本文關(guān)鍵詞： 土地利用總體規(guī)劃 生態(tài)壓力 評(píng)價(jià) 結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境安全問題關(guān)系到人民群眾的人身安全,社會(huì)穩(wěn)定,區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展和子孫后代的未來。土地利用是人類影響生態(tài)環(huán)境的主要方式,我國(guó)當(dāng)前的土地管理實(shí)施土地規(guī)劃制度,由國(guó)家、省(市)、縣、鄉(xiāng)四級(jí)土地利用總體規(guī)劃主導(dǎo)地方的土地利用,這四級(jí)規(guī)劃層層控制指標(biāo)分配,體現(xiàn)了國(guó)家對(duì)土地利用實(shí)行的控制、協(xié)調(diào)、組織和監(jiān)督,具有全局性和戰(zhàn)略性。土地利用總體規(guī)劃兼顧區(qū)域發(fā)展目標(biāo)與生態(tài)建設(shè)目標(biāo),規(guī)劃期較長(zhǎng),一旦審批實(shí)施,會(huì)對(duì)區(qū)域造成根本性的生態(tài)影響,而當(dāng)前我國(guó)的規(guī)劃環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)體系并不十分完善,缺少針對(duì)小范圍,具有個(gè)性化的評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn),使得評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果可信度不高,區(qū)域適用性不強(qiáng)。本文針對(duì)縣級(jí)土地利用總體規(guī)劃展開具有區(qū)域特色的生態(tài)壓力評(píng)價(jià),研究區(qū)位于黑龍江省東南部低山丘陵區(qū),農(nóng)業(yè)和林業(yè)為主要產(chǎn)業(yè),地形復(fù)雜生態(tài)脆弱性高,面臨嚴(yán)峻的水土流失問題,且經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展滯后,土地利用效率低,本文研究成果對(duì)改善區(qū)域生態(tài)、指導(dǎo)土地利用和總體規(guī)劃審批修編具有一定的意義。建立在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文從林口縣土地利用總體規(guī)劃(2006-2020)中獲取預(yù)期土地利用變化信息,確保評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果與規(guī)劃的一致性,結(jié)合降水、土壤及人口預(yù)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)規(guī)劃可能產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)壓力從環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)和人口三個(gè)方面,選取8個(gè)指標(biāo)加以評(píng)價(jià)。采用層次分析法和專家打分法相結(jié)合的方式確定權(quán)重并進(jìn)行最后計(jì)算,避免了評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果的主觀性,同時(shí)當(dāng)?shù)貙＜业慕槿胍彩蛊涓哂械赜蜻m應(yīng)性,以行政區(qū)為評(píng)價(jià)單元,充分體現(xiàn)了不同發(fā)展重心在生態(tài)壓力上的差距,突出了規(guī)劃的影響力度,最后對(duì)林口縣11個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)進(jìn)行生態(tài)壓力分級(jí)和優(yōu)化調(diào)控的建議,同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生較大壓力的區(qū)域應(yīng)該在規(guī)劃審批時(shí)及時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)整,以保證整個(gè)規(guī)劃的生態(tài)可行性。研究結(jié)果表明,11個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中,有3個(gè)處于一級(jí)壓力等級(jí),5個(gè)處于二級(jí)壓力等級(jí),另外3個(gè)處于三級(jí)壓力等級(jí),生態(tài)壓力指標(biāo)變化率分別為10%-15%,5%-10%和0-5%。受規(guī)劃壓力影響最大的三個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)分別為規(guī)劃期的工業(yè)發(fā)展中心,旅游建設(shè)區(qū)和工礦恢復(fù)區(qū),主要脅迫因素分別為新增大量建設(shè)用地,和自然保留地大面積轉(zhuǎn)用。優(yōu)化調(diào)控要求研究區(qū)以“西北生態(tài)保護(hù)旅游區(qū)”、“中部農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合發(fā)展區(qū)”以及“東部工礦適度開發(fā)區(qū)”三大核心展開土地利用工作,并建議在規(guī)劃審批階段進(jìn)行局部調(diào)整,以使規(guī)劃具有更好的生態(tài)可接受性。
[Abstract]:The security of ecological environment is related to the people's personal safety, social stability, regional sustainable development and the future of future generations. Land use is the main way that human beings affect the ecological environment. The current land management and implementation of land planning system in China is dominated by the national, provincial (city, county, township) four levels of land use planning, and the four levels of planning layer by layer control index distribution. It reflects the national control, coordination, organization and supervision of land use. It is of overall importance and strategic. The overall land use planning takes into account regional development goals and ecological construction objectives, and the planning period is longer. Once approved and implemented, it will have a fundamental ecological impact on the region, but the current planning environment evaluation system in China is not very perfect, the lack of a small scope, with personalized evaluation criteria. The evaluation results are not reliable and regional applicability is not strong. This paper aims at the overall planning of land use at the county level to carry out the ecological pressure assessment with regional characteristics, the study area is located in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province low hilly region. Agriculture and forestry is the main industry, the topography complex ecological vulnerability is high, facing the severe soil erosion problem, and the economic development lags behind, the land use efficiency is low, the research result in this paper improves the regional ecology. It is of certain significance to guide the land use and the approval and revision of the overall planning, which is based on the existing research. This paper obtains the expected land use change information from the overall land use planning of Linkou County (2006-2020) to ensure the consistency between the evaluation results and the planning, combined with precipitation. Soil and population forecasting data may have ecological pressures on planning from three aspects: environmental, economic and demographic. Eight indexes are selected to evaluate. AHP and expert scoring method are used to determine the weight and the final calculation to avoid the subjectivity of the evaluation results. At the same time, the involvement of local experts also makes it more adaptable to the region, taking the administrative region as the evaluation unit, fully reflects the gap in the ecological pressure of different development priorities, and highlights the impact of planning. At last, the suggestions of ecological pressure classification and optimal regulation in 11 villages and towns in Linkou County were put forward. Meanwhile, the regions with greater pressure on ecological environment should be adjusted in time when planning examination and approval. In order to ensure the ecological feasibility of the whole plan, the results showed that 3 of the 11 towns were in the first grade of pressure, 5 were in the second grade of pressure, and the other 3 were in the third grade of pressure. The change rate of ecological pressure index is 10-155- 10% and 0-50.The three towns most affected by the planning pressure are the industrial development centers in the planning period. In the tourism construction area and the industrial and mining recovery area, the main stress factors are the increase of a large number of construction land, and the large area conversion of the natural reserve land, respectively. The optimization of regulation and control requires the study area to "the northwest ecological protection tourism area". The "Central Agricultural Economic Comprehensive Development Zone" and "Eastern Industrial and Mining moderate Development Zone" three core to carry out land use work, and suggested in the planning approval stage to carry on the partial adjustment. In order to make the planning more ecologically acceptable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F301.24

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本文編號(hào)：1471138