本文關(guān)鍵詞：產(chǎn)銷監(jiān)管鏈認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與木材合法性認(rèn)定體系關(guān)聯(lián)性研究　出處：《中國(guó)林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 歐盟木材法案 產(chǎn)銷監(jiān)管鏈認(rèn)證 木材合法性認(rèn)定 關(guān)聯(lián)性

【摘要】：由于非法采伐直接導(dǎo)致了一系列惡劣的社會(huì)、環(huán)境問(wèn)題的產(chǎn)生，近年來(lái)，非法采伐及相關(guān)貿(mào)易問(wèn)題已成為備受國(guó)際社會(huì)關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)和敏感問(wèn)題。國(guó)際社會(huì)也已采取各種行動(dòng)和措施嚴(yán)厲打擊非法采伐及相關(guān)貿(mào)易。 2008年5月美國(guó)頒布了《雷斯法案》修正案，將法案涉及的范圍擴(kuò)展到了木材及木制品以禁止非法采伐木材及木制品進(jìn)入美國(guó)市場(chǎng)；2010年10月歐盟通過(guò)了《歐盟木材法案》，要求進(jìn)口商對(duì)投入歐盟市場(chǎng)的木材及木制品進(jìn)行盡職調(diào)查；2012年11月澳大利亞通過(guò)了《非法木材采伐禁止法案》，以立法的形式降低非法采伐木材進(jìn)入其流通領(lǐng)域的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，打擊非法采伐。 鑒于歐盟是中國(guó)僅次于美國(guó)的第二大林產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易市場(chǎng)，且《歐盟木材法案》明確要求進(jìn)口商進(jìn)行盡職調(diào)查，提供木材來(lái)源合法的證明，為了適應(yīng)該要求同時(shí)打擊非法采伐，中國(guó)專門(mén)依據(jù)《歐盟木材法案》的要求制定了產(chǎn)銷監(jiān)管鏈認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，為企業(yè)提供木材來(lái)源合法的證明。同時(shí)，有關(guān)部門(mén)也正在研究制定中國(guó)的木材合法性認(rèn)定體系，以期為企業(yè)提供另一種證明木材來(lái)源合法的途徑。 關(guān)于森林認(rèn)證和木材合法性認(rèn)定這兩種證明木材合法來(lái)源的途徑的比較，國(guó)內(nèi)外已開(kāi)展了不少研究，但多是從宏觀層面上對(duì)世界上現(xiàn)有的體系進(jìn)行比較，且多是經(jīng)營(yíng)層面的森林經(jīng)營(yíng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與木材合法性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間的比較。而完全針對(duì)某個(gè)具體國(guó)家兩種體系的比較研究很少。因此，本文從這方面展開(kāi)研究，探討中國(guó)的產(chǎn)銷監(jiān)管鏈認(rèn)證與木材合法性認(rèn)定的關(guān)聯(lián)性及兩者在操作上的異同，為我國(guó)的木材合法性研究發(fā)展提供建議，為企業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)《歐盟木材法案》和其他國(guó)際性的木材合法性要求提供應(yīng)對(duì)措施。 本文分理論層面和實(shí)際操作層面，分別從體系的目標(biāo)、具體操作辦法、與《歐盟木材法案》的適應(yīng)性、操作難度等方面對(duì)兩個(gè)體系進(jìn)行比較。比較研究結(jié)果表明，兩個(gè)體系都可以保證木材的合法來(lái)源與合法流通，但產(chǎn)銷監(jiān)管鏈認(rèn)證不僅能保證木材來(lái)源的合法性，還能保證木材來(lái)源的可持續(xù)性；相對(duì)于木材合法性認(rèn)定體系的起步狀態(tài)，，產(chǎn)銷監(jiān)管鏈認(rèn)證已通過(guò)層層試點(diǎn)，在中國(guó)已發(fā)展完善；木材合法性認(rèn)定要通過(guò)與木材來(lái)源國(guó)簽訂協(xié)議來(lái)保證木材的合法性，操作難度較大，而產(chǎn)銷監(jiān)管鏈認(rèn)證直接由第三方認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行認(rèn)證，操作簡(jiǎn)單易行；《歐盟木材法案》已認(rèn)定經(jīng)過(guò)森林認(rèn)證的林產(chǎn)品具低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，不需進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避，而木材合法性認(rèn)定體系在制定后能否得到歐盟的認(rèn)可還是未知數(shù)。 通過(guò)研究比較可以看出，木材合法性認(rèn)定與產(chǎn)銷監(jiān)管鏈認(rèn)證存在較大的重復(fù)性，可以考慮將木材合法性認(rèn)定并入森林認(rèn)證。而對(duì)于企業(yè)，如果自身沒(méi)有能力建立并有效維護(hù)其整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈，進(jìn)行產(chǎn)銷監(jiān)管鏈認(rèn)證仍是其最優(yōu)選擇。
[Abstract]:In recent years , illegal logging and related trade issues have become a hot and sensitive issue of concern to the international community , as illegal logging directly leads to a series of harsh social and environmental problems . Various actions and measures have been taken by the international community to crack down on illegal logging and related trade . In May 2008 , the United States enacted the amendments to the legislation of the Hague Bill to extend the scope of the bill to timber and wood products to prohibit illegal logging of timber and wood products from entering the United States market ; in October 2010 , the European Union adopted the European Union Timber Act , which called for importers to conduct due diligence on timber and wood products invested in the European Union market ; in November 2012 , Australia adopted the illegal timber harvesting prohibition bill to reduce the risk of illegal logging into its flow area in the form of legislation and to combat illegal logging . In view of the fact that the European Union is China ' s second largest forest product trade market next to the United States , and the European Union Timber Act clearly requires importers to conduct due diligence to provide evidence that timber sources are legal , China has established certification standards for timber sources in order to meet the requirements . In the meantime , the relevant departments are studying the establishment of China ' s timber legality identification system , with a view to providing another way to prove the legal origin of timber sources . On the basis of the comparison between the two types of timber legal sources of forest certification and timber legality , many researches have been carried out at home and abroad , but many are compared with the existing systems in the world at the macro level . This paper compares the two systems in terms of theoretical and practical aspects . The results show that both systems can guarantee the legal origin and legal circulation of timber , but the certification of production and sale supervision chain can guarantee the legality of timber sources and ensure the sustainability of timber sources . It can be seen from the comparison that the legitimacy of timber and the certification of production and sales supervision chain have great repeatability , and it is possible to consider incorporating timber legality into forest certification . For enterprises , if they do not have the ability to establish and maintain their entire supply chain , the certification of production and marketing supervision chain is still the best choice .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F203;F426.88;D922.63

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