍堅持農(nóng)地集體所有權和農(nóng)民承包權穩(wěn)定,農(nóng)地使用用途不改變?yōu)榍疤?堅持農(nóng)地承包經(jīng)營權持有人自愿有償?shù)脑瓌t。通過運用市場化機制,引進市場性的組織——商業(yè)信托公司,發(fā)揮其流轉和金融中介的作用,提高了我國農(nóng)地流轉的效率,有利于各參與主體利益訴求的滿足,建立了良性的經(jīng)濟關系。 本文以中國農(nóng)地流轉信托模式為題,基于筆者的經(jīng)濟學專業(yè)背景,結合了信托理論、金融創(chuàng)新理論、交易費用理論、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟理論等對農(nóng)地流轉信托展開研究與分析。通過理順農(nóng)地流轉信托在我國的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展歷程,農(nóng)地流轉信托基本模式,制約其發(fā)展的因素和相應的對策建議,以期能夠為農(nóng)地流轉信托將來在我國的發(fā)展提供一定的建議和對策。 文章開篇是緒論章,前兩節(jié)主要介紹選題的背景,選題的意義,主要的研究框架和內容,主要研究方法,為文章的整個研究作了研究的準備和鋪墊。接下來是理論基礎,文中主要運用的信托學理論、金融創(chuàng)新理論、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟理論和交易費用理論。然后是文獻綜述的回顧,闡述了國外對土地信托相關研究的主要方向和重點,開展土地信托采取的模式及其意義。最后一節(jié)是說明筆者論文的主要創(chuàng)新和不足之處。作為對農(nóng)地流轉信托系統(tǒng)地研究,本文存在一定的創(chuàng)新點,包括對農(nóng)地流轉信托的定義,農(nóng)地流轉信托產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的梳理,農(nóng)地流轉信托基本模式,以及運用逆向選擇理論,博弈分析工具的運用來闡述農(nóng)地流轉信托運行效率的制約因素等。另外,出于筆者知識和閱歷的有限,論文也存在一定的不足,比如缺乏以數(shù)據(jù)為基礎的定量的研究,使得科學性和嚴謹性有所欠缺。 第二章主要是闡述中國農(nóng)地流轉信托的興起。首先,該章對農(nóng)地流轉信托的內涵界定,對典型的農(nóng)地流轉信托項目——中信·農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權集合信托計劃1301期進行簡要的介紹,使讀者對農(nóng)地流轉信托有了更為具體的認識。接著,分析我國農(nóng)地流轉信托發(fā)展的重大意義。筆者認為,農(nóng)地流轉信托是當前我國農(nóng)地流轉方式存在的問題和缺陷所引致而產(chǎn)生的,通過引入市場化的中介機制,提高了農(nóng)民流轉的積極性；農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營公司獲得了農(nóng)地承包經(jīng)營權和農(nóng)地經(jīng)營資金,解決了“雙重困境”；信托公司適時擴大業(yè)務范圍,創(chuàng)造了新的利潤增長點；有利于加強對農(nóng)地經(jīng)營的監(jiān)管,保障了委托人的收益；農(nóng)地大面積、成片利用能實現(xiàn)規(guī)模效益,提高土地資源的利用效率等重大意義。最后,本章也詳細地描述了農(nóng)地流轉信托在我國的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展歷程,包括其雛形階段以及當前的發(fā)展狀況,介紹其發(fā)展規(guī)模、范圍、主要的信托計劃和參與的信托公司等。 第三章是對農(nóng)地流轉信托基本模式的分析。通過梳理基本模式,也就論證了農(nóng)地流信托的基本機制。首先,分析了農(nóng)地信托基本結構,以直觀地展示農(nóng)地流轉信托。其次,就農(nóng)地流轉信托模式的各個參與主體進行了介紹,包括土地承包經(jīng)營權持有人、信托公司、信托投資者、農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營公司等。然后,總結分析了農(nóng)地流轉信托運作的整個流程,從信托計劃的準備階段,信托計劃運行以及信托計劃退出各個階段。再次,從信托產(chǎn)品的設計角度分析農(nóng)地流轉信托模式,梳理信托產(chǎn)品連結的經(jīng)濟關系,重點分析了各主體間的關系,委托人與商業(yè)信托公司、商業(yè)信托公司與農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營公司等,以及相互之間的經(jīng)濟利益關系和權利義務的配置關系。 第四章分析的是制約我國農(nóng)地流轉信托運行效率的主要因素。從農(nóng)地流轉信托計劃運行效率的角度提出,認為當前我國農(nóng)地流轉信托的推廣和發(fā)展還存在著一系列的制約因素：農(nóng)地權屬不清造成信托交易障礙；農(nóng)地質量博弈導致農(nóng)地流轉市場的逆向選擇；農(nóng)地流轉信托產(chǎn)品連結異化形成制度沖突等。其中,對農(nóng)地流轉信托市場的逆向選擇問題,筆者運用了博弈論的分析,通過變量的假設,結合信息不對稱理論,分析了農(nóng)戶與信托公司在農(nóng)地委托受托過程中的行為策略方式,并計算了相應的支付結果,列出支付矩陣,得出矩陣的納什均衡解,結果顯示,農(nóng)地質量差異導致的逆向選擇將嚴重影響到農(nóng)地流轉信托業(yè)務質量,制約我國農(nóng)地流轉信托市場的進一步發(fā)展壯大。 最后針對當前的農(nóng)地流轉信托效率制約因素提出了完善農(nóng)地流轉信托模式的建議和措施,文中從商業(yè)信托公司、信托委托人以及政府的角度進行。從商業(yè)信托公司角度來說,要建立公正、透明的農(nóng)地價值的評估體系,對農(nóng)地分等和定級,實行差別地租；嚴格規(guī)范信托產(chǎn)品連結,端正自身經(jīng)營方式和行為；實行嚴格的農(nóng)地信托流轉財產(chǎn)的登記工作,保障委托方利益。從委托方角度來說,提高對農(nóng)地流轉信托的認識,提高維護自身權利和利益的意識。從政府的角度來說,要進一步擴大農(nóng)地確權登記頒證試點,明確我國農(nóng)地的權屬；成立農(nóng)地流轉信托監(jiān)管機構,加強對農(nóng)地流轉的監(jiān)管；完善農(nóng)地流轉和經(jīng)營的法律法規(guī),規(guī)范信托公司和農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營公司的行為。 文章的研究結論認為,農(nóng)地流轉信托作為一種金融創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品,能夠很好地滿足各個信托參與主體的利益訴求,能夠使各主體間建立起良性的經(jīng)濟關系和權利義務的配置,能夠促進我國農(nóng)村土地的流轉,有利于中國農(nóng)地流轉效率的提高,有利于中國農(nóng)地經(jīng)營的規(guī)�；⒓s化水平的提高,有利于我國農(nóng)地資源的利用效率的提高。但是,實踐中中國農(nóng)地流轉信托尚不成熟和規(guī)范,其運行效率的提高還存在著多種制約因素,需要從信托產(chǎn)品交易的各個參與主體采取合理的對策措施,為完善中國農(nóng)地流轉信托模式創(chuàng)造條件。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the basis of our national economy, and the issue of "three rural" has always been the key issue and task of China's reform and opening up. The research and discussion and the corresponding achievements of the "three rural" have always been quite abundant in the academic circles. The theme of the agricultural land transfer is closely related to the "three rural" problems. The rural land transfer system in China is in the process of continuous reform and change, and gradually forms the rural land transfer mode based on sublease, subcontracting, transfer and exchange. These methods all help farmers and farmers, farmers and farmers and agricultural companies to realize the transfer of farmland. Since the new century, with the contradictions in rural people and land relations. Further deepening, there are some more flexible and more innovative circulation modes in the agricultural land transfer system, for example, the circulation mode of agricultural land or share cooperation, the circulation mode of public welfare land service center set up by the government and the circulation mode of the villager committee participating in the reverse sublease of the village committee, which are all involved in the intermediary agencies. The organization, to a certain extent, has promoted the efficiency of the transfer of farmland, and there are also many problems. For example, the excessive government intervention, the damage of farmers' interests, the phenomenon of bullying the agriculture and the pressing of agriculture, etc., and so on. The rural land transfer system is faced with the need for further improvement and innovation.
The mode of land trust transfer is an innovative form of the transfer of farmland management right. In essence, it still insists on the stability of the collective ownership of farmland and the farmers' right to contract, the use of farmland is not changed as the premise, the principle of voluntary compensation for the holders of the farmland contract management right. The trust company, playing its circulation and the role of financial intermediaries, has improved the efficiency of the transfer of agricultural land in China, and is conducive to the satisfaction of the interests of the participants, and has established a benign economic relationship.
In this paper, based on the Chinese land transfer trust model, based on the author's professional background of economics, it combines the theory of trust, the theory of financial innovation, the theory of transaction cost, the theory of scale economy and so on. In order to provide some suggestions and Countermeasures for the future development of rural land transfer trust in China.
The first two sections are the introduction chapter, the first two sections mainly introduce the background of the topic, the significance of the topic, the main research framework and content, the main research methods, the preparation and paving for the whole research of the article. The next is the theoretical basis, the main application of the trust theory, the financial innovation theory, the scale economy theory and the transaction cost. Then, it reviews the literature review, expounds the main direction and focus of the research on land trust abroad, the mode and its significance to carry out the land trust. The last section is the main innovation and shortcomings of the author's thesis. As a research on the land transfer trust system, the paper has some innovation points, including the The definition of land transfer trust, the formation and development of land transfer trust, the basic model of land transfer trust, and the use of the theory of reverse selection and the use of game analysis tools to explain the restrictive factors of the efficiency of rural land transfer trust, and the limitations of the author's knowledge and experience, such as the limitations of the paper, such as Lack of quantitative research based on data makes scientific and preciseness lacking.
The second chapter mainly expounds the rise of the land transfer trust of China. First, the chapter defines the connotation of the land transfer trust, and briefly introduces the 1301 period of the typical rural land transfer trust project, the set trust plan of the rural land contract management right, so that the readers have a more specific understanding of the agricultural land transfer trust. This paper analyzes the great significance of the development of the land transfer trust in China. The author believes that the rural land transfer trust is caused by the existing problems and defects of the current mode of rural land transfer in China. Through the introduction of the intermediary mechanism of the market, the enthusiasm of the farmers' circulation has been improved. The agricultural management companies have obtained the land contract management right and the agricultural land management. Funds have solved the "double predicament"; trust companies expand their scope of business at the right time and create new profit growth points; it is beneficial to strengthen the supervision of agricultural land management and guarantee the income of the clients; the large area of farmland can realize scale efficiency and improve the utilization efficiency of land resources. Finally, this chapter is also detailed. This paper describes the course of the production and development of the land transfer trust in China, including its embryonic stage and current development situation, and introduces its development scale, scope, main trust plans and participating trust companies.
The third chapter is an analysis of the basic model of the land transfer trust. By combing the basic model, the basic mechanism of the land flow trust is demonstrated. First, the basic structure of the land trust is analyzed to display the land transfer trust directly. Secondly, the various participants of the land transfer trust model are introduced, including the land contract management. Right holders, trust companies, trust investors, agricultural companies and so on. Then, the whole process of land transfer trust operation is summarized and analyzed, from the stage of preparation of the trust plan, the operation of trust plan and the exit of trust plan. Thirdly, the trust model is analyzed and the trust products are combed from the point of setting up the trust products. The linked economic relationship focuses on the relationship between the various subjects, the client and the commercial trust company, the commercial trust company and the agricultural business company, as well as the relationship between the economic interests and the rights and obligations between each other.
The fourth chapter analyzes the main factors that restrict the efficiency of the rural land transfer trust operation. From the perspective of the operation efficiency of the land transfer trust plan, it is considered that there are still a series of restrictive factors in the promotion and development of the current land transfer trust in China: the lack of land ownership has caused the trust transaction barriers, and the farm land quality game leads to farmers. The reverse selection of the land circulation market and the alienation of the agricultural land transfer trust products form the system conflict. Among them, the author uses the game theory to analyze the reverse choice of the land transfer trust market, and analyzes the actions of farmers and trust companies in the entrusting process of agricultural land through the hypothesis of variables and the theory of information asymmetry. For the strategy, the corresponding payment results are calculated, the payment matrix is listed, and the Nash equilibrium solution of the matrix is obtained. The result shows that the adverse selection caused by the land quality difference will seriously affect the quality of the land transfer trust business, and restricts the development of the land transfer trust market in China.
Finally, the suggestions and measures to improve the land transfer trust model are proposed in view of the current constraints on the efficiency of rural land transfer trust, from the perspective of commercial trust companies, trust trustees and the government. From the perspective of commercial trust companies, a fair and transparent evaluation system of farmland value should be established, and the farmland classification and grading should be established. Carry out different land rent; strictly regulate the link of trust products, correct the way and behavior of their own management; carry out the strict registration of the land trust circulation property, guarantee the interests of the principal. From the point of view of the principal, improve the awareness of the land transfer trust and improve the consciousness of safeguarding the rights and interests of its own. From the point of view of the government, it is necessary. We should further expand the pilot of the registration of farmland right registration, clarify the ownership of agricultural land in our country, establish the regulatory agency of farmland transfer trust, strengthen the supervision of the circulation of farmland, improve the laws and regulations of the circulation and management of farmland, and standardize the behavior of the trust companies and the agricultural management companies.
The conclusion of the paper is that, as a kind of financial innovation product, the land transfer trust can satisfy the interest demands of the various trusts, and can establish a benign economic relationship and the allocation of rights and obligations among the various subjects, and can promote the circulation of rural land in China, and be beneficial to the improvement of the efficiency of the rural land circulation in China. It is beneficial to the scale of agricultural land management in China and the improvement of intensive level, which is beneficial to the improvement of the efficiency of the utilization of agricultural land resources in China. However, in practice, China's land transfer trust is not mature and standardized, and there are many restrictive factors in the improvement of its operational efficiency. Countermeasures to create conditions for improving China's rural land transfer trust mode.
【學位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F832.49;F323.211

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