【摘要】：糧豐則農(nóng)豐,農(nóng)穩(wěn)則國安,中國是世界上人口最多的發(fā)展中大國,人均耕地面積與水資源分別僅占世界平均水平的40%和1/4。因此,糧食安全不僅是一個經(jīng)濟問題,更是一個政治問題,它是國家安全的一個重要內(nèi)容。 我國糧食從2003年到2014年已經(jīng)連續(xù)增產(chǎn),實現(xiàn)“十一連增”,為我國糧食安全奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。但是,中國的人口持續(xù)增長,人們生活水平的提高,飲食結(jié)構(gòu)的不斷升級,糧食消費的多元化,使得中國的糧食需求仍將處于快速增長階段。在全球化發(fā)展的大背景下,國際環(huán)境也在發(fā)生顯著變化。全球糧食安全受到的不確定因素日益增多。出現(xiàn)極端天氣的狀況日益增加,糧食的“能源化”、“金融化’的趨勢日益增強,金融資本的投機炒作,使全球糧食價格波動更加劇烈,部分國家因糧食問題導(dǎo)致社會不穩(wěn)定。 從全球化視角看,中國的糧食安全與世界糧食安全密不可分。中國作為世界上人口最多的發(fā)展中大國,每年糧食消費量占世界消費總量的1/5,占世界糧食貿(mào)易總量的兩倍左右。然而,世界糧食市場的供給能力有限,如果中國進口糧食過多,國際市場難以承受,并且會給其他國家?guī)聿焕挠绊�。因�?如果中國糧食不安全,那么世界糧食安全肯定會受到威脅；同樣地,如果世界糧食不安全,其肯定會對我國糧食安全產(chǎn)生一定的影響。 本文從全球視野來分析國際糧食安全和國內(nèi)糧食安全的基本狀況及制約因素,借鑒他國的經(jīng)驗,根據(jù)我國的實際情況,提出確保我國糧食安全的相關(guān)對策及措施,從而保障我國的糧食安全。 本文一共分為五個部分,第一部分為導(dǎo)論。主要闡述了論文的研究背景、研究目的、研究意義、研究方法、研究內(nèi)容。第二部分為糧食安全問題的研究綜述。該部分主要運用文獻分析法，界定了糧食及糧食安全的定義，闡述了本文研究糧食安全的相關(guān)理論，梳理了國內(nèi)外學者對糧食安全的最新動態(tài)及觀點。第三部分主要分析全球糧食安全現(xiàn)狀。通過收集的數(shù)據(jù)，運用Excel工具繪制成折線圖、柱狀圖表等，對國際市場糧食安全和國內(nèi)市場糧食安全的現(xiàn)狀進行描述，簡要分析制約世界糧食安全的問題。第四部分分析影響中國糧食安全的主要因素。從自然因素、政治因素、經(jīng)濟因素、科學技術(shù)因素、能源因素、國際因素著手分析，通過大量的數(shù)據(jù)及圖表，運用比較分析法來說明我國糧食安全的制約因素。第五部分提出中國糧食安全戰(zhàn)略化選擇。比較美國、日本、印度一些政策，并針對影響我國糧食安全的因素，，結(jié)合我國的現(xiàn)狀，提出切合實際的建議及措施，從而保障我國的糧食安全。
[Abstract]:China is the most populous developing country in the world. The per capita cultivated land area and water resources account for only 40 percent of the world average and a quarter of the world average. Therefore, food security is not only an economic issue, but also a political issue, which is an important content of national security. From 2003 to 2014, China's grain production has been continuously increased, and "eleven consecutive increases" have been realized, which has laid a solid foundation for China's food security. However, with the continuous growth of population, the improvement of people's living standard, the constant upgrading of diet structure and the diversification of grain consumption, China's food demand will still be in a rapid growth stage. In the context of globalization, the international environment is also changing significantly. There is growing uncertainty about global food security. The situation of extreme weather is increasing day by day, the trend of "energy" and "financialization" of grain is increasing day by day, the speculative speculation of financial capital makes global food price fluctuate more sharply, and some countries cause social instability because of food problem. From the perspective of globalization, China's food security and world food security are inseparable. As the most populous developing country in the world, China accounts for 1 / 5 of the world's total food consumption every year, accounting for about twice the world's total grain trade. However, the supply capacity of the world food market is limited. If China imports too much grain, the international market will not be able to bear, and will have adverse effects on other countries. Therefore, if China's food insecurity, then the world food security will be threatened; similarly, if the world food insecurity, it will certainly have a certain impact on China's food security. This paper analyzes the basic situation and restrictive factors of international and domestic food security from the global perspective, draws lessons from the experience of other countries, according to the actual situation of our country, puts forward the relevant countermeasures and measures to ensure the food security of our country. So as to ensure the food security of our country. This paper is divided into five parts, the first part is an introduction. The research background, purpose, significance, method and content of the thesis are expounded. The second part is a summary of the research on food security. This part mainly uses the literature analysis method to define the definition of grain and food security, expounds the related theories of this paper, and combs the latest trends and viewpoints of domestic and foreign scholars on food security. The third part mainly analyzes the current situation of global food security. Based on the collected data, the current situation of food security in international market and domestic market is described by using Excel tools to draw broken line diagram and bar chart, and the problems restricting world food security are analyzed briefly. The fourth part analyzes the main factors that affect China's food security. From the natural factors, political factors, economic factors, science and technology factors, energy factors, international factors, through a large number of data and charts, using comparative analysis to explain the constraints of food security in China. The fifth part puts forward the strategic choice of China's grain security. By comparing some policies of the United States, Japan and India, and aiming at the factors affecting China's food security and combining the present situation of our country, some practical suggestions and measures are put forward to ensure the food security of our country.
【學位授予單位】：山西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F326.11

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