中國貝類產(chǎn)品對歐盟貿(mào)易現(xiàn)狀及國際競爭力分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-12 13:47
【摘要】：水產(chǎn)品在全球生產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易中占據(jù)著重要地位,貝類作為水產(chǎn)品的主要品種,研究其國際競爭力更是尤為重要。中國和歐盟都是水產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和出口的主要地區(qū),更是貝類產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易主要地區(qū),分析其相互貿(mào)易情況及貝類產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力有著重要意義。本研究通過分析世界、歐盟和中國的貝類產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)以及貿(mào)易的基本情況,尤其是歐盟與中國的貝類產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易,對中國貝類產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力進行測算,并探討影響中國貝類產(chǎn)品出口的主要因素和影響程度,從而為打開歐盟市場提出相應(yīng)的政策建議,為政府和相關(guān)企業(yè)制定政策提供理論依據(jù)。世界貝類產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量呈逐年增長態(tài)勢,生產(chǎn)國家主要分布在亞洲和歐美地區(qū),如中國、韓國、美國、法國和智利。世界貝類產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易也呈逐年增長的趨勢,進出口都得到迅速的發(fā)展,但側(cè)重品種不同,出口貿(mào)易中貽貝的出口額最多,進口貿(mào)易中則是扇貝進口額較多。歐盟是貝類生產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易的主要地區(qū),雖然近幾年貝類產(chǎn)量稍有下降,但其占世界貝類產(chǎn)量的比例仍然較高;中國作為世界貝類第一生產(chǎn)大國,產(chǎn)量和貿(mào)易都在逐步擴大。分析中國與歐盟在貝類產(chǎn)品中的貿(mào)易,可以看出,中國的貝類產(chǎn)品雖然出口規(guī)模很大,出口市場也比較多,但是仍然無法出口至歐盟,相反中國每年會從歐盟進口大量的貝類產(chǎn)品。那么中國貝類產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力究竟如何?接下來本研究對中國貝類產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力進行測算。測算選用資源稟賦系數(shù)(EF)、國際市場占有率(MS)、顯示性比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)(RCA)和貿(mào)易競爭優(yōu)勢指數(shù)(TC)四個指標。測算結(jié)果表明,中國貝類產(chǎn)品在生產(chǎn)要素層面資源稟賦優(yōu)勢最為突出;在進出口層面中,代表市場占有率的國際市場占有率及代表進出口(貿(mào)易盈余)的貿(mào)易競爭優(yōu)勢都表現(xiàn)出極強的優(yōu)勢,而反映出口所占比例的顯示性競爭優(yōu)勢指數(shù)則較弱。進而引入貿(mào)易引力模型,進一步分析中國貝類產(chǎn)品國際競爭力的主要影響因素和影響程度,實證分析表明,中國和進口國的GDP、中國貝類產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量以及APEC都與中國貝類產(chǎn)品出口規(guī)模呈正相關(guān),中國與進口國的直線距離則與貝類產(chǎn)品出口規(guī)模呈負相關(guān)。其中,中國貝類產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量對貝類出口規(guī)模影響最大。在此分析的基礎(chǔ)上,可以得出四點結(jié)論:中國貝類產(chǎn)品的規(guī)模優(yōu)勢較強、比較優(yōu)勢相對較弱、出口品種結(jié)構(gòu)不合理以及對歐盟只有進口沒有出口。結(jié)合文章全篇分析以及最后的結(jié)論,提出相應(yīng)的三點建議以提高中國貝類產(chǎn)品的出口和國際競爭力,打開歐盟市場,這三點建議包括實施整體戰(zhàn)略提高比較優(yōu)勢、合理調(diào)整貝類產(chǎn)品出口的品種結(jié)構(gòu)和加強質(zhì)量安全管理,以期早日突破“禁令”。
[Abstract]:Aquatic products play an important role in global production and trade. As the main species of aquatic products, it is particularly important to study the international competitiveness of shellfish. China and the European Union are the main regions for the production and export of aquatic products as well as the main regions for the production and trade of shellfish products. It is of great significance to analyze the situation of their mutual trade and the international competitiveness of shellfish products. By analyzing the basic situation of shellfish production and trade in the world, the European Union and China, especially the trade between EU and China, this study measures the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products. It also discusses the main factors and the degree of influence on the export of Chinese shellfish products, so as to put forward corresponding policy suggestions for opening up the EU market and provide the theoretical basis for the government and related enterprises to formulate policies. The output of shellfish products in the world is increasing year by year. The producing countries are mainly distributed in Asia, Europe and America, such as China, Korea, USA, France and Chile. The trade of shellfish products in the world is also increasing year by year, and the import and export have been developed rapidly, but with different varieties, the export value of mussels is the most in export trade, and the import amount of scallop is more in import trade. The European Union is the main region of shellfish production and trade. Although the production of shellfish has decreased slightly in recent years, the proportion of shellfish production in the world is still relatively high, and China, as the world's largest shellfish producer, is gradually expanding its output and trade. After analyzing the trade between China and the EU in shellfish products, we can see that although China's shellfish products are exported on a large scale and in more export markets, they are still unable to export to the EU. Instead, China imports a lot of shellfish from the EU every year. What about the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products? Then this study measures the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products. The index of (MS), comparative advantage and the index of trade competitive advantage (TC) are calculated and selected. The index of resource endowment coefficient is (EF), the international market share is (MS), and the index of trade competitive advantage is (TC). The results show that China's shellfish products have the most outstanding resource endowment advantages at the production factor level, and in the import and export level, Both the international market share representing the market share and the trade competitive advantage representing the import and export (trade surplus) show very strong advantages, while the indicative competitive advantage index, which reflects the proportion of exports, is relatively weak. Then the trade gravity model is introduced to further analyze the main influencing factors and the degree of influence on the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products. The output of Chinese shellfish products and APEC of China and importing countries are positively correlated with the export scale of Chinese shellfish products, while the linear distance between China and importing countries is negatively correlated with the export scale of shellfish products. Among them, the output of Chinese shellfish products has the biggest impact on the scale of shellfish export. On the basis of this analysis, four conclusions can be drawn: the scale advantage of Chinese shellfish products is relatively strong, the comparative advantage is relatively weak, the export variety structure is unreasonable, and there is no export to EU only. Combined with the whole analysis and the final conclusion, the paper puts forward three corresponding suggestions to improve the export and international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products, and to open up the EU market. These three suggestions include the implementation of the overall strategy to enhance comparative advantage. Adjust the variety structure of shellfish export reasonably and strengthen quality and safety management in order to break through the ban as soon as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F326.4;F752.8
[Abstract]:Aquatic products play an important role in global production and trade. As the main species of aquatic products, it is particularly important to study the international competitiveness of shellfish. China and the European Union are the main regions for the production and export of aquatic products as well as the main regions for the production and trade of shellfish products. It is of great significance to analyze the situation of their mutual trade and the international competitiveness of shellfish products. By analyzing the basic situation of shellfish production and trade in the world, the European Union and China, especially the trade between EU and China, this study measures the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products. It also discusses the main factors and the degree of influence on the export of Chinese shellfish products, so as to put forward corresponding policy suggestions for opening up the EU market and provide the theoretical basis for the government and related enterprises to formulate policies. The output of shellfish products in the world is increasing year by year. The producing countries are mainly distributed in Asia, Europe and America, such as China, Korea, USA, France and Chile. The trade of shellfish products in the world is also increasing year by year, and the import and export have been developed rapidly, but with different varieties, the export value of mussels is the most in export trade, and the import amount of scallop is more in import trade. The European Union is the main region of shellfish production and trade. Although the production of shellfish has decreased slightly in recent years, the proportion of shellfish production in the world is still relatively high, and China, as the world's largest shellfish producer, is gradually expanding its output and trade. After analyzing the trade between China and the EU in shellfish products, we can see that although China's shellfish products are exported on a large scale and in more export markets, they are still unable to export to the EU. Instead, China imports a lot of shellfish from the EU every year. What about the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products? Then this study measures the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products. The index of (MS), comparative advantage and the index of trade competitive advantage (TC) are calculated and selected. The index of resource endowment coefficient is (EF), the international market share is (MS), and the index of trade competitive advantage is (TC). The results show that China's shellfish products have the most outstanding resource endowment advantages at the production factor level, and in the import and export level, Both the international market share representing the market share and the trade competitive advantage representing the import and export (trade surplus) show very strong advantages, while the indicative competitive advantage index, which reflects the proportion of exports, is relatively weak. Then the trade gravity model is introduced to further analyze the main influencing factors and the degree of influence on the international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products. The output of Chinese shellfish products and APEC of China and importing countries are positively correlated with the export scale of Chinese shellfish products, while the linear distance between China and importing countries is negatively correlated with the export scale of shellfish products. Among them, the output of Chinese shellfish products has the biggest impact on the scale of shellfish export. On the basis of this analysis, four conclusions can be drawn: the scale advantage of Chinese shellfish products is relatively strong, the comparative advantage is relatively weak, the export variety structure is unreasonable, and there is no export to EU only. Combined with the whole analysis and the final conclusion, the paper puts forward three corresponding suggestions to improve the export and international competitiveness of Chinese shellfish products, and to open up the EU market. These three suggestions include the implementation of the overall strategy to enhance comparative advantage. Adjust the variety structure of shellfish export reasonably and strengthen quality and safety management in order to break through the ban as soon as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F326.4;F752.8
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