發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-28 09:10

  本文選題：農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化 + 金融支持　； 參考：《煙臺(tái)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：幾千年以來(lái)，我國(guó)一直是以農(nóng)業(yè)作為生存和發(fā)展的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)，農(nóng)業(yè)的興衰對(duì)整個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展起到至關(guān)重要的作用。但由于種種歷史因素和現(xiàn)實(shí)因素的影響，我國(guó)政府一直十分重視重工業(yè)的發(fā)展，并在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)期內(nèi)提出優(yōu)先發(fā)展重工業(yè)的政策，，使得農(nóng)業(yè)一直處于弱勢(shì)地位，農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展更是十分緩慢。近年來(lái)，黨中央認(rèn)識(shí)到三農(nóng)問(wèn)題的重要性，并確立起農(nóng)業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)發(fā)展中的全局性和基礎(chǔ)性地位，出臺(tái)了多項(xiàng)措施，把解決農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村農(nóng)民作為全黨工作的重心。如:直接對(duì)農(nóng)民給予補(bǔ)貼、免征農(nóng)業(yè)稅和農(nóng)業(yè)特產(chǎn)稅等,這些措施對(duì)于緩解三農(nóng)問(wèn)題起到了一定的作用，但要真正解決貧困問(wèn)題，實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村地區(qū)的繁榮，最本質(zhì)的方面在于實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化。大力推動(dòng)農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程，對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)、提高農(nóng)民人均收入水平、消除城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。而要使這些愿景得以實(shí)現(xiàn)就離不開(kāi)大量的資本積累和投入，就需要金融機(jī)構(gòu)的支持。但是目前我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融系統(tǒng)的服務(wù)還很不到位，農(nóng)信社和農(nóng)業(yè)銀行都無(wú)法滿足農(nóng)村發(fā)展的各項(xiàng)資本要求，農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)利息率高、借款期短等問(wèn)題都成為限制農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的瓶頸。因此，如何認(rèn)識(shí)和解決農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化過(guò)程中的融資困難的問(wèn)題，需要我們進(jìn)行深入的探討。 本文首先對(duì)城市化和城鎮(zhèn)化的相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行對(duì)照辨析，總結(jié)出中國(guó)城市化的發(fā)展歷程及金融支持城鎮(zhèn)化的內(nèi)容和意義，然后主要介紹了農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化過(guò)程中各種金融支持的現(xiàn)狀及供求矛盾，主要包括農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的公共性與金融機(jī)構(gòu)的盈利性矛盾、城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)對(duì)資金的大量需求與資金外流的矛盾、資金需求多樣化與金融支持種類少的矛盾以及金融服務(wù)單一與金融需求多樣化矛盾等四個(gè)方面。并對(duì)國(guó)外城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程中金融支持的作用進(jìn)行分析比較，美國(guó)政府主要采用發(fā)行市政債券、資產(chǎn)證券化和設(shè)立基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施基金等方式來(lái)為城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)融資，同時(shí)還建立了一套發(fā)達(dá)的農(nóng)村金融系統(tǒng)來(lái)支持當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展；法國(guó)政府也利用其發(fā)達(dá)的資本市場(chǎng)來(lái)為城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)融資，手段和方式更加多樣，包括財(cái)政稅收、基金債券投資、企業(yè)投資、銀行貸款和保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)參與等方式；日本政府則較重視民間資本的引入，同時(shí)采取鼓勵(lì)工商企業(yè)進(jìn)駐農(nóng)村、設(shè)立農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)、發(fā)行地方債券等方式進(jìn)行融資。文章最后歸納出我國(guó)金融支持在城市化過(guò)程中暴露出的主要問(wèn)題，并提出加強(qiáng)金融支持的建議和路徑，以期使金融支持能更好的服務(wù)于我國(guó)的農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化。
[Abstract]:For thousands of years, China has been taking agriculture as the leading industry for survival and development. The rise and fall of agriculture plays a vital role in the development of the whole country's economy. However, due to the influence of various historical and realistic factors, our government has always attached great importance to the development of heavy industry, and has put forward the policy of giving priority to the development of heavy industry for a long period of time. As a result, agriculture has always been in a weak position. The development of rural economy is very slow. In recent years, the CPC Central Committee has recognized the importance of the "three rural issues" and established the overall and basic position of agriculture in the development of economic construction, and has put forward many measures to solve the problem of agricultural rural farmers as the focus of the work of the whole Party. For example, direct subsidies to farmers and exemption from agricultural taxes and agricultural taxes have played a certain role in alleviating the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, but it is necessary to really solve the problem of poverty and achieve prosperity in rural areas. The most essential aspect lies in the realization of rural urbanization. Vigorously promoting the process of urbanization in rural areas is of great practical significance for realizing the scale economy of agriculture, raising the level of farmers' per capita income, and eliminating the dual economic structure between urban and rural areas. If these visions are to be realized, they can not be realized without a large amount of capital accumulation and investment, and the support of financial institutions is needed. However, at present, the services of the rural financial system in our country are still very inadequate. Neither the Rural Credit Cooperative nor the Agricultural Bank can meet the various capital requirements for rural development, and the interest rate of the agricultural industry is high. The short loan period and other problems have become the bottleneck of restricting the process of rural urbanization. Therefore, how to understand and solve the problem of financing difficulties in the process of rural urbanization needs to be deeply discussed. In this paper, the author compares and analyzes the related problems of urbanization and urbanization, and summarizes the development course of urbanization in China and the content and significance of financial support for urbanization. Then it mainly introduces the current situation of various financial support and the contradiction between supply and demand in the process of rural urbanization, mainly including the contradiction between the public nature of rural infrastructure and the profitability of financial institutions. There are four aspects: the contradiction between the large amount of capital demand and the outflow of capital, the contradiction between the diversification of capital demand and the small variety of financial support, and the contradiction between the single financial service and the diversification of financial demand. By analyzing and comparing the role of financial support in the process of urbanization in foreign countries, the US government mainly uses the methods of issuing municipal bonds, asset securitization and setting up infrastructure funds to finance urban construction. At the same time, it has also established a developed rural financial system to support the development of local agriculture; the French government has also used its developed capital market to finance urban construction in a variety of ways, including fiscal taxation, fund bond investment, The Japanese government pays more attention to the introduction of private capital, and encourages industrial and commercial enterprises to enter the countryside, set up rural financial institutions and issue local bonds for financing. Finally, the paper summarizes the main problems of financial support in the process of urbanization in China, and puts forward suggestions and ways to strengthen financial support, in order to make financial support better serve the urbanization of rural areas in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：煙臺(tái)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F299.21;F832

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