湖南中國大鯢資源、馴養(yǎng)及產(chǎn)業(yè)化的調(diào)查研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-10-24 22:06
【摘要】:大鯢(Andrias davidianus)屬兩棲綱(Amphidia)有尾目(Caudata)隱鰓鯢科(Cryptobranchidac)。中國大鯢是我國特有的珍稀兩棲動物,由于歷史的變遷,大鯢的棲息地發(fā)生了變化或受到破壞,以及人類過度捕捉等原因,造成大鯢資源急劇下降,分布區(qū)域極度萎縮,絕大部分區(qū)域已出現(xiàn)種群滅絕的境地,已被列入《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿(mào)易公約》(CITES)附錄Ⅰ中的極危物種。湖南是中國大鯢最主要的產(chǎn)地之一,張家界地區(qū)是被國務院批準建立的第一個“湖南張家界大鯢國家級自然保護區(qū)”。為此,本論文通過研究歷史文獻、現(xiàn)代資料,并對湖南中國大鯢主要的棲息地湘西地區(qū)進行了考察與分析,以期為中國大鯢的資源保護和人工馴養(yǎng)提供科學依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:湘西地區(qū)大鯢棲息地的氣候和地理條件是:海拔為260--600米左右,植被為常綠針闊混交葉林,年平均氣溫13.4℃,年平均降雨量為1485--1518mm,年平均相對濕度77%,全年無霜期240--300天,平均日照1563.3小時;溪溝一般是兩岸以巖石和土石為主,兩岸坡度不規(guī)則,植被覆蓋度85%以上,溪底為卵石和砂石,溪溝形狀不規(guī)則,溪水深0.5-3.8m(潭),流速0.25-1m/s;洞穴一般是口寬約30cm,高約20cm,縱深較深,洞口高出水面,洞穴內(nèi)有流水,洞底一般以沙、卵石、巖石組成。大鯢偏愛的水環(huán)境為:水溫12.6—21.5℃,水質(zhì)清澈透明,透明度大于2m,溶解氧大于8mg/L, pH值在6.6-8.5,水體硬度相對大,二價鈣離子含量高,氨氮及有機磷含量低。湖南的中國大鯢野生親本在天然水域的資源量,估算已不足一萬尾。2005年前,全省可收集野生大鯢幼苗的有5處地方,年收集幼苗4000尾左右。2014年只2處地方收集野生幼鯢1200尾,野生資源下降趨勢明顯。但人工繁育發(fā)展迅速,而人工馴養(yǎng)量在近年來有了較大的發(fā)展,已達到97萬余尾。大鯢的人工與仿生態(tài)繁殖已獲得較大成功,僅2014年就向全國銷售種鯢2000余尾、幼鯢14萬余尾、成鯢28萬余尾。2014年統(tǒng)計,湖南省馴養(yǎng)繁殖、經(jīng)營利用企業(yè)514家,委托馴養(yǎng)戶近2000戶,全省利用仿生態(tài)繁殖及人工繁殖技術生產(chǎn)苗種35萬余尾,存池親本達11.6萬余尾。在以開發(fā)促保護方面也取得成效,延伸了大鯢產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,在全國率先將大鯢深加工產(chǎn)品投放市場。張家界已有多家公司都涉足于娃娃魚深加工的科研和市場開發(fā)。金鯢生物科技有限公司獲得大鯢深加工產(chǎn)品發(fā)明專利14項,其中包括有《大鯢美容護膚品生產(chǎn)方法》、《大鯢保健品及其生產(chǎn)方法》、《大鯢分泌物提取分離方法》等;擁有大鯢低聚糖肽核心專利2項。通過與北京大學、華中科技大學等高校合作,共開發(fā)出“金鯢”牌娃娃魚長壽面、美白抗衰護膚品、軟骨粉、蛋白多肽粉等7個新產(chǎn)品。本文還對湖南在大鯢資源保護和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展過程中存在的問題進行了研究,并針對性地提出了一些建議。
[Abstract]:Giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) belongs to the amphibian class (Amphidia) with (Caudata) Cryptobranchydae (Cryptobranchidac). Chinese giant salamander is a unique and rare amphibian in China. Due to historical changes, the habitat of giant salamander has been changed or destroyed, as well as human overcapture and other reasons, resulting in a sharp decline in the resources of giant salamander, the distribution area is extremely atrophy. Most of the regions have become extinct and have been listed in the (CITES) Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Hunan is one of the most important producing areas of Chinese giant salamander. Zhangjiajie area is the first "Hunan Zhangjiajie giant salamander national nature reserve" approved by the State Council. In order to provide scientific basis for the conservation and artificial domestication of Chinese giant salamander, this paper investigated and analyzed the main habitat of Andrias davidianus in Hunan province by studying the historical documents and modern data in order to provide a scientific basis for the conservation and artificial domestication of Chinese giant salamander. The main results are as follows: the climatic and geographical conditions of the habitat of Andrias davidianus in western Hunan are 260--600 meters above sea level, Ye Lin as evergreen conifer and broad-leaved mixed vegetation, and the annual average temperature is 13.4 鈩,
本文編號:2292696
[Abstract]:Giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) belongs to the amphibian class (Amphidia) with (Caudata) Cryptobranchydae (Cryptobranchidac). Chinese giant salamander is a unique and rare amphibian in China. Due to historical changes, the habitat of giant salamander has been changed or destroyed, as well as human overcapture and other reasons, resulting in a sharp decline in the resources of giant salamander, the distribution area is extremely atrophy. Most of the regions have become extinct and have been listed in the (CITES) Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Hunan is one of the most important producing areas of Chinese giant salamander. Zhangjiajie area is the first "Hunan Zhangjiajie giant salamander national nature reserve" approved by the State Council. In order to provide scientific basis for the conservation and artificial domestication of Chinese giant salamander, this paper investigated and analyzed the main habitat of Andrias davidianus in Hunan province by studying the historical documents and modern data in order to provide a scientific basis for the conservation and artificial domestication of Chinese giant salamander. The main results are as follows: the climatic and geographical conditions of the habitat of Andrias davidianus in western Hunan are 260--600 meters above sea level, Ye Lin as evergreen conifer and broad-leaved mixed vegetation, and the annual average temperature is 13.4 鈩,
本文編號:2292696
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