本文選題：征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn) + 需求層次　； 參考：《浙江財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前，中國正處于經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長、城鎮(zhèn)化的新階段，城市化進(jìn)程的加快使得大量農(nóng)村集體土地被征收。伴隨著土地的大量征收，征地矛盾也日益突出。大量集體土地被征收轉(zhuǎn)用，用于非農(nóng)項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)與開發(fā)。征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的不合理在一定程度上侵害了失地農(nóng)民的利益，由此引發(fā)的群體性事件也是層出不窮，這種社會(huì)矛盾引起社會(huì)各界的廣泛關(guān)注。 對(duì)現(xiàn)有的文獻(xiàn)回顧可以看出，我國征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所存在的問題已經(jīng)引起了很多學(xué)者的重視，相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)也比較豐富，但是從失地農(nóng)民需求層次來研究征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文獻(xiàn)非常有限。少數(shù)幾篇文獻(xiàn)提到了應(yīng)該從失地農(nóng)民的需求來建立征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但怎么建立如何建立，各個(gè)需求層次之間的關(guān)系是什么，并沒用研究說明。相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)基本停留在定性研究，在實(shí)證領(lǐng)域更是空白。因此有必要對(duì)國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有理論進(jìn)行全面綜合梳理，在理論基礎(chǔ)研究方面為基于失地農(nóng)民需求層次的征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的確定提供依據(jù)。 本文以馬斯洛需求理論和征地補(bǔ)償價(jià)格研究的相關(guān)理論作為理論基礎(chǔ)，首先通過扎根理論的方法初步確定了失地農(nóng)民對(duì)征地補(bǔ)償?shù)男枨髮哟魏鸵蛩�，為了使得征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的構(gòu)成更為合理，通過層次分析法（簡稱AHP）進(jìn)一步分析了需求層次和因素對(duì)失地農(nóng)民的影響權(quán)重和重要程度的差別。然后根據(jù)失地農(nóng)民的需求層次因素在征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的權(quán)重，，構(gòu)建了新的征地補(bǔ)償?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)。最后本文以舟山市定海區(qū)、普陀區(qū)、臨海市為案例做了相關(guān)實(shí)證研究。考慮到征地補(bǔ)償活動(dòng)是國家、集體、個(gè)人三者關(guān)系，參與征地的基層工作人員有著長時(shí)間的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，了解失地農(nóng)民的心理，本研究調(diào)查對(duì)象主要是近年來舟山市定海區(qū)、普陀區(qū)、臨海市被征地的農(nóng)民、村集體干部和參與征地的國家基層工作人員。 研究結(jié)論如下： 1、扎根理論實(shí)證法識(shí)別出四個(gè)維度十二類失地農(nóng)民對(duì)征地補(bǔ)償?shù)男枨髮哟魏鸵蛩兀@個(gè)分類給政府部門在征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定的依據(jù)上提供了系統(tǒng)化的理論框架，為提高征地補(bǔ)償?shù)暮侠硇蕴峁┝朔较蛏系闹改稀?2、通過層次分析法對(duì)失地農(nóng)民在征地補(bǔ)償?shù)男枨髮哟魏鸵蛩氐闹匾赃M(jìn)行了分析。失地農(nóng)民各需求層次的重要性不同，各個(gè)需求層次的權(quán)重值為：生存需求權(quán)重為0.38，保障需求的權(quán)重0.25，情感需求的權(quán)重為0.21，發(fā)展需求的權(quán)重為0.16。即對(duì)失地農(nóng)民需求的重要性排序：發(fā)展需求＜情感需求＜保障需求＜生存需求。 3、當(dāng)前我國的征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)雖然參考了社會(huì)保障等因素，但其實(shí)質(zhì)還是對(duì)“地”的補(bǔ)償，而不完全是對(duì)“人”的補(bǔ)償，未來征地補(bǔ)償?shù)囊獜摹耙缘貫橹鳌备臑椤耙匀藶楸尽�，由政府主�?dǎo)型征地向市場主導(dǎo)型征地轉(zhuǎn)變。 4、不同年齡和地區(qū)對(duì)征地補(bǔ)償?shù)男枨髮哟蔚闹匾杂胁町悺Ｄ贻p人注重經(jīng)濟(jì)需求的補(bǔ)償（一次性貨幣補(bǔ)償）和就業(yè)需求，中年人側(cè)重于就業(yè)需求和發(fā)展需求（對(duì)子女的教育和創(chuàng)業(yè)）。而老人對(duì)征地補(bǔ)償中保障需求的偏好最大。 5、情感需求的比例比預(yù)期想象的要高，說明現(xiàn)在農(nóng)民自主意識(shí)提高，不再像以往只是希望征地補(bǔ)償款金額的提高，而是希望得到全方位更合理的保障，特別是在征地過程中自己參與的權(quán)利。 6、當(dāng)前我國的征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，只滿足了失地農(nóng)民的生存需求和部分保障需求。對(duì)于情感需求和發(fā)展需求的補(bǔ)償則沒有覆蓋。這也是導(dǎo)致當(dāng)前征地沖突的因素之一。 7、通過實(shí)證測算舟山市定海區(qū)、普陀區(qū)、臨海市基于失地農(nóng)民需求層次的征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為9.8～19.8萬元/畝，是當(dāng)?shù)貐^(qū)片征地價(jià)1.2～2.4倍，失地農(nóng)民的補(bǔ)償金額有了較為明顯的提高。 根據(jù)上述研究結(jié)論，本文從征地補(bǔ)償范圍的完善、相關(guān)補(bǔ)償措施的實(shí)施、依據(jù)不同群體的需求補(bǔ)償方式要有所側(cè)重、對(duì)情感需求和發(fā)展需求的重視四個(gè)方面給地方政府提出相關(guān)建議。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in the new stage of rapid economic growth, urbanization, city to accelerate the process of making a large number of rural collective land expropriation. Accompanied by a large number of land expropriation, land expropriation has become increasingly prominent. A large number of collective land expropriation for non-agricultural conversion, project construction and development. The land requisition compensation standard is not reasonable in to a certain extent violated the interests of landless peasants, which triggered the mass incidents and social contradictions emerge in an endless stream, this caused widespread concern in the community.
Review of the existing literature can be seen, the existence of the standard of Chinese land expropriation compensation problem has aroused many scholars' attention, the relevant literature is also quite rich, but to study the compensation standard of Land Expropriation from the landless peasants demand level of literature is very limited. Few articles mentioned should be to establish the compensation standard of Land Expropriation from the landless peasants but how to create demand, how to build, what is the relationship between the various levels of demand, and there is no research. In the qualitative research concentrates in the empirical literature, the field is blank. So it is necessary for the domestic and foreign existing theory of comprehensive combing, on the theoretical basis of the research and provides the basis for determining the compensation standard of land requisition land the needs of farmers based on layer.
In this paper, the theory and related theory of land expropriation compensation price of Maslow as the theoretical basis, first through the method of grounded theory was preliminarily determined the landless peasants demand levels and factors of land expropriation compensation, in order to make a more reasonable compensation standard, through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) further analysis of the demand level and influencing factors the difference of weight of the landless peasants and the important degree. Then according to the demand factors of landless peasants in land expropriation compensation standard in weight, constructs a new compensation standard. Finally, in Dinghai District, Zhoushan City, Putuo District City, the case made the relevant empirical research. Considering the compensation for land expropriation activities is the country, collectively, the relationship between the three individuals, grass-roots staff involved in land acquisition has a long time experience, understand the psychology of landless peasants, the main subjects of this research In recent years, Zhoushan City Dinghai District, Putuo District, Lin Hai City was land expropriated farmers, village collective cadres and the national grass-roots staff participating in the land expropriation.
The conclusions are as follows:
1, the grounded theory empirical method to identify the four dimensions of twelve types of landless farmers on demand levels and factors of land expropriation compensation, the classification for the government in land expropriation compensation standards on the basis of the system provides a theoretical framework, to improve the land requisition compensation rationality provides guidelines on the direction.
2, through the analytic hierarchy process of landless farmers in the importance of demand levels and factors of land expropriation compensation is analyzed. The importance of landless farmers' different needs, the weight of each level of demand value: survival needs weight is 0.38, the weight of the 0.25 security requirements, the weight of the emotional needs of 0.21, the demand for the development of weight 0.16. is the importance of the landless peasants demand sort: development needs emotional needs security needs of < < < survival needs.
3, China's current land expropriation compensation standard although the reference to social security and other factors, but its essence is to "compensation, not the" people "compensation, land acquisition compensation from the future" to "to" people-oriented ", from government leading to market leading land type of land change.
4, there are differences in the importance of different ages and areas of land requisition and compensation level of demand. Young people focus on the demand of the economic compensation (one-time monetary compensation) and employment demand, middle-aged people focus on the employment needs and development needs (for children's education and Entrepreneurship). And the old man to the maximum security needs of the preference of compensation.
5, the proportion of emotional needs is higher than expected. This shows that the improvement of farmers' self-consciousness is no longer just like the expectation of the amount of land expropriation compensation, but rather a comprehensive and reasonable guarantee, especially the right to participate in the process of land expropriation.
6, the current land expropriation compensation standard only satisfies the survival needs and some security needs of the landless farmers. The compensation for emotional needs and development needs is not covered. This is also one of the factors leading to the current land expropriation conflict.
7, through the empirical calculation, the land expropriation compensation standard of Zhoushan Dinghai District, Putuo District and Lin Hai City Based on the demand level of land lost farmers is 9.8 yuan to 198 thousand yuan / mu, when the land requisition price is 1.2 to 2.4 times, the amount of compensation for the land lost farmers has been significantly improved.
According to the above research conclusions, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions from four aspects, including the improvement of the scope of land expropriation compensation, the implementation of related compensation measures, the emphasis on the needs of different groups, the emphasis on emotional needs and development needs.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F323.6;F323.89

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