【摘要】：2005年,黨的十六屆五中全會明確提出建設(shè)社會主義新農(nóng)村的戰(zhàn)略決策,并強(qiáng)調(diào)要培養(yǎng)"有文化,懂技術(shù),會經(jīng)營"的新型農(nóng)民;2007年中央1號文件將社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的內(nèi)容聚焦于發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè),人才作為第一生產(chǎn)力,有文化、懂技術(shù)、會經(jīng)營的新型農(nóng)民是發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的人才保障;2015年中央一號文件《關(guān)于加大改革創(chuàng)新力度加快農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的若干意見》提出在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新常態(tài)下,實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村的發(fā)展關(guān)鍵在于發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè),轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式,將以往追求數(shù)量、依賴資源消耗的粗放農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營方式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閿?shù)量、質(zhì)量并重的集約型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營方式;將促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增收作為"三農(nóng)"工作的重要考驗(yàn)。可見,長期以來解決好"三農(nóng)"問題一直是黨中央工作的重中之重,如何在工業(yè)化、信息化城鎮(zhèn)化的過程中穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化是當(dāng)前迫切需要解決的問題。建設(shè)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)就是對傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)行改造的過程,以現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)和農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械武裝農(nóng)業(yè),將企業(yè)化經(jīng)營理念注入農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的管理,提高農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率、土地生產(chǎn)率和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品商品化程度。要實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)的目標(biāo),迫切需要培養(yǎng)千千萬萬有文化、懂技術(shù)、會經(jīng)營的新型農(nóng)民。培育新型農(nóng)民是農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ),是全面提高農(nóng)民素質(zhì)的必然要求,是提高農(nóng)民收入的重要條件。然而目前我國農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力卻面臨基數(shù)大、整體素質(zhì)不高、人才外流嚴(yán)重、老齡化趨勢明顯的問題,高素質(zhì)的人才缺失已成為制約我國建設(shè)社會主義新農(nóng)村、發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的瓶頸。我國農(nóng)民素質(zhì)狀況與發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)對高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民的需求決定了培育新型農(nóng)民的緊迫性和重要性。本文在對整理閱讀國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,系統(tǒng)性地梳理了新型農(nóng)民培育的理論基礎(chǔ)以及國外開展新型農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)、結(jié)合我國農(nóng)民素質(zhì)現(xiàn)狀、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化對農(nóng)民的要求以及鹽城市開展新型農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)的實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ),最終提出中國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化背景下新型農(nóng)民培育的實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑。通過本文研究得出以下主要結(jié)論:第一,通過對國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)以及理論的整理,本文認(rèn)為開展新型農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)是穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的有效且必要手段,基于人力資本投資理論和教育經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論的考慮,政府有積極開展新型農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)的動(dòng)力。第二,國外存在諸多培訓(xùn)新型農(nóng)民的成功模式,包括東亞模式(以日本、韓國為主)、西歐模式(以英國、法國、德國為主)、北美模式(以美國為主),這些成功的模式說明農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)工作的成功離不開完善的培訓(xùn)體系,嚴(yán)格的農(nóng)業(yè)準(zhǔn)入制度以及與職業(yè)資格掛鉤的優(yōu)惠政策,值得我國借鑒。第三,隨著科技進(jìn)步和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式發(fā)生了深刻的變革,而目前我國農(nóng)民的素質(zhì)水平已經(jīng)不能滿足農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的要求,開展新型農(nóng)民培養(yǎng)工作十分必要和緊迫。第五,通過對鹽城地區(qū)新型農(nóng)民培養(yǎng)的實(shí)地調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn),鹽城地區(qū)的新型農(nóng)民培養(yǎng)工作已經(jīng)取得了一定的成果,同時(shí)還面臨著農(nóng)民素質(zhì)偏低,部分農(nóng)戶思想意識落后、培訓(xùn)資金投入不足、師資力量匱乏等問題。第四,為更好的推進(jìn)新型農(nóng)民培養(yǎng)工作,加快我國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化步伐,本文提出建立新型農(nóng)民教育培訓(xùn)體系、開展技能培訓(xùn)、加強(qiáng)經(jīng)營素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)、建立健全新型農(nóng)民教育培養(yǎng)四大支撐體系等建議。
[Abstract]:In 2005, the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the strategic decision of building a new socialist countryside, and stressed the need to train new farmers who are "educated, skilled and able to operate"; in 2007, the Central Committee's No. 1 document focused on the development of modern agriculture as the content of building a new socialist countryside, talents as the first productive force, educated, skilled and experienced. The New Peasants in the battalion are the guarantees for the development of modern agriculture.The central document No.1 of 2015 put forward that under the new normal economic development, the key to realizing the development of agricultural countryside lies in the development of modern agriculture, the transformation of agricultural development mode, and the pursuit of quantity in the past. The extensive agricultural management mode which relies on resource consumption has been transformed into intensive agricultural management mode with equal emphasis on quantity and quality, and the promotion of peasants'income has been regarded as an important test of the work of agriculture, countryside and farmers. The construction of modern agriculture is the process of transforming traditional agriculture. Modern agricultural science and technology and agricultural machinery are used to arm agriculture, and the idea of enterprise management is injected into the management of agricultural production, so as to improve agricultural labor productivity, land productivity and the degree of commercialization of agricultural products. To realize the goal of modernized agriculture, it is urgent to cultivate tens of millions of new peasants who are educated, skilled and capable of operating. Cultivating new peasants is an important foundation for the development of agriculture and rural modernization, an inevitable requirement for improving peasants'quality in an all-round way, and an important condition for raising peasants' income. The lack of high-quality talents has become a bottleneck restricting the construction of a new socialist countryside and the development of modern agriculture in China. On the basis of sorting out and reading the relevant literatures at home and abroad, this paper systematically combs the theoretical basis of the cultivation of new-type farmers and the successful experience of developing new-type farmers'training abroad. Combining with the present situation of farmers' quality in China, the requirements of agricultural modernization for farmers and the practical basis of developing new-type farmers'training in Yancheng City, the paper finally puts forward This paper draws the following main conclusions: First, through the collation of relevant literature and theories at home and abroad, this paper holds that the development of new farmers'training is an effective and necessary means to promote agricultural modernization steadily, based on the theory of human capital investment and education economy. Second, there are many successful models of training new farmers abroad, including East Asian model (mainly Japan, Korea), Western European model (mainly Britain, France, Germany), and North American model (mainly America). These successful models show the success of farmers'training. Success is inseparable from a sound training system, a strict agricultural access system and preferential policies linked to professional qualifications, which are worthy of our reference. Third, with the progress of science and technology and the development of social economy, profound changes have taken place in the mode of agricultural production. At present, the quality level of Chinese farmers has been unable to meet the requirements of agricultural modernization. It is necessary and urgent to develop the new-type peasants'training. Fifthly, through the field investigation and research of the new-type peasants' training in Yancheng area, it is found that the new-type peasants'training in Yancheng area has made certain achievements, and at the same time, it is faced with the low quality of peasants, the backward ideology of some peasants, insufficient investment in training funds and the shortage of teachers. Fourthly, in order to better promote the cultivation of new farmers and speed up the pace of agricultural modernization in China, this paper proposes to establish a new peasant education and training system, to carry out skills training, to strengthen the quality of management training, and to establish and improve the new peasant education and training four support systems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.6

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