【摘要】：隨著城市用地的減少和城市人口的不斷增加,高層建筑不斷涌現(xiàn),然而高層建筑更容易成為雷擊目標(biāo)。因此為全面了解雷擊后高層建筑物內(nèi)的電磁暫態(tài)現(xiàn)象,本文建立了考慮高聳物體頂部和底部反射系數(shù)的雷電沖擊電流數(shù)學(xué)模型,提出了基于有限元方法的求取建筑物鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)體電流分布及建筑物內(nèi)部空間位置的磁場分布的三維電磁耦合模型,提出了基于有限元的三維電-熱耦合模型,并將建筑物模型簡化為單根圓柱導(dǎo)體來分析其溫度分布,對(duì)一個(gè)五層建筑物縮比模型的電流分布、磁場分布、溫度分布及電動(dòng)力效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究。首先,研究了雷電回?fù)舻膫鬏斁�模型表示的雷擊高聳物體后的暫態(tài)行為,提出了集總電壓源模型、分布電流源模型和諾頓等效電路模型表示的雷電通道及高聳物體中的雷電流的數(shù)學(xué)公式。仿真分析了用集總電壓源模型和分布電流源模型表示的雷擊平坦地面和雷擊高聳物體的電流波形、高聳物體頂部和底部反射系數(shù)對(duì)電流波形的影響及高聳物體對(duì)首次和后續(xù)回?fù)綦娏鞯挠绊�。其�?研究了雷擊下高層建筑物的電流和磁場分布,建立了參數(shù)化的高層建筑物雷電沖擊仿真模型,并用一個(gè)典型建筑物模型作為算例,對(duì)不同計(jì)算方法得出的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較。提出同軸對(duì)稱多回路導(dǎo)體測試結(jié)構(gòu),試驗(yàn)研究了五層建筑物縮比模型鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)體電流分布,并測量了建筑物模型頂層、第四層和底層各六個(gè)空間位置點(diǎn)的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度,將試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果與提出的電磁耦合模型仿真結(jié)果比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者電流分布吻合較好,而磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度略有差別,但兩者分布趨勢(shì)相同。最后,研究了高層建筑物的熱效應(yīng)和電動(dòng)力效應(yīng),試驗(yàn)研究了五層建筑物縮比模型遭受相同幅值不同電荷量長沖擊電流后的溫度分布,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與提出的基于有限元的電-熱耦合模型仿真結(jié)果吻合,并仿真分析了長沖擊電流幅值和轉(zhuǎn)移電荷量與溫升的關(guān)系,為解決此類問題提供了試驗(yàn)及理論依據(jù)。同時(shí),試驗(yàn)研究了五層建筑物縮比模型受不同幅值的沖擊電流作用下的破壞程度,結(jié)果表明沖擊電流幅值雖大,但因其持續(xù)時(shí)間短不會(huì)對(duì)建筑物鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)體造成破壞。
[Abstract]:With the decrease of urban land and the increasing of urban population, high-rise buildings are emerging constantly, however, high-rise buildings are more likely to be the target of lightning strike. In order to fully understand the electromagnetic transient phenomena in high-rise buildings after lightning strike, a mathematical model of lightning impulse current considering the reflection coefficients of the top and bottom of towering objects is established in this paper. A three-dimensional electromagnetic coupling model based on finite element method is proposed to calculate the current distribution of the reinforcement structure and the magnetic field distribution in the space of the building, and a three-dimensional electric-thermal coupling model based on the finite element method is proposed. The structure model is simplified as a single cylindrical conductor to analyze its temperature distribution. The current distribution, magnetic field distribution, temperature distribution and electrodynamic effect of a five-story building shrinkage model are studied experimentally. Firstly, the transient behavior of a towering object after lightning strike is studied by the transmission line model of lightning return stroke, and a lumped voltage source model is proposed. The mathematical formula of lightning current in lightning channel and towering object expressed by distributed current source model and Norton equivalent circuit model. The current waveforms of lightning strike flat ground and lightning towering objects expressed by lumped voltage source model and distributed current source model are simulated and analyzed. The effect of reflection coefficient at the top and bottom of the towering object on the current waveform and the effect of the towering object on the first and subsequent backstroke current. Secondly, the distribution of current and magnetic field of high-rise buildings under lightning strike is studied, and a parameterized simulation model of lightning shock of high-rise buildings is established, and a typical building model is used as an example. The results obtained by different calculation methods are compared. A coaxial symmetric multi-loop conductor test structure is proposed. The current distribution of the reinforcement structure of the five-story building shrinkage model is experimentally studied. The magnetic induction intensity of the top layer, the fourth floor and the bottom layer of the building is measured. By comparing the experimental results with the simulation results of the proposed electromagnetic coupling model, it is found that the current distribution of the two models is in good agreement with that of the electromagnetic coupling model, while the magnetic induction intensity is slightly different, but the distribution trend of the two is the same. Finally, the thermal and electrodynamic effects of high-rise buildings are studied, and the temperature distribution of the five-story building model subjected to shock current with the same amplitude and different charge is experimentally studied. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results of the electro-thermal coupling model based on finite element method, and the relationship between the amplitude of long impulse current and the amount of transfer charge and temperature rise is simulated and analyzed, which provides the experimental and theoretical basis for solving this kind of problem. At the same time, the damage degree of the five-story building shrinkage model under the action of shock current with different amplitude is studied. The results show that although the amplitude of impact current is large, the short duration of the shock current will not cause damage to the reinforced structure of the building.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU976.55

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