【摘要】：食品是人類生存和發(fā)展的第一需求,食品安全牽涉每個人的利益,也關(guān)系到國計(jì)民生和社會和諧與穩(wěn)定。食品業(yè)涉及農(nóng)業(yè)、加工業(yè)、分銷業(yè)、餐飲業(yè)、食品相關(guān)產(chǎn)品制造業(yè)、食品相關(guān)服務(wù)業(yè)等行業(yè),而且產(chǎn)品品項(xiàng)繁多,工藝繁雜,食品安全危害又可以在食品鏈中傳遞,這些特點(diǎn)決定了食品安全管理具有極高的難度。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮,花樣繁多的食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)層出不窮,如轉(zhuǎn)基因、輻照等新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,新型添加物的違規(guī)使用,新型過敏源的出現(xiàn),人為的蓄意破壞,這些都給食品安全管理帶來新的挑戰(zhàn)。以往對食品安全相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究多集中在產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而對管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究較少。不管從國際還是國內(nèi)來看,食品安全管理體系標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都是指導(dǎo)企業(yè)建立以預(yù)防為主的食品安全體系的最重要的導(dǎo)則性文件,同時也是合格評定領(lǐng)域推行體系認(rèn)證,減少貿(mào)易成本的重要準(zhǔn)則。當(dāng)前國際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展日趨成熟,對于食品的貿(mào)易,各國都采取了極為謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度,不同國家和地區(qū)除了規(guī)定各類食品的產(chǎn)品要求外,都提出了各自的食品安全管理要求,要求食品鏈中的各方通過應(yīng)用管理體系,在過程中消除或降低食品安全危害到可接受水平。我國也建立了自己的食品安全管理體系標(biāo)準(zhǔn),然而實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn),國內(nèi)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)很難得到國外客戶的承認(rèn)。所以,對國際先進(jìn)組織的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行研究、比對,找出我國食品安全管理體系標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與其之間的差距,進(jìn)而為尋求國際互認(rèn)提供參考,成為了一項(xiàng)迫切的任務(wù)。本文主要通過基準(zhǔn)比較的方法研究了國內(nèi)典型食品安全管理體系標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與全球食品安全倡議(GFSI)指導(dǎo)文件要求的差異,并針對差異提出相應(yīng)的建議。文章主體分為兩部分：第一部分介紹了我國食品安全管理體系標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的現(xiàn)狀,對目前存在的各類食品安全管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行的匯總分析,摸清了現(xiàn)狀。第二部分首先介紹了目前已經(jīng)通過GFSI認(rèn)可的兩個典型食品安全方案的概況,其次便是本文的核心內(nèi)容,對GFSI指導(dǎo)文件進(jìn)行分析,與我國現(xiàn)行的兩個典型食品安全方案(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))進(jìn)行基準(zhǔn)比較,逐一分析了各項(xiàng)要求的差異,最終分別找出12項(xiàng)和13項(xiàng)存在缺失的內(nèi)容,并給出改進(jìn)的建議。
[Abstract]:Food is the first need for human survival and development. Food safety involves the interests of everyone, as well as the national economy and people's livelihood and social harmony and stability. The food industry involves agriculture, processing industry, distribution industry, catering industry, food related products manufacturing industry, food related service industry, and so on. Moreover, the products are numerous and complicated, and food safety hazards can be transmitted in the food chain. These characteristics determine that food safety management is extremely difficult. With the development of science and technology and the prosperity of the market economy, various food safety risks emerge in endlessly, such as the application of new technologies such as transgenic, irradiation and other new technologies, the illegal use of new additives, the emergence of new allergens, and man-made vandalism. All these bring new challenges to food safety management. Previous studies on food safety standards focused on product standards, but less on management standards. Both internationally and domestically, the food safety management system standards are the most important guiding documents for enterprises to establish a food safety system based on prevention, and it is also the implementation of system certification in the field of conformity assessment. Important guidelines for reducing trade costs. At present, the development of international trade is becoming more and more mature. All countries have taken a very cautious attitude towards food trade. In addition to stipulating the product requirements of various kinds of food, different countries and regions have put forward their own requirements for food safety management. The parties in the food chain are required to eliminate or reduce food safety hazards to an acceptable level by applying the management system. China has also established its own standards for food safety management system. However, it is found in practice that the domestic standards are difficult to be recognized by foreign customers. Therefore, it is an urgent task to study and compare the standards of international advanced organizations, to find out the gap between the standards of food safety management system of our country and their standards, and to provide reference for seeking international mutual recognition. In this paper, the difference between the standard of typical food safety management system and the requirement of (GFSI) guidance document of the Global Food Safety Initiative is studied by the method of benchmark comparison, and the corresponding suggestions are put forward for the difference. The main body of the article is divided into two parts: the first part introduces the current situation of food safety management system standards in China, summarizes and analyzes all kinds of existing food safety management standards, and finds out the present situation. The second part firstly introduces two typical food safety programs that have been approved by GFSI at present. Secondly, the core content of this paper is analyzed, and the GFSI guidance document is analyzed. Comparing with the current two typical food safety schemes (standards) in China, the differences of each requirement are analyzed one by one. Finally, 12 items and 13 items of missing contents are found out, and suggestions for improvement are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F203

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本文編號：2413508