本文關(guān)鍵詞： 低碳偏好 碳減排 隨機(jī)需求 碳交易模型 供應(yīng)鏈協(xié)調(diào)　出處：《電子科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的趨勢下,面對日益嚴(yán)重的全球氣候變暖問題,降低碳排放強度、發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)成為世界各國接受的通識做法。近年來,隨著國家產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和優(yōu)化,我國節(jié)能減排面臨日益嚴(yán)峻的壓力。同時,我國碳排放權(quán)交易的快速發(fā)展,以及節(jié)能技術(shù)、固碳技術(shù)等多種低碳技術(shù)的逐漸成熟,企業(yè)進(jìn)行減排變得更加切實可行。從企業(yè)自身的角度來看,制造企業(yè)進(jìn)行減排不僅是展示良好的社會責(zé)任感和企業(yè)形象,更密切關(guān)系其生產(chǎn)決策、競爭能力和利潤。另外,消費者對于環(huán)境問題日益關(guān)注,影響低碳產(chǎn)品的市場需求,進(jìn)而影響企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)決策。故將消費者低碳偏好因素和減排決策引入到傳統(tǒng)的供應(yīng)鏈協(xié)調(diào)問題,在理論研究和實際應(yīng)用中都具有重要意義。本文主要研究消費者低碳偏好對供應(yīng)鏈上企業(yè)的決策影響,分析不同減排方式的減排效果,以及對不同需求條件下的供應(yīng)鏈制定了相應(yīng)的協(xié)調(diào)策略。首先構(gòu)建確定性需求下的二級供應(yīng)鏈,通過將消費者低碳偏好系數(shù)和制造商單位減排量引入傳統(tǒng)的需求函數(shù)中,研究消費者低碳偏好對產(chǎn)品批發(fā)價、減排量以及制造商利潤的影響。重點分析了制造商不減排、自愿減排、碳交易以及碳稅等情境下,不同減排方式的減排效果差異以及產(chǎn)品批發(fā)價、制造商利潤的變化。在隨機(jī)需求的供應(yīng)鏈模型中,研究了制造商不減排和碳交易減排兩種模式,分析了經(jīng)銷商最優(yōu)訂貨量變化、制造商和經(jīng)銷商利潤的變化以及減排的社會效益。首先,通過構(gòu)建確定性需求的模型,研究結(jié)果顯示消費者低碳偏好能促進(jìn)制造商進(jìn)行減排,而低碳技術(shù)的成本上升會導(dǎo)致單位減排量降低。在單位減排量的最優(yōu)解存在的條件下,消費者低碳偏好提高,制造商的單位減排量均增加;碳交易價格一定程度地增加,制造商的單位減排量會提升,而碳稅的稅率升高,制造商的單位減排量是緩慢降低。當(dāng)碳交易價格和碳稅的稅率分別低于相應(yīng)的臨界值時,碳交易和碳稅模式下制造商的單位減排量均大于自愿減排模式。其次,隨著消費者低碳偏好的升高,通過自愿減排、碳交易和碳稅等減排模式,制造商的利潤均有所增加。在消費者低碳偏好水平較低時,自愿減排的制造商利潤最高,碳稅次之,碳交易模式制造商的利潤最低。隨著消費者低碳偏好水平的升高,三種模式制造商的利潤均在逐步增加,碳交易模式下制造商的利潤增長最為明顯,其次是碳稅,自愿減排的制造商利潤增長最緩慢。同時,碳交易價格的升高,制造商的利潤是先降低后增加;碳稅的稅率升高,制造商的利潤是逐漸降低的。再次,對隨機(jī)需求的模型分析得到,制造商減排能促進(jìn)經(jīng)銷商訂貨量的提升。當(dāng)碳交易價格低于某一臨界值,單位減排量小于減排閾值,制造商在碳交易模式下進(jìn)行減排時,制造商、經(jīng)銷商的利潤均比不減排模式有所提高,即可以實現(xiàn)帕累托改進(jìn)。另外,只有當(dāng)?shù)吞技夹g(shù)的成本系數(shù)在一定范圍內(nèi),制造商進(jìn)行減排供應(yīng)鏈的總體碳排放量才能降低。本文運用Mathematica8.0分析平臺進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行數(shù)值分析,對模型中的相關(guān)結(jié)論進(jìn)行驗證。此外,運用Shapley值法和收益共享合同對確定性需求和隨機(jī)需求的供應(yīng)鏈模型制定了協(xié)調(diào)策略。
[Abstract]:In the trend of world economic globalization, facing the increasingly serious problem of global warming, reducing carbon emission intensity, the development of low-carbon economy has become the world accepted general practice. In recent years, with the adjustment and optimization of the national industrial structure, energy conservation and emission reduction in China is facing increasingly severe pressure. At the same time, the rapid development of our China's carbon emissions trading, and energy-saving technology, a variety of solid carbon technology of low carbon technology gradually mature, enterprises become more feasible. To reduce emissions from their own perspective, manufacturing enterprises emission reduction is not only showing good sense of social responsibility and corporate image, more closely related to the production decision, competition ability and profit. In addition, consumers are increasingly concerned about the environment, low carbon products in the market demand, thereby affecting the company's production decision. It will be the consumer preference factors and low carbon emission reduction will Supply chain coordination strategy is introduced to the traditional problem, is of great significance in both theoretical research and practical application. This paper mainly studies the consumer preference for low carbon enterprises on the supply chain decision analysis, different way of reducing emissions reductions, as well as the different needs under the condition of supply chain coordination strategy formulated accordingly. Firstly two level supply chain under deterministic demand, the consumer demand function of low carbon preference coefficient and unit emission reductions into traditional manufacturers, consumers of low carbon preference on the wholesale price of products, and the effects of emission reduction manufacturers profit. Focus on the analysis of the manufacturer is not reduction, voluntary emissions, carbon trading and carbon tax under the situation of different way of reducing emissions reduction effect and wholesale price, the profit of the manufacturer. Changes in the supply chain model with stochastic demand, the manufacturer does not reduce Carbon trading and emission reduction of two modes, analyzes the change of distributor optimal order quantity, change of manufacturers and distributors of the profit and reduction of social benefits. First of all, through the construction of deterministic demand model, the results show that consumer preferences can promote the low carbon emission reduction manufacturers, and low carbon technologies will lead to rising cost reductions reduced. The solvability conditions in the optimal unit of emission reductions, consumers of low carbon emission reduction units to improve the preference, manufacturers increased; carbon trading price increases to a certain extent, the manufacturer's unit emission reduction will increase, while the carbon tax rate increases, manufacturers unit reductions are slowly reduced. When the price of carbon and carbon tax rates were lower than the corresponding critical value, the manufacturer's unit reduction of carbon emissions trading and carbon tax mode is greater than the voluntary emission reduction mode. Secondly, consumers with low carbon offset Good rise, through voluntary emission reduction, carbon trading and carbon tax reduction mode, the manufacturer's profits have increased. Low carbon preference in the consumer level is low, the voluntary emission reduction manufacturers profit is highest, the carbon tax, carbon trading mode manufacturers profit lowest. With the increase of low carbon preference level of the consumer. Three modes of manufacturer's profits are gradually increasing, profit growth of manufacturer's carbon trading mode is most obvious, followed by the carbon tax, voluntary manufacturers profit growth most slowly. At the same time, increase the price of carbon, the manufacturer's profit is first decreased and then increased; the carbon tax rate increases, the manufacturer's profit is decreased. Again, on the stochastic demand model analysis, the manufacturer can promote the reduction of dealer orders to enhance the amount of carbon trading. When the price is lower than a critical value, the unit emission reduction emission reduction is less than the threshold, the manufacturer The emission reduction in carbon trading mode, manufacturers, dealers are not profit reduction mode is improved, which can realize the Pareto improvement. In addition, only when the cost of low carbon technology coefficient in a certain range, the overall carbon emissions to reduce supply chain manufacturers reduced. This paper uses Mathematica8.0 analysis platform for further numerical analysis, to verify the conclusions of the model. In addition, the use of Shapley value method and the revenue sharing contract of supply chain model of deterministic demand and stochastic demand, develop a coordinated strategy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X24;F832.5

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