河南省城鎮(zhèn)規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)向問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-12 12:32
【摘要】：城鎮(zhèn)化是伴隨著非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展而發(fā)生的農(nóng)業(yè)剩余勞動力被非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)吸納、農(nóng)村人口向城市遷徙，以及原有城市不斷擴張和新城市不斷誕生成長的過程。在這一過程中，生產(chǎn)要素向哪集聚？勞動力及人口往哪里流動？產(chǎn)業(yè)在哪里成長？在哪兒建設(shè)城市？建設(shè)多少城市？建設(shè)多大規(guī)模的城市？哪兒的城市會擴張的更快？密度更大？城市的形態(tài)是什么樣的？總之，隨著產(chǎn)業(yè)成長和人口流動的趨勢的不斷加強，一個國家或者一國內(nèi)部某一特定地區(qū)城市的空間結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)會朝著什么方向演化？城市的最終形態(tài)或成熟形態(tài)是什么樣的？這些問題不僅是持續(xù)令人關(guān)注的重大理論問題，，更是對城鎮(zhèn)化負有規(guī)劃和引導(dǎo)責任的各級政府無法回避的重大現(xiàn)實問題。 從上世紀八十年代開始，就城市發(fā)展規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)向的問題，我國學(xué)術(shù)界掀起了一場曠日持久的、激烈的大討論。以著名社會學(xué)家費孝通先生為代表的小城鎮(zhèn)派從的當時的基本國情以及各種法律、政策出發(fā)，認為小城鎮(zhèn)具有發(fā)展成本小，農(nóng)民遷入門檻低的優(yōu)勢，發(fā)展小城鎮(zhèn)是我國城鎮(zhèn)化進程中基于現(xiàn)實情況的最佳選擇，由于小城鎮(zhèn)派的觀點很好的融合了當時政府關(guān)于城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展的考慮以及工業(yè)化導(dǎo)向政策的轉(zhuǎn)變，成為了當時的主流認知并得到了官方的認可。90年代中期開始，小城鎮(zhèn)及鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)的種種弊端逐漸顯露，人們對大城市的功能和效率優(yōu)勢認識越來越清晰，主張重點發(fā)展大城市的觀點得到了更多人的認同。隨后一些學(xué)者對以上兩種觀點進行折中，提出了中等城市論。在各種城市化道路激勵爭辯的時候，一些學(xué)者認為由政府主導(dǎo)的單一的某種模式是對我國城鎮(zhèn)化的禁錮，各個地區(qū)應(yīng)該根據(jù)自身的實際情況，選擇不同的城鎮(zhèn)化道路，也就是多元論。小城鎮(zhèn)的弊端十分明顯，隨著產(chǎn)業(yè)和人口加速向大城市聚集，大城市的交通擁堵、房價高漲等“城市病”也開始顯現(xiàn)，人們又認同了“大中小合理城鎮(zhèn)體系”的多元論的說法。此后，還出現(xiàn)了主張發(fā)展大都市圈，城市群的觀點。但是，就全國或一個地區(qū)來說，究竟哪個空間該發(fā)展更多和規(guī)模更大的城市？吸納更多的人口？哪個空間只適合發(fā)展數(shù)量較少和規(guī)模較小的城市？或者說城鎮(zhèn)體系的空間結(jié)構(gòu)是什么樣的？大中小城市各自都該容納多少城鎮(zhèn)人口？或者說城鎮(zhèn)體系的規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)是什么樣的？現(xiàn)有的研究成果或政府的相關(guān)指導(dǎo)文件均沒有給出明確的回答。 河南省是一個大城市、大農(nóng)村并存典型傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)區(qū)，人口基數(shù)大、農(nóng)業(yè)人口數(shù)量多，是中國社會的縮影。建國后，河南省在“一五”期間快速地建立起自身的工業(yè)體系，60年代中期因為“三線建設(shè)”獲得了大量政策扶持，工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值連續(xù)多年保持20%以上的高速增長，有效的帶動了城鎮(zhèn)化率的提升。改革開放后，作為內(nèi)陸省份，河南省沒能繼續(xù)享受政策的傾斜，工業(yè)增速開始下降，城鎮(zhèn)化率的增速也隨之下降并長期落后于全國平均水平。進入新世紀，河南省開始融入全國乃至全球的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移序列中，工業(yè)的發(fā)展有了很大改觀，與之前相比人口流動的方向、規(guī)模和頻率展現(xiàn)出明顯的差異，特點十分鮮明。勞動力是最容易跟蹤觀察的生產(chǎn)要素，將人口近似的看作勞動力，通過跟蹤并預(yù)測其未來的流向，就能大致判斷出產(chǎn)業(yè)向哪里聚集，未來哪里經(jīng)濟發(fā)展?jié)摿Υ�，哪里的城市�?guī)模會擴張，哪里的會收縮。這一系列的變化對各級政府提出了新的要求，能不能及時掌握人口的流動趨勢并對未來做出預(yù)判，如何尊重并順應(yīng)市場的選擇，合理引導(dǎo)城鎮(zhèn)體系的調(diào)整，關(guān)系到資源能否實現(xiàn)優(yōu)化配置，經(jīng)濟是否能夠高效運行。在這一過程中，轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，尊重市場行為，處理好政府和市場的關(guān)系是極為關(guān)鍵的環(huán)節(jié)。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is a process in which surplus agricultural labor force is absorbed by non-agricultural industries, rural population migrates to cities, and the original cities are expanding and new cities are growing. In this process, where are the factors of production gathered? Where are the labor force and population flowing? Where is the industry growing? How many cities will be built? How many cities will be built? Where will the cities expand faster? Where will they be denser? What is the shape of the city? In short, with the development of industry and the increasing trend of population flow, the spatial structure and scale structure of a country or a specific region of the city will be toward. What direction does the city evolve? What is the final form or mature form of the city? These are not only important theoretical issues of sustained concern, but also important practical problems that governments at all levels shoulder the responsibility of planning and guiding urbanization.
Since the 1980s, there has been a protracted and heated discussion on the orientation of the scale and structure of urban development in China's academic circles. The development of small towns is the best choice based on the reality in the process of urbanization in our country because of the advantages of low threshold for migration. Because the views of the small town school merged well with the consideration of urban and rural development and the transformation of industrialization-oriented policy of the government at that time, it became the mainstream cognition and got the official recognition. At first, the malpractices of small towns and township enterprises gradually revealed, people's understanding of the functions and efficiency advantages of big cities became clearer and clearer, and the viewpoint of emphasizing the development of big cities was accepted by more and more people. Some scholars argue that a single mode dominated by the government is an imprisonment on China's urbanization and that different regions should choose different ways of urbanization, i.e. pluralism, according to their own actual conditions. Since then, there have been views on the development of metropolitan areas and urban agglomerations. However, as far as the whole country or a region is concerned, which space should develop more and larger cities? Which space is suitable only for the cities with less quantity and smaller scale? Or what is the spatial structure of the urban system? How many urban population should each large, medium and small cities accommodate? Or what is the scale structure of the urban system? Answer.
Henan Province is a big city with a large rural area and a typical traditional farming area. It has a large population base and a large number of agricultural population, which is the epitome of Chinese society. After the reform and opening up, Henan Province, as an inland province, has not been able to enjoy the inclination of the policy, the industrial growth rate has begun to decline, and the urbanization rate has also declined and lagged behind the national average for a long time. In the sequence of global industrial transfer, the development of industry has changed a lot. Compared with the former, the direction, scale and frequency of population flow show obvious differences, and the characteristics are very distinct. This series of changes put forward new requirements for governments at all levels, whether they can grasp the trend of population flow in time and make a forecast for the future, how to respect and comply with the market choice, and reasonably guide the urban system. Adjustment is related to the optimal allocation of resources and the efficient operation of the economy. In this process, it is a crucial link to transform government functions, respect market behavior and deal with the relationship between the government and the market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F299.27
本文編號：2239020
[Abstract]:Urbanization is a process in which surplus agricultural labor force is absorbed by non-agricultural industries, rural population migrates to cities, and the original cities are expanding and new cities are growing. In this process, where are the factors of production gathered? Where are the labor force and population flowing? Where is the industry growing? How many cities will be built? How many cities will be built? Where will the cities expand faster? Where will they be denser? What is the shape of the city? In short, with the development of industry and the increasing trend of population flow, the spatial structure and scale structure of a country or a specific region of the city will be toward. What direction does the city evolve? What is the final form or mature form of the city? These are not only important theoretical issues of sustained concern, but also important practical problems that governments at all levels shoulder the responsibility of planning and guiding urbanization.
Since the 1980s, there has been a protracted and heated discussion on the orientation of the scale and structure of urban development in China's academic circles. The development of small towns is the best choice based on the reality in the process of urbanization in our country because of the advantages of low threshold for migration. Because the views of the small town school merged well with the consideration of urban and rural development and the transformation of industrialization-oriented policy of the government at that time, it became the mainstream cognition and got the official recognition. At first, the malpractices of small towns and township enterprises gradually revealed, people's understanding of the functions and efficiency advantages of big cities became clearer and clearer, and the viewpoint of emphasizing the development of big cities was accepted by more and more people. Some scholars argue that a single mode dominated by the government is an imprisonment on China's urbanization and that different regions should choose different ways of urbanization, i.e. pluralism, according to their own actual conditions. Since then, there have been views on the development of metropolitan areas and urban agglomerations. However, as far as the whole country or a region is concerned, which space should develop more and larger cities? Which space is suitable only for the cities with less quantity and smaller scale? Or what is the spatial structure of the urban system? How many urban population should each large, medium and small cities accommodate? Or what is the scale structure of the urban system? Answer.
Henan Province is a big city with a large rural area and a typical traditional farming area. It has a large population base and a large number of agricultural population, which is the epitome of Chinese society. After the reform and opening up, Henan Province, as an inland province, has not been able to enjoy the inclination of the policy, the industrial growth rate has begun to decline, and the urbanization rate has also declined and lagged behind the national average for a long time. In the sequence of global industrial transfer, the development of industry has changed a lot. Compared with the former, the direction, scale and frequency of population flow show obvious differences, and the characteristics are very distinct. This series of changes put forward new requirements for governments at all levels, whether they can grasp the trend of population flow in time and make a forecast for the future, how to respect and comply with the market choice, and reasonably guide the urban system. Adjustment is related to the optimal allocation of resources and the efficient operation of the economy. In this process, it is a crucial link to transform government functions, respect market behavior and deal with the relationship between the government and the market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F299.27
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