發(fā)布時間：2018-01-21 15:56

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 農(nóng)戶 投資行為 紅棗種植 影響因素　出處：《石河子大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：西部大開發(fā)以來,新疆為了配合國家退耕還林政策和三北防護林生態(tài)工程建設(shè)的有效落實,大力發(fā)展以經(jīng)濟林為主的特色林果產(chǎn)業(yè),林果產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展不僅關(guān)乎三北防護林工程成果的維護和擴展,也是促進工程建設(shè)區(qū)農(nóng)民增收、農(nóng)村繁榮、農(nóng)業(yè)增效的基礎(chǔ)。國家財政和地方政府對農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和農(nóng)業(yè)補貼投入了大量的資金,村集體和銀行信貸也是農(nóng)業(yè)投入的主要參與者,然而,這些投資主體對農(nóng)業(yè)投入比例有限,農(nóng)戶是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動的直接參與者和農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的最終受益者,農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展還需依靠廣大農(nóng)戶的生產(chǎn)性投入。然而,從全國許多地方的農(nóng)戶調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,農(nóng)戶對經(jīng)濟林果業(yè)疏于管理、投資不足的現(xiàn)象屢見不鮮,農(nóng)戶非農(nóng)就業(yè)趨勢明顯,經(jīng)濟林果業(yè)的發(fā)展速度低于政策制定的預(yù)期,政府的目標未能普遍實現(xiàn)。本研究在梳理國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻和理論基礎(chǔ)的前提下,以新疆三北防護林重點建設(shè)區(qū)域阿克蘇地區(qū)紅棗產(chǎn)業(yè)為例,在實地調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上對調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)進行整理,分析林果產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中微觀農(nóng)戶的生產(chǎn)性資金投入行為及影響因素。首先,分析阿克蘇地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型過程,紅棗種植規(guī)模、種植區(qū)域分布、品種類別、棗農(nóng)的收入和負擔(dān)情況,阿克蘇地區(qū)發(fā)展紅棗產(chǎn)業(yè)的比較優(yōu)勢以及產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展面臨的困境。其次,分析了紅棗種植過程中在資金投入方面與糧食作物之間的差異,紅棗種植農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)性資金投入行為及投資構(gòu)成,農(nóng)戶投資行為存在的問題。再次,構(gòu)建計量模型,定量分析農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)性資金投入的影響因素和影響方向、影響強度。最后,根據(jù)實證分析結(jié)果中影響因素的作用路徑,有針對性的提出提高紅棗種植農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)性資金投入的對策建議。通過本研究主要得到以下結(jié)論:(1)紅棗種植過程中,易受病蟲害和自然災(zāi)害影響,影響范圍廣;棗農(nóng)對資金和勞動力需求強度大,需要適當?shù)霓r(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)知識;化肥投入是棗農(nóng)生產(chǎn)成本中占比最大的一項。(2)農(nóng)戶進行固定生產(chǎn)性資金投入的比例較高,達到樣本總數(shù)的68.13%,畝均生產(chǎn)性資金投入平均值為2709.38元。(3)種植規(guī)模、銷售價格、戶主年齡、家庭勞動力數(shù)量、畝均成本、銷售難易程度對紅棗種植農(nóng)戶是否進行固定生產(chǎn)性資金投入影響顯著。種植規(guī)模、銷售價格、戶主年齡、畝均收入、銷售難易程度、戶主文化水平、是否有技術(shù)培訓(xùn)、是否發(fā)生災(zāi)害對農(nóng)戶畝均生產(chǎn)性資金投入規(guī)模影響顯著。本研究認為以下措施有利于提高農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)性資金投入,提高紅棗產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展步伐:(1)推進土地流轉(zhuǎn)制度改革,培養(yǎng)紅棗種植專業(yè)戶,實現(xiàn)規(guī)模化經(jīng)營;(2)提高農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)服務(wù)部門的服務(wù)水平,及時有效推廣農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù),提高農(nóng)戶的投資效率;(3)拓寬市場銷售渠道,重視產(chǎn)品宣傳推廣;(4)鼓勵農(nóng)民參加保險,降低意外災(zāi)害帶來的損失;(5)加大對農(nóng)戶的資金支持力度,合理控制農(nóng)資價格漲幅。
[Abstract]:Since the great development of the western region, in order to cooperate with the national policy of returning farmland to forests and the effective implementation of the ecological engineering construction of the three northern shelterbelts, Xinjiang has vigorously developed the characteristic forest and fruit industry with the economic forest as the main part. The healthy development of forest and fruit industry is not only related to the maintenance and expansion of the three northern shelterbelt engineering achievements, but also to promote the increase of farmers' income and rural prosperity in the construction area of the project. The basis for agricultural efficiency gains. National finance and local governments have invested heavily in agricultural infrastructure and agricultural subsidies, and village collective and bank credit have also been major players in agricultural inputs, however. These investment subjects are limited to the proportion of agricultural inputs, farmers are the direct participants in agricultural production and management activities and the ultimate beneficiaries of agricultural development. The sustainable and stable development of agricultural industry still depends on the productive input of farmers. However, the survey results of farmers in many parts of the country show that farmers do not manage the economic forest and fruit industry. The phenomenon of insufficient investment is common, the trend of non-agricultural employment of farmers is obvious, the development speed of economic forest and fruit industry is lower than the expectation of policy formulation. The goal of the government has not been generally realized. This study in the domestic and foreign literature and theoretical basis of the premise of Xinjiang Sanbei shelterbelt focus on the construction of the region Aksu jujube industry as an example. On the basis of field research, this paper analyzes the productive capital input behavior and influencing factors of micro-farmers in the development of forest and fruit industry. Firstly, it analyzes the current situation of agricultural economic development in Aksu region. The transformation process of planting structure, planting scale of red jujube, regional distribution of planting, variety type, income and burden of jujube farmers. The comparative advantage of developing jujube industry in Aksu area and the difficulties faced by industrial development. Secondly, the difference between the fund input and grain crops in the planting process of red jujube was analyzed. Jujube planting farmers productive capital investment behavior and investment composition, the problems of farmers' investment behavior. Thirdly, set up a measurement model, quantitative analysis of farmers' productive capital investment factors and impact direction. Finally, according to the empirical analysis of the impact of factors in the path. Through this study, we can get the following conclusions: 1) in the process of planting jujube, it is easy to be affected by pests and diseases and natural disasters. Wide range of influence; Jujube farmers have a strong demand for capital and labor, and need appropriate agricultural technical knowledge; Chemical fertilizer input is the most important item in jujube production cost. 2) the proportion of fixed productive fund input by farmers is higher, reaching 68.13% of the total sample. The average productive capital input per mu is 2709.38 yuan. 3) planting scale, selling price, age of head of household, number of household labor force, average cost of mu. The scale of planting, the sale price, the age of the head of household, the average income per mu, the degree of difficulty of sale, the level of education of the head of household are significantly affected by the degree of difficulty and ease of sale. Whether there is technical training or whether disasters have a significant impact on the scale of farmers' per mu productive capital investment. This study believes that the following measures are conducive to improve farmers' productive capital investment. To promote the reform of land circulation system, to train the specialized households of jujube planting, and to realize large-scale operation; (2) to improve the service level of the agricultural technical service sector, to promote the agricultural technology in a timely and effective manner, and to improve the investment efficiency of the farmers; 3) broaden the marketing channels and attach importance to the promotion of products; Encourage farmers to participate in insurance and reduce the losses caused by accidental disasters; Increase the financial support to farmers, reasonable control of agricultural price increases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F326.13

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