本文選題：家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)　切入點(diǎn)：農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)要素　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：工業(yè)化、信息化、新型城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化同步推進(jìn)、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略下,國(guó)家主張?jiān)谵r(nóng)業(yè)方面建立起新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)體系,在堅(jiān)持和完善以家庭承包經(jīng)營(yíng)為主體的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)制度基礎(chǔ)上,改變傳統(tǒng)分散的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式。家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)是國(guó)家構(gòu)建的新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體和重點(diǎn)扶持對(duì)象之一,但因?yàn)闆]有明確規(guī)定家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模,政界和學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)此也沒有形成共識(shí),所以地方政府在落實(shí)國(guó)家扶持政策時(shí),往往難以把握尺寸。對(duì)家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模難以形成一致意見的原因是農(nóng)業(yè)是一個(gè)涉及內(nèi)容廣泛,影響因素眾多的產(chǎn)業(yè)。本文嘗試將農(nóng)業(yè)按投入生產(chǎn)要素分為土地密集型、勞動(dòng)密集型、資本密集型和技術(shù)密集型四大類,用不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量經(jīng)營(yíng)不同農(nóng)業(yè)類別家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模,具體衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別為種植經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的純收益、外出勞務(wù)性務(wù)工人員的工資性收入水平、城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入以及技術(shù)員工的凈收入水平。鑒于家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)不同的農(nóng)業(yè)類型,收入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該更趨科學(xué)、合理。本文得到的結(jié)論如下:經(jīng)營(yíng)土地密集型農(nóng)業(yè)的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模依不同的農(nóng)作物而發(fā)生不同,經(jīng)營(yíng)水稻的規(guī)模為130畝左右,經(jīng)營(yíng)小麥的規(guī)模面積為120畝左右,經(jīng)營(yíng)玉米的規(guī)模面積為120畝左右,經(jīng)營(yíng)馬鈴薯的規(guī)模面積為20畝左右;經(jīng)營(yíng)勞動(dòng)密集型農(nóng)業(yè)的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模分為蔬菜種植的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模為15畝左右,水果種植的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模為10畝;經(jīng)營(yíng)資本密集型密集型農(nóng)業(yè)的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模有不同的衡量單位,具體為經(jīng)營(yíng)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模為10畝左右,水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模為30畝左右,養(yǎng)殖生豬的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模為250頭左右,養(yǎng)牛家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模為25頭左右;養(yǎng)羊家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的規(guī)模需要進(jìn)一步分類,肉山羊的養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模為230只左右,奶山羊的養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模為260只左右,毛山羊的養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模為125只左右;養(yǎng)殖家禽的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模也需要視情況而定,肉類家禽的養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模需要達(dá)到25000只左右,蛋類家禽的規(guī)模需要達(dá)到10000只左右;經(jīng)營(yíng)技術(shù)密集型的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模標(biāo)準(zhǔn)同樣以種植面積來(lái)衡量。這一類型的典型是種植苗木的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng),它的經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模應(yīng)在100畝左右。實(shí)際調(diào)查表明,各種類型的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模要比本文得到的規(guī)模標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要大一些,但這并不影響本文的結(jié)論,可以將本文得出的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為最低的規(guī)模要求,行政管理部門在實(shí)行家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)登記和提供政策扶持時(shí)可以有相應(yīng)的參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。明確家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模后,本文提出了政府在扶持家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)方面需要采取的政策措施:一是要增加對(duì)家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的金融扶持,是建立完善土地流轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)制三是積極落實(shí)對(duì)家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的補(bǔ)貼政策,四是加強(qiáng)對(duì)家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)者的業(yè)務(wù)培訓(xùn),通過這些措施,實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體的順利轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí),為解決農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民問題提供有益幫助。
[Abstract]:Under the national strategy of industrialization, information technology, new urbanization and agricultural modernization, and coordinated development, the state advocates the establishment of a new agricultural management system in agriculture. On the basis of persisting in and perfecting the agricultural management system with family contract management as the main body, we should change the traditional decentralized agricultural management mode. Family farm is a new type of agricultural management subject and one of the key supporting objects constructed by the state. However, because there is no clear definition of the size of family farms, and there is no consensus among political and academic circles on this, local governments, when implementing national support policies, The reason why it is difficult to agree on the management scale of family farms is that agriculture is an industry involving a wide range of contents and many influential factors. This paper attempts to divide agriculture into land intensive according to input production factors. The four categories of labor-intensive, capital-intensive and technology-intensive use different criteria to measure the size of household farms operating different types of agriculture, as measured by the net income of growing cash crops. The income level of migrant workers, the per capita disposable income of urban residents and the net income of skilled workers. In view of the different types of agriculture run by family farms, the income standard should be more scientific. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: the scale of family farm of land intensive agriculture is different according to different crops, the scale of rice management is about 130 mu, and the scale of wheat is about 120 mu. The scale of managing corn is about 120 mu, and that of potato is about 20 mu. The scale of family farm in labor-intensive agriculture is about 15 mu for vegetable planting. The scale of family farms for fruit cultivation is 10 mu; the scale of family farms for capital-intensive agriculture is measured in different units, specifically about 10 mu for family farms operating facility agriculture. The scale of the aquaculture family farm is about 30 mu, the scale of the family farm for raising live pigs is about 250, and the scale of the family farm for raising cattle is about 25; the scale of the family farm for raising sheep and sheep needs to be further classified. The scale of raising meat goats is about 230, that of dairy goats is about 260, and that of wool goats is about 125. The scale of meat and poultry needs to reach about 25000, and the scale of egg poultry needs to reach about 10000. This type of family farm, typically a family farm with seedlings, should operate on a scale of about 100 mu. The actual survey shows that, The scale of various types of family farms is larger than that obtained in this paper, but this does not affect the conclusion of this paper. The administrative departments may have corresponding reference standards when implementing the registration of family farms and providing policy support. This paper puts forward the policy measures that the government should take to support the family farm: first, to increase the financial support to the family farm; third, to establish and improve the land transfer mechanism; third, to actively implement the subsidy policy to the family farm. The fourth is to strengthen the business training of family farm operators, through these measures, to realize the smooth transformation and upgrading of the main body of agricultural management in China, and to provide beneficial help for solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F324.1

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