本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國制造業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率測度及影響因素分析　出處：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析 全要素生產(chǎn)率 技術(shù)進(jìn)步 技術(shù)效率 影響因素

【摘要】：制造業(yè)是國家競爭力增強(qiáng)的關(guān)鍵和基礎(chǔ),對(duì)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展起著重要的推動(dòng)作用。即使進(jìn)入當(dāng)今信息化時(shí)代,制造業(yè)發(fā)展的規(guī)模和程度仍然是衡量一個(gè)國家綜合實(shí)力的重要標(biāo)志之一。從世界范圍來看,目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國,仍然是制造業(yè)最發(fā)達(dá)的國家。美國強(qiáng)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)就在于其以先進(jìn)科技為基礎(chǔ)建立了強(qiáng)大的制造業(yè)。德國和日本在二戰(zhàn)后能夠迅速崛起為經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國,也和其建立具有很強(qiáng)競爭力的技術(shù)密集型制造業(yè)體系,并大量出口高附加值制造業(yè)產(chǎn)品,并最終在國際分工中贏得了有利的貿(mào)易條件密不可分。因此,堅(jiān)定發(fā)展制造業(yè)使我們國家實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化和工業(yè)化,是躋身世界強(qiáng)國的必由之路。 改革開放以來,中國制造業(yè)利用相對(duì)低廉的土地、人力、能源和環(huán)境保護(hù)成本等優(yōu)勢,實(shí)現(xiàn)了高速增長。但隨著勞動(dòng)力成本和環(huán)境保護(hù)成本上升、人民幣升值及出口退稅政策的調(diào)整,中國制造業(yè)賴以生存的條件正逐漸散失,從而競爭優(yōu)勢也逐漸降低。我們可以看到轉(zhuǎn)型和升級(jí)是當(dāng)前中國制造業(yè)無法回避的問題,只有靠轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)才能從根本上解決各種矛盾、困難和問題。 在我國制造業(yè)近年來發(fā)展的背后,作為轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式和提高增長質(zhì)量的重要組成部分,全要素生產(chǎn)率的變化情況究竟如何?作為全要素生產(chǎn)率的組成部分,技術(shù)效率和技術(shù)進(jìn)步的變動(dòng)情況如何?全要素生產(chǎn)率在我國制造業(yè)各行業(yè)間的變動(dòng)情況又有哪些異同?影響我國制造業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率變動(dòng)的影響因素有哪些?需要采取哪些舉措來進(jìn)一步提高我國制造業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率的水平?以上都是本文試圖回答的問題,也是本文的寫作初衷。 本文首先利用基于數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析法的Malmquist指數(shù)方法測算我國制造業(yè)各細(xì)分行業(yè)、按用途屬性劃分的制造業(yè)、按技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分的制造業(yè)在2001-2011年間的全要素生產(chǎn)率、技術(shù)效率和技術(shù)進(jìn)進(jìn)步的變動(dòng)情況,揭示其在11年間的變動(dòng)規(guī)律。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在技術(shù)進(jìn)步方面,制造業(yè)各行業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步趨勢基本一致,在2000-2011年間都有較大的提高；在技術(shù)效率方面,則有少數(shù)行業(yè)存在下降趨勢,即使某些行業(yè)存在技術(shù)效率增長,其提高的幅度也是比較低的。因此,我國制造業(yè)的全要素生產(chǎn)率的提高主要得益于技術(shù)進(jìn)步的拉動(dòng),而技術(shù)效率的貢獻(xiàn)偏低。 其次,采用多元回歸模型分析影響我國全要素生產(chǎn)率變動(dòng)的因素,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)人力資源素質(zhì)的提高、科技投入的加強(qiáng)、對(duì)外開放的深化、市場開放的深入都對(duì)中國制造業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率的提高起到了顯著的作用。 針對(duì)以上的分析,論文最后一部分提出了提高制造業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率的政策建議,從提高人力資源素質(zhì)、促進(jìn)技術(shù)進(jìn)步、加快所有制結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和深化對(duì)外開放等四個(gè)層面依次展開。提高人力資源素質(zhì)層面主要有：重視發(fā)展教育；加強(qiáng)科技人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè)；形成以市場為導(dǎo)向的人力資源開發(fā)機(jī)制。著力發(fā)展教育；樹立正確的知識(shí)生產(chǎn)效率觀；形成以市場為導(dǎo)向的人力資源開發(fā)機(jī)制。促進(jìn)技術(shù)進(jìn)步層面主要有：充分發(fā)揮政府在構(gòu)建技術(shù)創(chuàng)新體系中的主導(dǎo)作用；確定企業(yè)在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新體系中的主體地位；加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié)合；注重改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。加快所有制結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整層面有：加快促進(jìn)國有經(jīng)濟(jì)的重組改革；大力發(fā)展非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)。深化對(duì)外開放層面有：擴(kuò)大對(duì)外貿(mào)易；靈活執(zhí)行“引進(jìn)來、走出去”的外貿(mào)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略；加強(qiáng)信息預(yù)警機(jī)制,建立和完善信息交流平臺(tái)。 與以往對(duì)我國制造業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率的研究相比,本論文的研究有以下幾點(diǎn)創(chuàng)新之處： (1)本文采用基于DEA模型的Malmquist指數(shù)分析方法不僅對(duì)制造業(yè)各細(xì)分行業(yè)的全要素生產(chǎn)率進(jìn)行研究,還利用行業(yè)加權(quán)方法,對(duì)按用途屬性劃分的制造業(yè)和按技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分的制造業(yè)的全要素生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)進(jìn)行了分項(xiàng)指標(biāo)(技術(shù)進(jìn)步指數(shù)和技術(shù)效率指數(shù))的實(shí)證研究,并據(jù)此進(jìn)行全面系統(tǒng)的比較分析,具有更強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 (2)本文在借鑒以往文獻(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)上,比較系統(tǒng)的對(duì)人力資源素質(zhì)、技術(shù)投入、市場開放程度、對(duì)外開放程度、政府干預(yù)程度等影響全要素生產(chǎn)率水平的內(nèi)、外因素進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析。 (3)在研究時(shí)間上,本文選擇2001-2011年的數(shù)據(jù)作為樣本來研究我國制造業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率。已有文獻(xiàn)的研究數(shù)據(jù)選取多截止到2009年前,而實(shí)際上我國于2008年經(jīng)歷金融危機(jī),2010年開始,我國才從金融危機(jī)的影響中走向復(fù)蘇。因此本文將用于分析我國制造業(yè)的全要素生產(chǎn)率增長狀況的時(shí)間序列延伸至2011年,對(duì)于研究我國制造業(yè)在新階段的發(fā)展動(dòng)向,有著重要意義。
[Abstract]:Manufacturing industry is the key and basis of national competitiveness enhancement , and plays an important role in the development of national economy . Since the reform and opening - up , China ' s manufacturing industry has achieved high - speed growth with relatively low cost of land , manpower , energy and environmental protection . However , with the increase of labor cost and environmental protection costs , the RMB appreciation and the adjustment of export tax rebate policy , the conditions of China ' s manufacturing depend on the gradual loss of competitive advantage . In China ' s manufacturing industry in recent years , as an important part of changing the way of economic growth and improving the quality of growth , what is the change of all - factor productivity ? What are the changes of all - factor productivity as part of all - factor productivity ? What are the factors that affect the whole factor productivity change of our manufacturing industry ? What measures are needed to further improve the level of the whole factor productivity in our manufacturing industry ? This is the question that this article tries to answer , and also the original intention of this article . Based on the Malmquist index method based on the data envelope analysis method , this paper calculates the changing rule of manufacturing industry in China from 2001 to 2011 based on Malmquist index method . Secondly , using the multiple regression model to analyze the factors that affect the whole factor productivity change of our country , the result shows that the improvement of human resource quality , the strengthening of the investment of science and technology , the deepening of the opening of the outside world , and the deepening of the opening of the market play a significant role in the improvement of the whole factor productivity in China ' s manufacturing industry . Aiming at the above analysis , the last part of this paper puts forward the policy suggestion to improve the whole factor productivity of manufacturing industry . Compared with previous researches on the whole factor productivity of manufacturing industry in China , the research of this paper has the following innovations : ( 1 ) Using the Malmquist index analysis method based on DEA model , this paper studies not only the whole factor productivity of the manufacturing industry , but also the industry weighting method , and the empirical research on the sub - index ( technical progress index and technical efficiency index ) of the manufacturing industry and the manufacturing manufactured according to the technical standard , which are divided according to the use attribute , and the comparative analysis of the comprehensive system are carried out accordingly , which has more practical significance . ( 2 ) Based on the previous literatures , this paper makes an empirical analysis on the internal and external factors that affect the whole factor productivity level , such as the quality of human resources , the input of technology , the degree of opening of the market , the degree of opening to the outside world , the degree of government intervention and so on . ( 3 ) At the research time , this paper selects the data from 2001 to 2011 as the sample to study the whole factor productivity of our manufacturing industry . The research data of the literatures have been selected for many years to 2009 . In fact , China has experienced the financial crisis in 2008 . Since 2010 , our country has moved towards the recovery from the impact of the financial crisis . Therefore , this paper extends the time series for analyzing the growth of the whole factor productivity in our manufacturing industry to 2011 , which is of great significance to the study of the development trend of the manufacturing industry in our country in the new stage .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F224;F424

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