本文選題：異質(zhì)型人力資本 + 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)　； 參考：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)60年代，美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家舒爾茨創(chuàng)立了人力資本理論，從而開(kāi)辟了理論界對(duì)人力資本與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)關(guān)系研究的嶄新思路。該理論指出：人力資本，即人的知識(shí)、能力、健康等，這些因素的提高對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)，比日益增長(zhǎng)的物質(zhì)、勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量的增加，顯得更為重要。現(xiàn)代人力資本理論的相關(guān)研究也直指人力資本對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的作用機(jī)制，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)不同類型的人力資本對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的作用機(jī)制不同。隨之，人力資本作為獨(dú)立的生產(chǎn)要素被納入經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)模型之中。而異質(zhì)型人力資本作為一種特殊的人力資本，在知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的作用日益凸顯。 本文依據(jù)“提出問(wèn)題-界定問(wèn)題-理論分析-實(shí)證分析-總結(jié)討論”的思路，從對(duì)異質(zhì)型人力資本的內(nèi)涵界定、形成機(jī)理、計(jì)量測(cè)度等基礎(chǔ)研究出發(fā)，理論上分析了異質(zhì)型人力資本對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的三大作用機(jī)制及影響機(jī)理，并在聯(lián)合作用機(jī)制下，建立了一個(gè)既能表征異質(zhì)型人力資本的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和技術(shù)模仿作用，又能表征其對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)最終產(chǎn)出作用的一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)模型，實(shí)證分析了我國(guó)總量異質(zhì)型人力資本對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的作用情況，分區(qū)域研究了異質(zhì)型人力資本對(duì)我國(guó)東、中、西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的作用情況，進(jìn)一步分析了造成區(qū)域間經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)差異的原因，并給出相關(guān)結(jié)論和政策建議。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，異質(zhì)型人力資本是一種具有邊際報(bào)酬遞增生產(chǎn)力屬性的人力資本，它主要通過(guò)教育和干中學(xué)途徑形成。傳統(tǒng)的通過(guò)受教育年限對(duì)異質(zhì)型人力資本的計(jì)量方法不能全面刻畫其邊際報(bào)酬遞增的生產(chǎn)力屬性，而本文加入的新指標(biāo)——學(xué)歷指數(shù)，從知識(shí)累積效應(yīng)的角度為解決這一問(wèn)題提供了新方法。通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)證結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析和總結(jié)歸納得出：總量異質(zhì)型人力資本及我國(guó)東、中、西部地區(qū)不同類型異質(zhì)型人力資本對(duì)無(wú)論是全國(guó)還是各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)都具有顯著影響。從全國(guó)來(lái)看，異質(zhì)型人力資本正通過(guò)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和最終產(chǎn)出作用于我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，且其技術(shù)創(chuàng)新作用已顯現(xiàn)出對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的巨大潛能。從區(qū)域來(lái)看，東部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)主要依靠高等教育程度的人力資本通過(guò)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)生推動(dòng)作用；中部地區(qū)主要依靠中、高等教育程度的人力資本與資本等要素的有效配合通過(guò)最終產(chǎn)出作用于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)；而西部地區(qū)則通過(guò)初等教育程度的人力資本作用于最終產(chǎn)出和高等教育程度的人力資本促進(jìn)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，雙效拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：幾乎所有地區(qū)高等教育程度的人力資本，通過(guò)技術(shù)進(jìn)步促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，而初等教育程度的人力資本則不通過(guò)，且后者明顯對(duì)技術(shù)進(jìn)步存在一定程度的阻礙作用。 因此，建議地方政府在利用有限資源對(duì)教育進(jìn)行投資時(shí)，應(yīng)將資源合理地分配到各級(jí)教育中。具體地，首先要不斷加強(qiáng)我國(guó)中、高等教育程度的人力資本投資，中等教育應(yīng)在擴(kuò)大規(guī)模的基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)鞏固加強(qiáng)，而高等教育的發(fā)展應(yīng)從擴(kuò)大規(guī)模向提高教育質(zhì)量轉(zhuǎn)移。其次，要引導(dǎo)和推動(dòng)人力資本的合理流動(dòng)，提高人力資本配置效率，在配置過(guò)程中，要著力提高研發(fā)部門中，，高等教育程度的人力資本比率，同時(shí)，增加最終產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)部門中，中等教育程度的人力資本占比。最后，通過(guò)加強(qiáng)區(qū)域間的合作與交流，建設(shè)人力資本制度環(huán)境等，充分發(fā)揮各層次人力資本的空間外溢性，從而促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的均衡協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In 1960s, American economist Schultz founded the theory of human capital, which opened up a new way of thinking about the relationship between human capital and economic growth. This theory points out that human capital, that is, human knowledge, ability, health, and so on, the contribution of these factors to economic growth is more than the growing material, labor force. The related research of modern human capital theory also directly refers to the mechanism of human capital's effect on economic growth. It is found that different types of human capital have different mechanisms of action on economic growth. Accordingly, human capital is incorporated into the economic growth model as an independent factor of production. As a special kind of human capital, force capital plays a more and more important role in economic growth in the era of knowledge economy.
This paper, based on the idea of "putting forward questions - definition problem - theoretical analysis - Empirical Analysis - summary discussion", is based on the basic research on the definition, mechanism and measurement of heterogeneous human capital, and theoretically analyzes the three mechanism and mechanism of heterogeneous human capital to economic growth and the mechanism of joint action. At the same time, it establishes a technology innovation and technology imitating function which can not only characterize the heterogeneous human capital, but also characterizing a more complex production function model of its effect on the final output of economic growth. It empirically analyses the application of the total amount of human capital to the economic growth in China, and studies the heterogeneous human capital in the sub region. On the role of economic growth in East, middle and western regions of China, the reasons for the differences in economic growth between regions are further analyzed, and relevant conclusions and policy suggestions are given.
It is found that the heterogeneous human capital is a kind of human capital with the property of increasing marginal returns, which is formed mainly through education and secondary school. The index of academic degree provides a new method to solve this problem from the point of knowledge accumulation effect. Through the comparative analysis and summary of the empirical results, it is concluded that the different types of human capital of the total amount of human capital and the different types of human capital in the East and the West are significant to the national or regional economic growth. From the national point of view, the heterogeneous human capital is acting on China's economic growth through technological innovation and final output, and its technological innovation has shown great potential for economic growth. From the region, the economic growth of the eastern region depends on the technological innovation of human capital in the higher education process. In the middle area, the effective cooperation between the human capital and the capital of higher education is mainly dependent on the final output. In the western region, the human capital in the final output and the degree of higher education can promote technological innovation through the human capital of the primary education, and the economic growth is driven by double effect. It is found that the human capital of higher education in almost all regions promotes economic growth through technological progress, while the human capital of primary education is not passed, and the latter has a certain degree of hindrance to technological progress.
Therefore, it is suggested that local governments should allocate resources rationally to all levels of education in the use of limited resources for education. In particular, we should strengthen human capital investment in the middle and higher education levels in our country. Secondary education should continue to consolidate and strengthen on the basis of expanding the scale, and the development of higher education should be expanded from the rules of expansion. Second, we should guide and promote the rational flow of human capital and improve the efficiency of human capital allocation. In the process of allocation, we should improve the human capital ratio in the R & D department and the degree of higher education. At the same time, the ratio of human capital to the middle education level in the final product production department is increased. We should strengthen cooperation and exchange among regions, build up the environment of human capital system and so on, give full play to the space spillover of human capital at all levels, so as to promote the balanced and coordinated development of regional economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F249.21;F127

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