【摘要】：作為資金融通的中介機(jī)構(gòu),商業(yè)銀行在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)揮著重要的基礎(chǔ)性作用,關(guān)系著廣大人民的切身利益。隨著各國(guó)的金融改革和金融創(chuàng)新,全球性金融體系的建立使得對(duì)銀行業(yè)的監(jiān)管迫在眉睫。1974年美國(guó)富蘭克林國(guó)民銀行和德國(guó)赫斯塔特銀行在國(guó)際金融創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的初期雙雙倒閉,揭示了在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化浪潮中,商業(yè)銀行面臨著巨大的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在時(shí)代的召喚下,巴塞爾委員會(huì)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。1988年,其出臺(tái)了《統(tǒng)一資本計(jì)量和資本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的國(guó)際協(xié)議》即《巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅰ》,從資本定義、最低資本要求和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加權(quán)系數(shù)方面首次提出了統(tǒng)一的國(guó)際銀行資本監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn),創(chuàng)造了良好的外部環(huán)境,促進(jìn)了全球銀行業(yè)的穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。但是《巴塞爾協(xié)議I》風(fēng)險(xiǎn)定義較為狹隘,沒(méi)有囊括銀行面臨的全部類型的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),同時(shí)資本的劃分不太清楚,資本定義過(guò)于寬泛,影響了資本質(zhì)量�；凇栋腿麪枀f(xié)議Ⅰ》的缺陷,2004年巴塞爾協(xié)會(huì)出臺(tái)了《統(tǒng)一資本計(jì)量和資本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的國(guó)際協(xié)議：修訂框架》即《巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅱ》,形成了以銀行最低資本要求、監(jiān)管當(dāng)局的監(jiān)督檢查和市場(chǎng)約束三大支柱為主的資本監(jiān)管框架,在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)覆蓋范圍和計(jì)算方法取得了突破性的進(jìn)展,但仍然存在模型復(fù)雜度高且難以使用、資本的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)覆蓋范圍狹窄且順周期性強(qiáng)、對(duì)表外業(yè)務(wù)和“影子銀行”體系監(jiān)管不足等問(wèn)題。2008年金融危機(jī)的爆發(fā)揭示了《巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅱ》的弊端和不足,巴賽爾協(xié)會(huì)在廣泛討論的基礎(chǔ)上于2010年正式發(fā)布了《巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅲ》,主要從微觀審慎和宏觀審慎兩方面加強(qiáng)全球金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的監(jiān)管。在微觀方面完善了資本框架,擴(kuò)大了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)覆蓋范圍,在最低資本要求的基礎(chǔ)上引入了杠桿率指標(biāo)和流動(dòng)性監(jiān)管指標(biāo)；在宏觀方面設(shè)定了資本預(yù)留緩沖、逆周期資本緩沖和針對(duì)系統(tǒng)重要性銀行的額外資本要求。 《巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅲ》是對(duì)《巴塞爾協(xié)議Ⅱ》有效的補(bǔ)充和改進(jìn),是全球金融體系監(jiān)管的進(jìn)步。為了與國(guó)際銀行監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接軌,更嚴(yán)格地監(jiān)管國(guó)內(nèi)銀行,中國(guó)銀監(jiān)會(huì)相繼出臺(tái)了一系列指引文件,同時(shí)也結(jié)合我國(guó)銀行業(yè)的實(shí)際情況做出了一定修改,具有更強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性、靈活性和可操作性。其中,2004年出臺(tái)的《商業(yè)銀行資本充足率管理辦法》(本文稱為舊《辦法》)和2012年出臺(tái)的《商業(yè)銀行資本管理辦法(試行)》(本文稱為新《辦法》)在資本監(jiān)管方面對(duì)我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行有重要的影響,其中之一就是對(duì)商業(yè)銀行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的資本監(jiān)管在限制銀行信貸行為的同時(shí)會(huì)改變商業(yè)銀行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好,從而激勵(lì)其調(diào)整信貸結(jié)構(gòu)。商業(yè)銀行的信貸結(jié)構(gòu)決定了資金的流向,既關(guān)系到銀行的盈利狀況與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平,又對(duì)個(gè)人和企業(yè)的融資和發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要影響。當(dāng)前我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行的信貸結(jié)構(gòu)存在諸多問(wèn)題亟待調(diào)整,因此,本文試圖通過(guò)銀行分類的橫向?qū)Ρ群捅O(jiān)管時(shí)期分類的縱向?qū)Ρ?就資本監(jiān)管與信貸結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究。首先,本文從資本監(jiān)管對(duì)銀行信貸供給和信貸結(jié)構(gòu)的影響這兩方面對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)作大致的梳理發(fā)現(xiàn)：在資本監(jiān)管與商業(yè)銀行信貸供給關(guān)系方面,國(guó)外學(xué)者的研究結(jié)論大多是資本監(jiān)管對(duì)商業(yè)銀行的信貸供給行為會(huì)造成一定的抑制作用,并從資本監(jiān)管導(dǎo)致商業(yè)銀行信貸收縮傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制和資本監(jiān)管對(duì)不同銀行信貸供給的影響程度方面進(jìn)行研究,而國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者研究結(jié)論分為不顯著相關(guān)與顯著相關(guān)兩種,并從資本監(jiān)管對(duì)不同銀行、不同時(shí)期的影響程度方面進(jìn)行研究；在資本監(jiān)管與商業(yè)銀行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系方面,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的研究都明顯分為兩派,一派認(rèn)為資本監(jiān)管會(huì)導(dǎo)致商業(yè)銀行增加信貸資產(chǎn)中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高的資產(chǎn),即會(huì)增加企業(yè)貸款、信用貸款、中長(zhǎng)期貸款等,而另一派持相反觀點(diǎn)。本文在歸納前輩學(xué)者的研究基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)理論模型與實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合的方式,研究資本監(jiān)管對(duì)我國(guó)上市商業(yè)銀行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。在理論研究方面,本文通過(guò)三個(gè)模型論證資本監(jiān)管與商業(yè)銀行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系： (1)利用均值-方差模型研究資本監(jiān)管下商業(yè)銀行最優(yōu)資產(chǎn)配置點(diǎn)并比較不同資本水平的商業(yè)銀行的資產(chǎn)配置方案的差異； (2)從利潤(rùn)函數(shù)的角度出發(fā),利用商業(yè)銀行的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表,尋找商業(yè)銀行在成本-收益衡量下的最優(yōu)利潤(rùn)方程,并求解得出資本水平與信貸行為的關(guān)系； (3)建立簡(jiǎn)單線性規(guī)劃模型,在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)信貸資產(chǎn)和低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)信貸資產(chǎn)配置的可行域中尋找最優(yōu)配置方案并比較實(shí)際資本充足率不同的銀行配置方案的差異。在實(shí)證研究方面,本文的思路是比較從舊《辦法》到新《辦法》監(jiān)管時(shí)期,資本嚴(yán)格的管制是否影響商業(yè)銀行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)。本文選用2009年到2015年6月我國(guó)15家上市商業(yè)銀行的半年度數(shù)據(jù),包括中國(guó)工商銀行(GS)、中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行(JS)、中國(guó)銀行(ZG)、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行(NY)、招商銀行(ZS)、交通銀行(JT)、浦發(fā)銀行(PF)、民生銀行(MS)、興業(yè)銀行(XY)、寧波銀行(NB)、中信銀行(ZX)、光大銀行(GD)、北京銀行(BJ)、華夏銀行(HX)、平安銀行(PA),(由于南京銀行可獲得數(shù)據(jù)有限,因此不納入樣本),共195(13*15)個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)。本文中的被解釋變量為信貸結(jié)構(gòu)(LS),主要包括個(gè)人貸款占總貸款的比例(IL)、公司貸款占總貸款的比例(CL)、個(gè)人住房抵押貸款占個(gè)人貸款的比例(IHL)、信用貸款占總貸款的比例(XL)。商業(yè)銀行的資本水平主要通過(guò)四類指標(biāo)衡量： (1)資本充足率水平(ZC)； (2)核心資本充足率水平(HZC); (3)以0、2%、4%為閾值劃分超額資本充足率得出的虛擬變量(ZC_1、ZC_2、ZC_3);(4)以分布函數(shù)的均值和方差為標(biāo)志劃分超額資本充足率得出的虛擬變量(SWC、WC、UC)。另外,本文將影響銀行信貸行為的銀行內(nèi)部變量和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)變量作為控制變量,主要包括銀行規(guī)模(AR)、資產(chǎn)收益率(ROA)、存貸比(LD)、凈利息收入比(NIL)、股東權(quán)益比(EA)、不良貸款率(DL)、撥備覆蓋率(BB)、GDP增長(zhǎng)率(GG)、通貨膨脹率(CPIG)。本文認(rèn)為商業(yè)銀行的信貸結(jié)構(gòu)主要是受上一期的資本水平和上一期的銀行內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響,在此基礎(chǔ)上建立靜態(tài)面板模型進(jìn)行回歸分析,從多個(gè)角度衡量和比較以得到穩(wěn)健的實(shí)證結(jié)果： (1)從上市商業(yè)銀行整體出發(fā),研究在舊《辦法》和新《辦法》監(jiān)管時(shí)期資本監(jiān)管與信貸結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系。從時(shí)間效應(yīng)上看,我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行的信貸結(jié)構(gòu)日趨平穩(wěn)和合理,15家上市商業(yè)銀行個(gè)人貸款占比逐年上升,公司貸款占比逐年下降,信用貸款占比有小幅回升；從回歸分析上看,通過(guò)四個(gè)模型反復(fù)論證資本監(jiān)管與信貸結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系,在舊《辦法》下,資本充足率水平與商業(yè)銀行個(gè)人貸款占比負(fù)相關(guān)、公司貸款占比正相關(guān)、信用貸款占比正相關(guān)、個(gè)人住房抵押貸款占比負(fù)相關(guān)；在新《辦法》下,前三類關(guān)系保持不變,但第四類關(guān)系由負(fù)相關(guān)變?yōu)檎嚓P(guān),這主要是受到監(jiān)管部門(mén)調(diào)高個(gè)人住房抵押貸款的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)權(quán)重系數(shù)的影響。(2)按所有制形式分類研究資本監(jiān)管對(duì)上市商業(yè)銀行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)影響。資本監(jiān)管對(duì)兩類銀行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)的影響方向大致相同,但資本充足率水平對(duì)股份制商業(yè)銀行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)的影響更為顯著,監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)通過(guò)資本監(jiān)管調(diào)控商業(yè)銀行的信貸結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)股份制商業(yè)銀行的效果更為明顯。(3)按資本充足程度分類研究上市商業(yè)銀行資本監(jiān)管對(duì)信貸結(jié)構(gòu)影響。本文根據(jù)2009年到2015年上市商業(yè)銀行的以總資產(chǎn)為權(quán)重的加權(quán)平均超額資本充足率,將15家商業(yè)銀行劃分為資本充足類和資本限制類商業(yè)銀行,通過(guò)回歸分析,資本監(jiān)管對(duì)兩類銀行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)的影響方向大致相同,但資本限制類商業(yè)銀行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)受資本充足率水平的影響更為顯著�？傮w而言,商業(yè)銀行會(huì)根據(jù)自身的資本水平不斷調(diào)整信貸結(jié)構(gòu),資本水平越低(高)、受資本限制越大(小)的商業(yè)銀行更傾向于發(fā)放低(高)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、資本消耗較少(多)的貸款。最后,在理論推導(dǎo)和實(shí)證分析的基礎(chǔ)上,本文從監(jiān)管部門(mén)和商業(yè)銀行兩方面提出政策建議。在監(jiān)管部門(mén)方面： (1)堅(jiān)持以資本監(jiān)管為核心,實(shí)施差異化監(jiān)管,建立健全的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)督體系； (2)監(jiān)管部門(mén)各司其職,減少利益輸送和責(zé)任推卸,同時(shí)加強(qiáng)與各商業(yè)銀行的交流溝通,建立相應(yīng)的激勵(lì)政策和懲罰手段； (3)發(fā)展我國(guó)股票市場(chǎng)、提供品種豐富的融資工具、培育新興債權(quán)市場(chǎng)、積極拓展融資渠道,在緩解中小企業(yè)融資困難的同時(shí),增加銀行資本補(bǔ)充途徑,提高我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行效率。在商業(yè)銀行方面：(1)建立長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的多方資本補(bǔ)充機(jī)制,定期通過(guò)壓力測(cè)試檢驗(yàn)資本的必要補(bǔ)充量,以免突發(fā)事件使商業(yè)銀行面臨較大的資本風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；(2)深入推進(jìn)信貸結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,發(fā)展資本節(jié)約型的業(yè)務(wù)模式； (3)加強(qiáng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控,提高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)精細(xì)化管理水平,密切監(jiān)測(cè)信貸資金,以確保資金流向?qū)嶓w經(jīng)濟(jì)而非金融投機(jī)活動(dòng)。本文在借鑒前輩研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,主要對(duì)資本監(jiān)管和中國(guó)上市商業(yè)銀行的信貸結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了嘗試性探索,目的是通過(guò)資本監(jiān)管措施為優(yōu)化調(diào)整我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)建言獻(xiàn)策。但是由于本人理論知識(shí)和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的欠缺,文中一定存在許多問(wèn)題和不足,本人將在今后的學(xué)習(xí)與工作中不斷探索、積極進(jìn)取,努力提高自身的學(xué)術(shù)水平與實(shí)踐能力。感謝評(píng)審專家和答辯專家的批評(píng)指正!
[Abstract]:As the intermediaries of financial intermediation, commercial banks play an important basic role in the national economy, which is related to the vital interests of the people. With the financial innovation and financial innovation of various countries, the establishment of the global financial system makes the supervision of the banking industry imminent in the.1974 National Bank of Franklin and Germany. At the beginning of the international financial innovation and development, state bank collapsed, which revealed that in the wave of economic globalization, commercial banks faced great potential risks. Under the call of the times, the Basel committee came into being for.1988 years, which introduced the international agreement of the unified capital measurement and capital standard, that is, the Basel agreement I. This definition, the minimum capital requirement and the risk weighting coefficient for the first time put forward a unified international bank capital regulation standard, created a good external environment, and promoted the steady development of the global banking industry. But the risk definition of the "Basel agreement I>" is narrower, not covering all types of risks faced by the bank, while the capital is delimit. It is not clear that the definition of capital is too broad to affect the quality of capital. Based on the defects of the Basel agreement I, the Basel Association introduced the international agreement on the unified capital measurement and capital standards in 2004: the revised framework > < Basel agreement II >, forming the minimum capital requirements of the bank, supervision and inspection of the regulatory authorities and market constraints. The capital supervision framework based on the three pillars has made a breakthrough in the scope of risk coverage and the method of calculation. However, there is still a high complexity of the model and difficult to use, the narrow and cyclical risk coverage of capital, the lack of supervision over the outside of the watch business and the "shadow banking" system, the outbreak of the.2008 financial crisis. The abuses and shortcomings of the "Basel II" were revealed. On the basis of extensive discussion, the Basel association formally issued the "Basel Agreement III" on the basis of extensive discussion in 2010. It mainly strengthened the supervision of global financial risks from two aspects of micro prudence and macro prudence. The capital framework was improved in the microcosmic aspect, the coverage of risk was expanded, and the minimum capital needed to be made. On the basis of the demand, the leverage index and liquidity regulatory index are introduced, the capital reserve buffer, the reverse cycle capital buffer and the additional capital requirements for the system importance banks are set in the macro aspect. < Basel III > is an effective supplement and improvement to the Basel agreement II, and is the progress of the global financial system regulation. The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) has issued a series of guidance documents and has made some amendments to the actual situation of China's banking industry, which has more pertinence, flexibility and maneuverability. In 2004, the management method of capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks was introduced. This article, which is called the old "method", and the capital management method of Commercial Bank (Trial) issued in 2012, has an important influence on the commercial banks of our country, one of which is the impact on the credit structure of commercial banks. The supervision of the regulatory agency will change the business of bank credit at the same time. The risk preference of the industrial bank encourages it to adjust the credit structure. The credit structure of the commercial bank determines the flow of funds, not only related to the bank's profit and risk level, but also to the financing and development of individuals and enterprises. The paper tries to study the relationship between capital supervision and credit structure through the horizontal comparison of the bank classification and the longitudinal comparison of the regulatory period classification. First, this paper makes a general review of the two aspects of the impact of capital regulation on the supply of bank credit and the credit structure: the capital supervision and commercial banks. In terms of the relationship of credit supply, most of the foreign scholars' research conclusions are that capital supervision has a certain inhibitory effect on the credit supply behavior of commercial banks, and studies the influence degree of the credit contraction transmission mechanism of commercial banks and capital supervision on the supply of different bank credit from the capital supervision, and the domestic scholars study the research. The conclusion is divided into two kinds of non significant correlation and significant correlation, and the influence degree of different banks and different periods is studied from capital supervision. In the relation of capital supervision and commercial bank credit structure, both domestic and foreign scholars' research are obviously divided into two schools, one believes that capital supervision will lead commercial banks to increase credit assets. The higher risk assets will increase enterprise loans, credit loans, medium and long term loans, while the other holds the opposite view. On the basis of the study of predecessors and scholars, this paper studies the influence of capital supervision on the credit structure of Chinese listed commercial banks through the combination of theoretical model and empirical analysis. This paper demonstrates the relationship between capital supervision and credit structure of commercial banks through three models: (1) use the mean variance model to study the optimal asset allocation point of commercial banks under capital supervision and compare the differences in asset allocation schemes of commercial banks with different capital levels. (2) from the angle of the profit function, the capital of commercial banks is used. The balance sheet is used to find the optimal profit equation of the commercial banks under the cost income measure, and to find out the relationship between the capital level and the credit behavior. (3) a simple linear programming model is established to find the best allocation scheme in the feasible region of high risk credit assets and low risk credit assets and to compare the actual capital adequacy ratio. In the case of empirical research, the idea of this article is to compare whether the strict regulation of capital affects the credit structure of commercial banks from the old "method > to the new method >". This article selects the six months degree of the 15 listed commercial banks in China from 2009 to June 2015, including the ICBC (GS), and China's construction Silver JS, ZG, NY, ZS, JT, PF, MS, XY, Ningbo Bank (NB), CITIC Bank (ZX), the Bank of China (GD), the Bank of Beijing (BJ), the Bank of China, and Ping An Bank (because the Bank of Nanjing can obtain limited data, so it is not included), A total of 195 (13*15) data. The explanatory variables in this article are the credit structure (LS), mainly including the proportion of personal loans to total loans (IL), the proportion of corporate loans to total loans (CL), the proportion of individual housing mortgages to individual loans (IHL), the proportion of credit to total loans (XL). The capital level of commercial banks is mainly through the four categories. Standard measurement: (1) capital adequacy ratio (ZC); (2) core capital adequacy ratio (HZC); (3) the virtual variable (ZC_1, ZC_2, ZC_3) obtained by 0,2% and 4% as threshold value of excess capital adequacy ratio; (4) virtual variables (SWC, WC, UC) based on the mean and variance of distribution functions (SWC, WC, UC). In addition, this article will affect Silver Bank internal variables and macroeconomic variables as control variables, including bank scale (AR), asset return (ROA), deposit ratio (LD), net interest income ratio (NIL), shareholder equity ratio (EA), bad loan ratio (DL), reserve coverage (BB), GDP growth rate (GG) and inflation rate (CPIG). This paper considers the credit knot of commercial banks. The structure is mainly influenced by the capital level of the last phase and the internal structure of the bank and the macro economy in the last phase. On this basis, a static panel model is established to carry out regression analysis to measure and compare the positive results from multiple angles. (1) starting from the whole body of the listed commercial bank, the study is in the supervision of the old "method >" and "new method >". From the time effect, the credit structure of commercial banks in China is becoming more and more stable and reasonable. The proportion of personal loans to 15 listed commercial banks is increasing year by year, the proportion of the company's loan is declining year by year, and the proportion of credit loan is slightly rebounded; from the regression analysis, the capital supervision is repeatedly demonstrated through four models. The relationship between management and credit structure, under the old method, the level of capital adequacy ratio is negatively related to the proportion of personal loans in commercial banks, corporate loans are positively related, credit loans are positively related, and personal housing mortgage loans are negatively related. Under the new method, the first three types of relations remain unchanged, but the fourth types of relations change from negative correlation to positive correlation. This is mainly influenced by the risk weighting coefficient of the individual housing mortgage loan by the regulatory authorities. (2) the influence of capital regulation on the credit structure of the listed commercial banks is classified according to the ownership form. The capital regulation has the same influence on the two types of bank credit structure, but the level of capital adequacy ratio is on the credit of the joint-stock commercial banks. The effect of the structure is more significant. The effect of the credit structure of the commercial banks through regulation and regulation by the regulatory agency is more obvious to the joint-stock commercial banks. (3) the influence of the capital supervision of the listed commercial banks on the credit structure is classified according to the degree of capital adequacy. This article is based on the weight of the total assets of the commercial banks listed from 2009 to 2015. The weighted average excess capital adequacy ratio is divided into 15 commercial banks as capital adequacy and capital restriction commercial banks. Through regression analysis, the influence of capital regulation on the two types of bank credit structure is roughly the same, but the credit structure of capital restricted commercial banks is more significantly influenced by the level of capital adequacy. The bank will constantly adjust the credit structure according to its own capital level, the lower the capital level (high), the larger the capital limit (small) the commercial bank is more inclined to issue low (high) risk and less capital consumption (more) loan. Finally, on the basis of theoretical deduction and empirical analysis, this article from the two aspects of the regulatory and commercial banks put forward the government. Suggestions. In the aspects of supervision department: (1) adhere to the capital supervision as the core, implement differential supervision and establish a sound risk supervision system; (2) the regulatory departments have their respective responsibilities, reduce the transfer of interests and responsibility, and strengthen exchanges and communication with commercial banks, establish corresponding incentive policies and punishment means; (3) develop our country. The stock market provides a variety of financing tools, cultivates the emerging creditor's right market, actively expands the financing channels, while alleviating the financing difficulties of the small and medium-sized enterprises, increasing the bank capital supplement way and improving the economic efficiency of our country. In the commercial bank, (1) establish a long-term and stable multi-party capital supplementary mechanism and regularly pass the pressure test. Check the necessary supplementary amount of capital to avoid the sudden events to make the commercial banks face greater capital risks; (2) promote the adjustment of the credit structure and develop the capital saving mode of business; (3) strengthen the risk prevention and control, improve the level of risk fine management, and closely monitor the loan funds, so as to ensure the capital flow to the real economy rather than the financial investment. On the basis of the research achievements of predecessors, this paper attempts to explore the relationship between capital supervision and the credit structure of Chinese listed commercial banks. The purpose is to optimize and adjust the credit structure of commercial banks in China by means of capital supervision and regulation. There must be a lot of problems and shortcomings in this article. I will continue to explore and work in the future, make positive progress, and strive to improve the academic and practical ability of my own.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4

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