【摘要】：本文以當(dāng)前社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展下就業(yè)矛盾日益突出的現(xiàn)象為大背景,從勞動(dòng)力市場供需匹配角度研究大學(xué)生就業(yè)難問題。面對當(dāng)前大學(xué)生供需狀況的迅速改變,大學(xué)生勞動(dòng)力市場的承載能力在“量”和“質(zhì)”兩方面達(dá)到瞬時(shí)飽和,就業(yè)難度急劇增加,就業(yè)質(zhì)量急劇降低。大學(xué)生在求職過程中很難找到適合的工作,而用人單位在招聘過程中也較難找到適合的人才。大學(xué)生與目前勞動(dòng)力市場之間的供求失衡,造成了社會(huì)需求與人才供給的錯(cuò)位,大學(xué)生面臨著就業(yè)難和就業(yè)質(zhì)量低的問題,這將引致個(gè)人、家庭以及社會(huì)對教育資本投入的損失,并對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長產(chǎn)生消極影響。 因此,為了找到大學(xué)生就業(yè)難和就業(yè)質(zhì)量低的深層次原因,從而解決大學(xué)生就業(yè)問題,本文通過規(guī)范分析與實(shí)證分析結(jié)合的方法對大學(xué)生就業(yè)問題進(jìn)行了研究。在對以往文獻(xiàn)回顧的基礎(chǔ)上,通過分析我國大學(xué)生就業(yè)概況及大學(xué)生勞動(dòng)力市場的供需現(xiàn)狀,總結(jié)出目前我國大學(xué)生勞動(dòng)力市場確實(shí)存在大學(xué)生勞動(dòng)力的供需不匹配問題。在對大學(xué)生勞動(dòng)力市場供需現(xiàn)狀的分析中,本文基于行業(yè)分組數(shù)據(jù)從行業(yè)角度入手,利用實(shí)證分析方法,通過將勞動(dòng)力分類為一般技能勞動(dòng)力和高素質(zhì)技能勞動(dòng)力,引入生產(chǎn)函數(shù)模型,回歸分析得出一般技能勞動(dòng)力和高素質(zhì)技能勞動(dòng)力對不同行業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)率,并通過與目前我國各行業(yè)對大學(xué)生吸納能力的比較分析,結(jié)合不同行業(yè)與學(xué)科專業(yè)設(shè)置的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,詳細(xì)地分析了我國各行業(yè)視角下大學(xué)生供需的表現(xiàn)及問題：一方面,一些行業(yè)未能充分發(fā)揮大學(xué)生人力資本的作用,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與管理方式有待優(yōu)化與改進(jìn)；另一方面,一些專業(yè)的大學(xué)生培養(yǎng)力度與培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量有待進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)與提高。 然后,本文針對目前我國大學(xué)生供需不匹配問題的現(xiàn)狀,從勞動(dòng)力供給、勞動(dòng)力需求、大學(xué)生心理、體制因素幾個(gè)角度分析了我國大學(xué)生供需不匹配問題的成因,并將成因深層次的歸納為教育體制與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不匹配。最后,根據(jù)成因提出國家在長期內(nèi)深化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,加強(qiáng)高等教育改革,以解決大學(xué)生就業(yè)問題的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the increasingly prominent employment contradiction in the current social and economic development, this paper studies the employment difficulties of college students from the point of view of matching the supply and demand of labor market. Facing the rapid change of college students' supply and demand, the carrying capacity of college students' labor market has reached instantaneous saturation in both quantity and quality, the difficulty of employment has increased sharply, and the quality of employment has decreased sharply. It is difficult for college students to find suitable jobs in the process of seeking employment, and it is also difficult for employers to find suitable talents in the process of recruitment. The imbalance between supply and demand between college students and the current labor market has resulted in the dislocation of social demand and talent supply. College students are faced with the problems of difficult employment and low employment quality, which will lead to individuals. The loss of investment in education by families and society has a negative impact on economic growth. Therefore, in order to find out the deep-seated causes of the difficulty and low quality of employment for college students, this paper studies the employment of college students by combining normative analysis with empirical analysis. On the basis of reviewing the previous literatures, this paper analyzes the employment situation of college students in China and the supply and demand situation of college students' labor market, and concludes that there is a problem of mismatch between supply and demand of college students' labor force in the current labor market of college students in our country. In the analysis of the supply and demand situation of the college students' labor market, this paper starts from the industry angle based on the industry grouping data, and classifies the labor force into general skilled labor force and high quality skilled labor force by using the empirical analysis method. With the introduction of production function model, the contribution rate of general skilled labor force and high quality skilled labor force to different industries is obtained by regression analysis. Combined with the corresponding relationship between different industries and disciplines, this paper analyzes in detail the performance and problems of college students' supply and demand from the perspective of different industries: on the one hand, some industries fail to give full play to the role of college students' human capital. On the other hand, the training strength and quality of some college students need to be further strengthened and improved. Then, in view of the current situation of supply and demand mismatch of college students in our country, this paper analyzes the causes of the mismatch of supply and demand of college students from the aspects of labor supply, labor demand, college students' psychology and system factors. And will cause the deep-level induction for the education system and the industrial structure does not match. Finally, according to the cause of formation, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on how to deepen the adjustment of industrial structure and strengthen the reform of higher education in order to solve the employment problem of college students in the long term.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F249.21

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 謝維和;對口與適應(yīng)——高校人才培養(yǎng)與勞動(dòng)力市場的兩種關(guān)系模式[J];北京大學(xué)教育評論;2004年04期

2 湯敏;;關(guān)于擴(kuò)招的幾個(gè)問題[J];北京大學(xué)教育評論;2006年02期

3 賴德勝;勞動(dòng)力市場分割與大學(xué)畢業(yè)生失業(yè)[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2001年04期

4 周建安;;中國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級與就業(yè)問題的灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析[J];財(cái)經(jīng)理論與實(shí)踐;2006年05期

5 黃大勇;房朝君;程文莉;;高校專業(yè)設(shè)置與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的關(guān)聯(lián)性研究[J];重慶工商大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2011年02期

6 楊河清;李曉曼;;北京地區(qū)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生需求分析及對策探討[J];中國人才;2008年13期

7 岳昌君,文東茅,丁小浩;求職與起薪:高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)競爭力的實(shí)證分析[J];管理世界;2004年11期

8 李文利,閔維方;我國高等教育發(fā)展規(guī)模的現(xiàn)狀和潛力分析[J];高等教育研究;2001年02期

9 劉志業(yè),欒開政,李衛(wèi)東;教育過度與高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)問題分析[J];高等教育研究;2003年04期

10 田永坡;;高等教育擴(kuò)展與“知識(shí)失業(yè)”:國外的研究和經(jīng)驗(yàn)[J];高等教育研究;2006年07期

，

本文編號：2185458