本文選題：西部地區(qū) + 省會(huì)城市��； 參考：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施以來,西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入了高速發(fā)展的歷史時(shí)期。就增長(zhǎng)速度而言,西部地區(qū)的發(fā)展遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)快于東部地區(qū)。但是從總量上來看東西部地區(qū)的差距越來越大。東部地區(qū)的優(yōu)先發(fā)展也比西部地區(qū)更早地面對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與資源環(huán)境之間的尖銳矛盾。為了應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn),東部沿海地區(qū)開始走低碳城市的發(fā)展之路,試圖探索出一條與自然環(huán)境和諧相處的可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路。在這方面東部城市已經(jīng)積累了大量的經(jīng)驗(yàn)：天津市與新加坡合作建立了中新生態(tài)城,通過開發(fā)新能源,綠色建筑,綠色交通幾個(gè)方面的城市規(guī)劃和設(shè)計(jì)建設(shè)出一個(gè)低碳的,生態(tài)的新城。上海市從和中新生態(tài)城的路徑一樣的新能源、環(huán)保建筑以及燃料電池公交等多方面探索實(shí)現(xiàn)在崇明島建立碳中和地區(qū)的目標(biāo)。此外蘇州確立以節(jié)能環(huán)保為核心的產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)為主打造低碳示范產(chǎn)業(yè)園。杭州則通過公共自行車項(xiàng)目實(shí)現(xiàn)城市的低碳化交通�？偟膩砜�,東部城市已經(jīng)通過多種途徑的協(xié)調(diào)配合積累起有效的低碳城市建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。與東部城市低碳城市建設(shè)多點(diǎn)開花的局面不同,西部地區(qū)的低碳城市建設(shè)實(shí)踐還是零零碎碎而且手段也較為單一,例如貴陽市提出建立低碳社區(qū),重慶市提出建立低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)園的目標(biāo)。這也說明,西部地區(qū)還不像東部地區(qū)那樣面臨著尖銳的環(huán)境矛盾。因此低碳城市的建設(shè)也并不像東部地區(qū)那樣迫切,也可以說西部地區(qū)政府還沒有轉(zhuǎn)變“唯GDP論”的意識(shí)。工作重點(diǎn)依然在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。但是,從長(zhǎng)期來看,西部地區(qū)必然面臨著比東部更為嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn),這是由于資源稟賦所決定的。西部地區(qū)地形復(fù)雜,生態(tài)環(huán)境極為脆弱,但是作為中國的生態(tài)屏障,環(huán)境保護(hù)又極其重要。另一方面,西部地區(qū)資源豐富,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平相對(duì)較低,要發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)只能依靠自然資源的開發(fā)。因此造就了一大批的資源型城市例如攀枝花、蘭州市、榆林市、鄂爾多斯市。這些資源型城市因某種資源而興起,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)單一,轉(zhuǎn)型也很困難。另外,西部地區(qū)的城市化水平還很低,隨著城市化水平的不斷提高,人口逐漸向城市聚集,這將給城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展帶來巨大的壓力。因此低碳化的發(fā)展成為西部地區(qū)發(fā)展的必然選擇,同時(shí),由于發(fā)展相對(duì)不足,和東部地區(qū)相比付出的環(huán)境代價(jià)相對(duì)較小,如果轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展理念,選擇低碳的發(fā)展路徑,必定能夠以盡量小的代價(jià)換來西部地區(qū)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 本文將立足于西部,在參考和借鑒國內(nèi)外的研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,重新定義低碳城市,并且構(gòu)建低碳城市綜合發(fā)展的評(píng)價(jià)體系對(duì)西部11個(gè)省會(huì)城市進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),找出它們?cè)诘吞汲鞘邪l(fā)展過程中的優(yōu)勢(shì)及不足。利用建立起的系統(tǒng)的低碳城市發(fā)展路徑有針對(duì)性的提出各個(gè)城市未來的發(fā)展重點(diǎn)。具體內(nèi)容分為六個(gè)章節(jié)： 在緒論部分,本文首先介紹了論文的選題背景、研究的意義及研究的方法。低碳城市評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系的構(gòu)建是定量描述低碳城市建設(shè)狀況的基礎(chǔ),建立科學(xué)合理的指標(biāo)體系將降低評(píng)價(jià)過程中的操作難度并提高評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果的有效性,具有極強(qiáng)的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。而且對(duì)西部11個(gè)省會(huì)城市的評(píng)價(jià)將填補(bǔ)整個(gè)西部地區(qū)低碳城市發(fā)展水平的實(shí)證研究的空白。因此,本文的研究具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 第二章是對(duì)低碳城市以及低碳城市實(shí)證研究相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的綜述。在對(duì)國內(nèi)外低碳城市文獻(xiàn)研究的基礎(chǔ)上提出了低碳城市的定義。這也是后面建立指標(biāo)體系的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。然后對(duì)低碳城市評(píng)價(jià)的研究方法進(jìn)行梳理評(píng)價(jià),提出了本文的研究手段即以層次分析法和因子分析法相結(jié)合的方式展開對(duì)低碳城市綜合發(fā)展水平的評(píng)價(jià)。 第三章提出了低碳城市相關(guān)的重要理論。包括市場(chǎng)失靈理論、環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論、生態(tài)學(xué)理論與可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論。這些理論的總結(jié)和研究將有助于進(jìn)一步明確低碳城市的內(nèi)涵,為構(gòu)建低碳城市的評(píng)價(jià)體系提供更為清晰的理論支持。 第四章是實(shí)證研究部分,也是本文的重點(diǎn)。主要分為兩個(gè)方面,首先從低碳城市的內(nèi)涵出發(fā),結(jié)合相關(guān)的理論基礎(chǔ),利用多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析手段建立起包含目標(biāo)層、準(zhǔn)則層以及具體指標(biāo)三個(gè)層次的低碳城市綜合發(fā)展水平的評(píng)價(jià)體系。其次,搜集11個(gè)西部省會(huì)城市2010年的指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)利用多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析SPSS軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,利用因子分析法給11個(gè)省會(huì)城市賦分,并對(duì)分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行聚類分析將其按發(fā)展水平分為較高、一般和很低三個(gè)大類。并且分析了不同城市在各個(gè)公共因子上的表現(xiàn)得出相關(guān)的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足。 第五章將主要討論低碳城市的建設(shè)路徑。低碳城市建設(shè)路徑是國內(nèi)學(xué)者研究的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域,但是學(xué)者們通常只是從單個(gè)方面提出建議。缺乏全面系統(tǒng)的建構(gòu)。本文就試圖將前人的研究成果結(jié)合起來,構(gòu)建起一個(gè)系統(tǒng)完備的低碳城市發(fā)展路徑。具體來講,就是將低碳城市建設(shè)分為宏觀和微觀兩個(gè)層面。在宏觀層面上通過發(fā)展新能源實(shí)現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)過程的進(jìn)口環(huán)節(jié)的低碳化,而通過低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)、低碳建筑以及低碳交通降低在經(jīng)濟(jì)過程的轉(zhuǎn)化環(huán)節(jié)的二氧化碳排放。通過發(fā)展碳捕獲和封存技術(shù)吸收經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳,最終達(dá)到碳循環(huán)的平衡。在微觀層面,則通過建設(shè)低碳園區(qū)和低碳社區(qū)以及規(guī)范消費(fèi)行為等幾個(gè)方面實(shí)現(xiàn)城市的低碳化。除此之外,以低碳城市規(guī)劃協(xié)調(diào)各個(gè)方面的建設(shè)。以碳交易機(jī)制為核心的市場(chǎng)機(jī)制以及碳稅為核心的政府調(diào)控為驅(qū)動(dòng),從而建立系統(tǒng)的低碳城市發(fā)展路徑體系。第四章的研究基礎(chǔ)之上,本章將結(jié)合省會(huì)城市低碳發(fā)展中存在的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的闡釋。 第六章則是總結(jié)了的本文研究的不足之處,并且提出對(duì)未來相關(guān)研究的展望。 本文的主要貢獻(xiàn)有下面三點(diǎn)：一是構(gòu)建指標(biāo)體系并將之用于實(shí)證評(píng)價(jià)。這就克服了低碳城市研究方面重理論分析而缺乏實(shí)證分析的缺陷。在實(shí)證分析的過程中兼顧了指標(biāo)體系的覆蓋面和數(shù)據(jù)的可得性,因此極具操作性。二是研究對(duì)象選擇西部11個(gè)省會(huì)城市進(jìn)行比較評(píng)價(jià)。鑒于省會(huì)城市在區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)中的巨大影響,對(duì)省會(huì)城市的研究也就能了解西部地區(qū)低碳城市發(fā)展的整體水平。以前的實(shí)證研究多選擇某一個(gè)城市為研究對(duì)象,本文的出現(xiàn)將填補(bǔ)這方面實(shí)證研究的空白。三是,在研究前人關(guān)于低碳城市建設(shè)路徑的基礎(chǔ)上提出了一個(gè)系統(tǒng)而完備的低碳城市建設(shè)體系,具有較強(qiáng)的指導(dǎo)作用。 由于本文建立的是包含15個(gè)具體指標(biāo)的指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)體系并且研究的是西部11個(gè)省會(huì)城市的低碳城市發(fā)展水平,因此數(shù)據(jù)的搜集難度較大。因此選擇了2010年這個(gè)略微成就的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。其次,由于時(shí)間和經(jīng)歷的限制,本文只是將西部地區(qū)的11個(gè)省會(huì)城市進(jìn)行比較,并沒有將其放在全國范圍內(nèi)與中東部地區(qū)城市加以比較研究,這就不能夠很好地發(fā)現(xiàn)與東中部的差距。由于筆者的知識(shí)和閱歷有限,論文中不可避免地會(huì)存在錯(cuò)誤和疏漏之處,懇請(qǐng)各位老師、專家不吝賜教。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of the western development strategy, the western region economy has entered a historical period of rapid development. As far as the growth rate is concerned, the development of the western region is far faster than the eastern region. However, the gap between the eastern and western regions is becoming more and more large. The priority development of the eastern region is also earlier than the western region to face the economic development and capital. In order to meet the challenge, the eastern coastal areas have begun to lower the development road of the carbon cities and try to explore a sustainable development road to the harmonious relationship with the natural environment. In this respect, the eastern cities have accumulated a lot of experience: the Tianjin city and the new Canadian slope have established a new ecological city, through the development of the new ecological city. New energy, green building, green transportation in several aspects of urban planning and design to build a low carbon, ecological new town. Shanghai city from the new ecological city of the same path of new energy, environmental building and fuel cell bus and other aspects of exploration to achieve the goal of building a carbon neutral area in Chongming Island. In addition, Suzhou established a section. The key industry upgrading is to build a low carbon demonstration Industrial Park. Hangzhou has achieved low carbon traffic through the public bicycle project. In general, the eastern cities have accumulated effective low carbon city construction experience through coordination and coordination of various ways. In the same way, the construction practice of low carbon cities in the western region is still 00 broken and the means are relatively simple. For example, Guiyang proposed the establishment of low carbon community, and Chongqing put forward the goal of setting up a low carbon industrial park. This also shows that the western region is not facing sharp environmental contradictions in the eastern region. So the construction of low carbon cities is not similar. The eastern region is so urgent, it can be said that the western region government has not changed the "only GDP theory" consciousness. The focus of the work is still to develop the economy. However, in the long run, the western region is bound to face a more severe environmental challenge than the East, which is determined by the resource endowment. The terrain of the western region is complex and the ecological environment is very crisp. Weak, but as the ecological barrier of China, environmental protection is very important. On the other hand, the western region is rich in resources and the level of economic development is relatively low. The development of economy can only rely on the development of natural resources. Therefore, a large number of resource based cities, such as Panzhihua, Lanzhou, Yulin and Ordos, have been created. Because of some kind of resources, the industrial structure is single and the transformation is difficult. In addition, the level of urbanization in the western region is still very low. With the continuous improvement of the urbanization level, the population is gradually gathered to the city, which will bring great pressure to the sustainable development of the city. Therefore, the development of low carbon has become the inevitable choice for the development of the western region. Due to the relative shortage of development, the environmental cost of the eastern region is relatively small. If we change the concept of development and choose the low carbon development path, it will be able to change the sustainable development of the western region at the minimum cost.
Based on the west, this paper redefines low carbon cities on the basis of reference and reference to domestic and foreign research results, and constructs a evaluation system for the comprehensive development of low carbon cities to evaluate the 11 provincial capital cities in the west, and find out their advantages and disadvantages in the development of low carbon cities. The development path will focus on the future development priorities of each city. The specific content can be divided into six chapters.
In the introduction part, this paper first introduces the background of the topic, the significance of the research and the method of research. The construction of the low carbon city evaluation index system is the basis of quantitative description of the construction of low carbon city, and the establishment of a scientific and reasonable index system will reduce the difficulty of operation in the evaluation process and improve the effectiveness of the evaluation results, which is very strong. The evaluation of the 11 provincial capital cities in the West will fill the blank of the empirical research on the development level of the low carbon cities in the whole western region. Therefore, the study of this paper has important theoretical and practical significance.
The second chapter is a summary of the related literature of low carbon cities and low carbon cities. On the basis of the literature research of low carbon cities at home and abroad, the definition of low carbon cities is put forward. This is the starting point of establishing the index system. Then, the research methods of low carbon City evaluation are reviewed and evaluated, and the research means of this paper are put forward. That is to say, the analytic hierarchy process and factor analysis method are combined to evaluate the comprehensive development level of low carbon cities.
The third chapter puts forward the important theories of low carbon cities, including market failure theory, environmental economics theory, ecology theory and sustainable development theory. The summary and research of these theories will help to further clarify the connotation of low carbon cities, and provide more clear theoretical support for the construction of low carbon city evaluation system.
The fourth chapter is an empirical research part, and also the focus of this article. It is divided into two aspects. First of all, starting from the connotation of low carbon city, combined with the relevant theoretical basis, the evaluation system of the comprehensive development level of low carbon cities including target layer, standard layer and specific index is set up by means of multivariate statistical analysis. Secondly, the collection of the comprehensive development level of low carbon cities is collected. The index data of 11 western provincial capital cities in 2010 are processed by the multivariate statistical analysis SPSS software, and the factor analysis method is used to assign 11 provincial capital cities, and the analysis results are classified into higher, general and low three categories according to the development level, and the public factors in different cities are analyzed. The performance of the related advantages and disadvantages.
The fifth chapter will mainly discuss the construction path of low carbon cities. The construction path of low carbon cities is the key field of domestic scholars, but scholars are usually only proposed from a single aspect. The lack of comprehensive system construction. This paper attempts to combine the achievements of previous studies and build a systematic and comprehensive development road of low carbon cities. Concretely speaking, the construction of low carbon cities is divided into two levels of macro and micro. At the macro level, the low carbonization of the import link in the economic process is realized through the development of new energy, and the carbon dioxide emissions in the transformation link of the economic process are reduced through low carbon industries, low carbon buildings and low carbon traffic. And the sequestration technology absorbs the carbon dioxide produced in the economic activity, and finally reaches the balance of the carbon cycle. At the micro level, the low-carbon city is realized by building low carbon Park and low carbon community and standardizing the consumption behavior. In addition, the construction of various aspects of the co modulation of low carbon urban planning is taken as the core of carbon trading mechanism. The market mechanism of the heart and the government regulation of carbon tax as the core are driven to establish a system of low carbon urban development path system. Based on the study of the fourth chapter, this chapter will explain the advantages and disadvantages of the low carbon development in the provincial capital city.
The sixth chapter summarizes the shortcomings of this study, and puts forward the prospect for future research.
The main contributions of this paper are the following three points: first, constructing the index system and applying it to the empirical evaluation. This has overcome the shortcomings of the theoretical analysis of low carbon city research and lack of empirical analysis. In the process of empirical analysis, the coverage of the index system and the availability of the data are taken into account, so the two is the research object. In view of the huge impact of the provincial capital cities in the regional economy, the research on the provincial capital cities will be able to understand the overall level of the development of the low carbon cities in the western region. The previous empirical studies have chosen a certain city as the research object, and the appearance of this article will fill the void of the empirical research in this area. The three is that, on the basis of the research on the construction path of low carbon cities, a systematic and complete low carbon city construction system has been put forward, which has a strong guiding role.
Since this paper is to establish an index evaluation system containing 15 specific indicators and study the development level of low carbon cities in the 11 provincial capital cities of the west, the data collection is difficult. Therefore, the data of this slight achievement in 2010 is selected to carry out an empirical analysis. Secondly, from the limitation of time and experience, this article is only the West. The comparison of the 11 provincial capital cities in the region has not been compared with the cities in the Middle East, which will not be able to find the gap between the eastern and central regions. Because of the limited knowledge and experience of the author, there will inevitably be mistakes and omissions in the paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X321;F299.27

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