高昌區(qū)土地利用變化對(duì)地下水埋深的影響研究
本文選題:土地利用 + 地下水埋深 ; 參考:《新疆大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】:地下水資源是我國(guó)西部極端干旱-半干旱區(qū)人類(lèi)賴(lài)以生存的最關(guān)鍵生態(tài)環(huán)境因子,在維系干旱區(qū)人類(lèi)生存、活動(dòng)與發(fā)展等各個(gè)方面具有十分重要作用。近幾年來(lái),隨著人口的迅速增長(zhǎng)、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展、不適當(dāng)?shù)耐恋亻_(kāi)發(fā)利用,地表水資源供需的不穩(wěn)定性,綠洲地下水資源承載壓力日益增加,土地和地下水資源之間的矛盾將日益突出,這是人類(lèi)長(zhǎng)期不適當(dāng)?shù)拈_(kāi)發(fā)利用土地資源而忽視綠洲綠洲土地資源與地下水資源相協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的結(jié)果。特別是隨著干旱區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,對(duì)土地利用的需求量急劇增加,使得干旱區(qū)土地利用變化的趨勢(shì)呈急劇增加的趨勢(shì),由此導(dǎo)致了地下水埋深的急劇下降。本研究試圖從土地利用角度探討地下水埋深下降的原因,定性和定量分析土地利用變化與地下水埋深之間的相互影響過(guò)程,以期未來(lái)能夠合理進(jìn)行土地資源開(kāi)發(fā)和地下水資源利用。本研究以新疆吐魯番市高昌區(qū)為例,以2006年,2010年和2015年的遙感解譯結(jié)果與在此研究階段的地下水埋深數(shù)據(jù)作為基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),首先對(duì)高昌區(qū)綠洲2006-2015年各土地利用類(lèi)型的變化幅度、動(dòng)態(tài)度和轉(zhuǎn)移特征進(jìn)行分析,然后通過(guò)半變異函數(shù)模型,克里金插值擬合高昌區(qū)2006年、2010年和2015年各地下水埋深時(shí)空變異特征,應(yīng)用疊加分析和相關(guān)性分析土地利用類(lèi)型與地下水埋深之間的關(guān)系。論文的結(jié)論包括:(1)根據(jù)研究區(qū)的實(shí)際情況將土地利用類(lèi)型劃分為耕地、林地、草地、水體、建設(shè)用地和未利用地等六種類(lèi)型。在RS和GIS軟件支持下,利用監(jiān)督分類(lèi)法,對(duì)高昌區(qū)綠洲2006、2010和2015年遙感影像圖進(jìn)行分類(lèi),得到高昌區(qū)綠洲3期的土地利用/覆被數(shù)據(jù),并通過(guò)精度檢驗(yàn)。(2)2006-2015年,高昌區(qū)土地利用類(lèi)型發(fā)生明顯變化,在10年時(shí)間內(nèi)這六種土地利用類(lèi)型在時(shí)空尺度上發(fā)生明顯變化,高昌區(qū)綠洲呈不斷擴(kuò)張趨勢(shì),增加面積為246.53km~2。對(duì)土地利用動(dòng)態(tài)度分析的結(jié)果表明,在2006-2015年,未利用地和水體呈負(fù)動(dòng)態(tài)變化,但兩者的動(dòng)態(tài)變化速度不同,其中,未利用地在整個(gè)研究階段呈緩慢減少趨勢(shì),而水體呈特別緩慢減少趨勢(shì);耕地呈緩慢增加趨勢(shì);林地和建設(shè)用地呈比較緩慢增加趨勢(shì)。轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣的分析結(jié)果顯示,未利用地和水體轉(zhuǎn)化為其他土地利用類(lèi)型的總面積為246.53km~2,與此同時(shí),其他土地利用類(lèi)型的退化面積僅45.00km~2,轉(zhuǎn)出數(shù)量相當(dāng)于轉(zhuǎn)入數(shù)量的5.5倍。(3)從動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征來(lái)看,地下水埋深年內(nèi)動(dòng)態(tài)特征具有開(kāi)采性動(dòng)態(tài)特征,最低埋深出現(xiàn)在7~8月份,最高埋深出現(xiàn)在次年的1~3月份,而年際動(dòng)態(tài)特征具有繼續(xù)下降趨勢(shì),年平均下降速率為0.38m/a。地統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果表明,2006年和2015年球狀模型所預(yù)測(cè)的指標(biāo)空間分布上具有中等強(qiáng)的空間相關(guān)性和空間差異性,從此可見(jiàn),導(dǎo)致地下水埋深的驅(qū)動(dòng)因素除了自然環(huán)境因素之外,還受到人類(lèi)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的影響。(4)從土地利用變化與地下水埋深的關(guān)系來(lái)看,高昌區(qū)草地、耕地、建設(shè)用地、林地等四種土地利用類(lèi)型面積的不斷擴(kuò)大,水體面積的不斷縮小,未利用地的不斷轉(zhuǎn)化為其他土地利用類(lèi)型是導(dǎo)致高昌區(qū)地下水繼續(xù)下降的主要土地類(lèi)型因素。
[Abstract]:The groundwater resource is the key factor of ecological environment in Western China in extreme arid and semi-arid areas of human survival, in the maintenance of arid areas are very important to human survival, activity and development and other aspects. In recent years, with the rapid growth of population, the rapid development of social economy, land development and utilization is not appropriate, the surface water resources supply and demand instability, groundwater bearing pressure increasing, the contradiction between land and water resources will become increasingly prominent, it is not appropriate for long-term human development and utilization of land resources and ignore the oasis land resources and groundwater resources coordinated development. Especially with the rapid development of social economy in arid areas, on land use demand increases sharply, the trend of land use change in arid area is sharply increasing, which leads to the underground water buried depth The sharp decline. This study attempts to explore the causes of land use from the perspective of the decline of groundwater level, qualitative and quantitative analysis of land use change and groundwater interaction between buried deep process in the future to the reasonable land resources development and utilization of groundwater resources. In this study, Gao Xinjiang District of Turpan City as an example, in 2006. 2010 and 2015 remote sensing interpretation results and this research stage of the groundwater depth data as the basic data, the first 2006-2015 years of Gaochang oasis the change range of land use types, dynamic degree and transfer characteristics were analyzed, and then through the semi variogram, Kriging interpolation in 2006 2010 and 2015 around the Gaochang area, groundwater deep temporal and spatial variability, using superposition analysis and correlation analysis of types of land use and groundwater. The node on the package Including: (1) according to the actual situation of the study area land use types are divided into farmland, woodland, grassland, water, construction land and unused land six types. In the RS and GIS software, using the supervised classification method, the classification of the oasis in 20062010 and 2015 remote sensing images, get the Oasis 3 Land Use / cover data, and the accuracy test. (2) 2006-2015 years, significant changes in land use types in Gaochang area, within 10 years of the six types of land use change in temporal and spatial scales, Gaochang oasis was constantly expanding, increasing area is 246.53km~2. the land use dynamic analysis results show that in 2006-2015 years, unused land and water had a negative dynamic change, but the dynamic changes of speed difference, the unused land in the study period was slowly decreased, and the water is The special slow decreasing trend; cultivated land was a slowly increasing trend; construction land and forest land was relatively slow increasing trend. The analysis results show the transfer matrix, unused land and water into other land use types for the total area of 246.53km~2, at the same time, other land degradation area of only 45.00km~2, transferred amount equivalent to 5.5 the number of times to. (3) from the dynamic characteristics, dynamic characteristics of deep groundwater exploitation years has dynamic characteristics, the minimum depth is 7~8 months, the highest depth in the next 1~3 months, and the annual dynamic characteristics has continued to decline, the average annual decline rate of statistical results showed that 0.38m/a. the spatial distribution of indicators in 2006 and 2015, the spherical model on the prediction of difference, spatial correlation and spatial medium strong from the visible, resulting in groundwater for driving In addition to the natural environment factors, but also affected by human activities. (4) the relationship between land use change and the groundwater depth, Gaochang District grassland, arable land, construction land, woodland and other four kinds of land use types area expanding water area shrinking, not by continuous transformation for other types of land use is the main land types of groundwater Gaochang continue to decline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:F301.2
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