本文選題：中國　切入點：地方政府　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，針對市場失靈，政府開始運(yùn)用宏觀調(diào)控手段，主動干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會生活，政府的績效問題擺在了各國政府面前。在我國，中共十八屆三中全會關(guān)于“完善發(fā)展成果考核評價體系”的決定，更對提高地方政府績效提出了明確的要求。在這種情況下，為了提高資金使用效益、強(qiáng)化經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任，地方政府績效問題應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。同時，隨著社會的發(fā)展，公眾的民主政治意識越來越強(qiáng)，也使得地方政府主動關(guān)注自身績效，以便優(yōu)化政府職能，強(qiáng)化政府責(zé)任。伴隨著地方政府績效評估實踐的開展，西方國家的學(xué)者們也開始了對地方政府績效的研究，地方政府績效的研究在西方國家取得了重大的進(jìn)展，對地方政府績效實踐的開展起到了重要的推動作用。 與國外開展的轟轟烈烈的地方政府績效實踐相比，我國的地方政府績效實踐仍處于起步階段，但中國很多地方政府在績效管理方面已進(jìn)行了許多有益的探索，也取得了一定的成效。如青島市、沈陽市、上海市楊浦區(qū)、江蘇省南通市、河南省洛陽市等地方政府順應(yīng)形勢發(fā)展需要，創(chuàng)新方式，針對自身特點，開展了多種形式的地方政府績效管理工作，形成了各具特色的地方政府績效管理實踐，推動了地方政府績效實踐在中國的開展，探索出了一些行之有效的做法與經(jīng)驗。 本文在對地方政府績效相關(guān)理論闡釋的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)2013年11月12日中國共產(chǎn)黨第十八屆三中全會通過的《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》精神及2013年12月6日中共中央組織部發(fā)出的《關(guān)于改進(jìn)地方黨政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部政績考核工作的通知》精神，設(shè)計了本文擬采用的中國地方政府績效的指標(biāo)體系，并利用因子分析法在損失較少數(shù)據(jù)信息的基礎(chǔ)上把多個指標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)化為幾個有代表意義的綜合指標(biāo)，然后利用DEA模型，針對中國統(tǒng)計年鑒提供的2012年度全國31個省（區(qū)、市）的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，通過數(shù)據(jù)處理、因子載荷矩陣得出因子分析的得分。接著將全國31個�。▍^(qū)、市）視為31個決策單元，選擇產(chǎn)出導(dǎo)向、規(guī)模報酬可變的DEA模型測算地方政府工作績效，得到全國31個省（區(qū)、市）的政府工作綜合效率、工作技術(shù)效率、工作規(guī)模效率、工作規(guī)模報酬狀況、工作投入松弛變量。最后對31個�。▍^(qū)、市）政府投入產(chǎn)出的相對有效性進(jìn)行分析。 接下來，，針對DEA的實證分析，本文探討了中國地方政府績效存在的問題。并在此基礎(chǔ)上，分析了存在此類問題的原因，主要體現(xiàn)在地方政府績效立法、績效管理、財政政策、評估結(jié)果利用等四個方面。 最后，在借鑒英國、美國和日本等發(fā)達(dá)國家在提升地方政府績效方面的主要經(jīng)驗和做法的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了相應(yīng)的提升中國地方政府績效的對策建議。
[Abstract]:After the second World War, in view of the market failure, the government began to use macro-control measures to actively intervene in economic and social life. The performance of the government was put in front of the governments of all countries. In our country, The decision of the third Plenary session of the 18 Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on "perfecting the evaluation system of development achievements" has put forward clear requirements for improving the performance of local governments. In this case, in order to improve the efficiency of the use of funds and strengthen economic responsibility, At the same time, with the development of the society, the democratic political consciousness of the public is becoming stronger and stronger, which also makes the local government pay attention to its own performance actively in order to optimize the government function. With the development of the practice of local government performance evaluation, scholars in western countries have begun to study the performance of local government, and the research of local government performance has made great progress in western countries. It plays an important role in promoting the practice of local government performance. Compared with the vigorous practice of local government performance in foreign countries, the practice of local government performance in our country is still in its infancy, but many local governments in China have carried out many beneficial explorations in the aspect of performance management. The local governments in Qingdao, Shenyang, Yangpu District of Shanghai, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, Luoyang City, Henan Province, and so on, have also made certain achievements. They have adapted to the needs of the development of the situation, innovated their ways, and adapted to their own characteristics. It has carried out various forms of local government performance management, formed the local government performance management practice with its own characteristics, promoted the development of local government performance practice in China, and explored some effective practices and experiences. Based on the explanation of the relevant theories of local government performance, According to the spirit of the "decision of the CPC Central Committee on comprehensively deepening several important issues" adopted at the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on November 12th 2013, and the < on Reform issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on December 6th 2013. To advance the spirit of the local party and government leading bodies and leading cadres in the assessment of their political achievements, This paper designs the index system of Chinese local government performance, and uses factor analysis method to transform multiple indicators into several representative comprehensive indicators based on less data loss, and then uses DEA model. According to the statistical data of 31 provinces (districts and cities) provided by China Statistical Yearbook in 2012, the factor load matrix is used to get the score of factor analysis through data processing, and then 31 provinces (districts and cities) are regarded as 31 decision making units. The DEA model of output oriented and variable scale reward is used to measure the performance of local government, and the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, scale efficiency and reward of work scale of 31 provinces (districts and municipalities) are obtained. Finally, the relative effectiveness of input and output of 31 provinces (districts and municipalities) was analyzed. Then, based on the empirical analysis of DEA, this paper discusses the problems existing in the performance of local government in China. On this basis, it analyzes the reasons for these problems, which are mainly reflected in local government performance legislation, performance management, and fiscal policy. The evaluation results are used in four aspects. Finally, based on the main experiences and practices of the developed countries such as Britain, the United States and Japan in improving the performance of local governments, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the performance of local governments in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F812.5

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本文編號：1578501