【摘要】：在全球環(huán)境變化背景下,尺度問(wèn)題與時(shí)空異質(zhì)性已成為景觀生態(tài)學(xué)中的重要研究?jī)?nèi)容。在尺度方面,中低分辨率影像由于觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的限制,不能有效地識(shí)別細(xì)尺度下格局的特征或其變化特征。在時(shí)空異質(zhì)性方面,全面而準(zhǔn)確地測(cè)度區(qū)域內(nèi)土地利用動(dòng)態(tài)變化信息,是指導(dǎo)土地資源管理實(shí)踐的必要前提,同時(shí)也是土地利用變化生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)研究的關(guān)鍵。本文以晉江流域?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象,基于2005年、2010年SPOT5高分遙感影像(空間分辨率為2.5m)數(shù)據(jù),分析了晉江流域土地利用的現(xiàn)狀特征；選取晉江流域三個(gè)典型子流域,分析了28種景觀指數(shù)的粒度效應(yīng),通過(guò)常用的三種尺度函數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)了可預(yù)測(cè)響應(yīng)型指數(shù)的尺度下推精度,探討了研究區(qū)景觀格局分析中適宜粒度的選擇；在此基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了置換變化與代換變化的土地利用動(dòng)態(tài)變化模型,并結(jié)合景觀指數(shù),分析了2005-2010年晉江流域土地利用景觀格局的動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征。結(jié)果表明：(1)2010年,晉江流域以林地、園地、耕地、建設(shè)用地為主；土地利用景觀呈現(xiàn)明顯的地形分異特征。(2)隨著粒度變粗,流域各種景觀指數(shù)的粒度效應(yīng)明顯,其變化響應(yīng)規(guī)律可以分為可預(yù)測(cè)響應(yīng)型、分段可預(yù)測(cè)型、階梯變化型與波動(dòng)變化型等4類,其中,分段可預(yù)測(cè)型由可預(yù)測(cè)響應(yīng)型分化而來(lái)。(3)在可預(yù)測(cè)響應(yīng)型指數(shù)中,香農(nóng)多樣性指數(shù)、蔓延度、平均斑塊分維數(shù)的尺度函數(shù)對(duì)空間分辨率大小不敏感；而高分影像對(duì)邊界密度、平均斑塊形狀指數(shù)、平均斑塊鄰近指數(shù)、聚合度這4種指數(shù)的尺度函數(shù)建立影響較大,并且區(qū)域差異性也較大。(4)2005-2010年間,流域內(nèi)的林地、園地、建設(shè)用地等優(yōu)勢(shì)景觀類型與交通用地逐漸增加；草地、灌叢、水域、未利用地等多種稀少自然景觀類型與耕地逐漸減少,且這些稀少景觀類型的動(dòng)態(tài)變化程度較大。其中,耕地的置換變化主要與園地、水域、林地、草地之間發(fā)生；園地以代換變化為主,主要集中在草地-園地與園地-林地之間；林地的代換變化則是在自然景觀-林地與林地-人工景觀之間進(jìn)行的。(5)2005-2010年間,流域內(nèi)的景觀格局總體變化明顯,主要體現(xiàn)在景觀多樣性下降,斑塊的大小與形狀均趨于極端化；其中,林地、建設(shè)用地、交通用地趨于集聚,而其他景觀類型趨向于離散分布。
[Abstract]:In the context of global environmental change, scale problems and spatio-temporal heterogeneity have become an important research content in landscape ecology. In the aspect of scale, because of the limitation of observation data, the low resolution image can not effectively identify the characteristics of pattern or its variation in small scale. In the aspect of spatial and temporal heterogeneity, it is a necessary prerequisite to guide the land resource management practice to measure the dynamic change information of land use in a comprehensive and accurate way, and it is also the key to study the ecological and environmental effects of land use change. Based on the data of SPOT5 high score remote sensing image (spatial resolution of 2.5m) in 2005 and 2010, this paper analyzes the present characteristics of land use in Jinjiang basin, and selects three typical sub-basins of Jinjiang River Basin. This paper analyzes the granularity effect of 28 landscape indices, evaluates the scaling down accuracy of predictable response indices through three kinds of scale functions, and discusses the selection of appropriate granularity in landscape pattern analysis in the study area. The land use dynamic change model of replacement change and replacement change was constructed, and the dynamic change characteristics of land use landscape pattern in Jinjiang River Basin from 2005 to 2010 were analyzed with landscape index. The results showed that: (1) in 2010, forest land, garden land, cultivated land and construction land were the main factors in Jinjiang watershed, and the landscape of land use showed obvious characteristics of terrain differentiation. (2) with the grain size increasing, the granularity effect of various landscape indices was obvious. The change response can be divided into four types: predictable response type, piecewise predictable type, step change type and fluctuating change type. Among them, the piecewise predictable response type is differentiated from the predictable response type. (3) in the predictable response index, The scale function of Shannon diversity index, spread degree and mean fractal dimension of patch is not sensitive to spatial resolution, while high score image is not sensitive to boundary density, average patch shape index, average patch proximity index, The establishment of scale function of the four indexes of degree of aggregation has a great influence on the establishment of scale function, and the regional difference is also great. (4) from 2005 to 2010, the dominant landscape types of forest land, garden land, construction land and traffic land in the watershed gradually increased, and the grassland, scrub, water area, etc. Many rare natural landscape types such as unused land and cultivated land gradually decreased, and the dynamic changes of these sparse landscape types were relatively large. Among them, the change of cultivated land is mainly between garden land, water area, forest land and grassland, and the change of garden land is mainly between grassland and garden land and forest land. The change of forest land is between the natural landscape and woodland and artificial landscape. (5) from 2005 to 2010, the landscape pattern in the watershed changed obviously, mainly reflected in the decline of landscape diversity, the size and shape of patches tend to be extreme; Among them, woodland, construction land and traffic land tend to gather, while other landscape types tend to discrete distribution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F301.2;P901

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 肖篤寧,李秀珍;當(dāng)代景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的進(jìn)展和展望[J];地理科學(xué);1997年04期

2 王強(qiáng);伍世代;李永實(shí);湯曉華;陳國(guó)子;;福建省域主體功能區(qū)劃分實(shí)踐[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2009年06期

3 張國(guó)坤;鄧偉;張洪巖;宋開山;李恒達(dá);;新開河流域土地利用格局變化圖譜分析[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2010年09期

4 游麗平;林廣發(fā);楊陳照;林巧鶯;楊麗萍;;景觀指數(shù)的空間尺度效應(yīng)分析——以廈門島土地利用格局為例[J];地球信息科學(xué);2008年01期

5 陳冬平;陳瑩;陳興偉;;以DEM提取流域水系河源的最小誤差分析[J];地球信息科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2011年02期

6 傅伯杰,陳利頂,王軍,孟慶華,趙文武;土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)與生態(tài)過(guò)程[J];第四紀(jì)研究;2003年03期

7 趙文武,傅伯杰,陳利頂;景觀指數(shù)的粒度變化效應(yīng)[J];第四紀(jì)研究;2003年03期

8 劉紀(jì)遠(yuǎn);匡文慧;張?jiān)鱿?徐新良;秦元偉;寧佳;周萬(wàn)村;張樹文;李仁東;顏長(zhǎng)珍;吳世新;史學(xué)正;江南;于東升;潘賢章;遲文峰;;20世紀(jì)80年代末以來(lái)中國(guó)土地利用變化的基本特征與空間格局[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2014年01期

9 張娜;;生態(tài)學(xué)中的尺度問(wèn)題:內(nèi)涵與分析方法[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2006年07期

10 陳利頂;劉洋;呂一河;馮曉明;傅伯杰;;景觀生態(tài)學(xué)中的格局分析:現(xiàn)狀、困境與未來(lái)[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2008年11期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 祖琪;面向?qū)ο蠓诸惙椒ㄔ趲r溶區(qū)影像分類中的應(yīng)用[D];昆明理工大學(xué);2011年

2 唐寬金;基于景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的土地利用時(shí)空格局變化研究[D];山東師范大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：2204401