【摘要】：近年來(lái),我國(guó)的城鎮(zhèn)化速度加快,城市人口持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),建設(shè)用地不斷擴(kuò)大,城市土地資源短缺的問(wèn)題日漸突出。城市新建建筑開(kāi)始呈現(xiàn)兩種趨勢(shì):一是建筑高度不斷增加;二是建筑密度不斷增大。大量的高層建筑及密集的建筑群給城市的通風(fēng)環(huán)境帶來(lái)了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。城市通風(fēng)環(huán)境在很大程度上影響了城市居民的生活品質(zhì)。通風(fēng)環(huán)境的優(yōu)劣直接地影響著城市空氣的更新速度,排出空氣污染物及緩解城市熱島的能力。現(xiàn)有的單一建筑及小范圍建筑群的數(shù)值模型已經(jīng)不能反映城市整體通風(fēng)環(huán)境,建立城市尺度的模型勢(shì)在必行。本文首先從西安市的地理環(huán)境、自然氣候、建筑分布及道路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)形式進(jìn)行論述分析,闡述了西安市的城市通風(fēng)條件現(xiàn)狀。在此基礎(chǔ)上,基于Google地圖和街景地圖等互聯(lián)網(wǎng)工具,在占用較少的資源的情況下,以真實(shí)比例尺寸對(duì)西安市繞城高速以內(nèi)主城區(qū)建筑、道路等建立了城市尺度的幾何模型,并建立城市風(fēng)環(huán)境數(shù)值仿真模型。在夏季主導(dǎo)風(fēng)EN風(fēng)向和冬季主導(dǎo)風(fēng)ENE風(fēng)向等不同風(fēng)向、風(fēng)速的三種工況下,分別對(duì)西安市風(fēng)環(huán)境進(jìn)行數(shù)值計(jì)算,并對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果從風(fēng)速、壓力、溫度及通風(fēng)量等四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析。最后,根據(jù)本課題所研究的結(jié)果,對(duì)城市通風(fēng)的改善作出一些建議:盡量控制十字路口的建筑高度,在條件允許的情況下使拐角處的建筑呈“倒角狀”布局,如西安鐘樓盤道周圍拐角處鐘樓飯店、開(kāi)元商城及鐘樓郵局等建筑布置,以減小氣流向垂直方向流通的阻力;對(duì)區(qū)域進(jìn)行規(guī)劃時(shí),結(jié)合主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向建立通風(fēng)廊道,控制通風(fēng)廊道兩側(cè)建筑的密度和高度,使城市郊區(qū)的風(fēng)能更好的向市區(qū)中心及主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向下游的區(qū)域流通;城市住宅小區(qū)的人員密度較大,在小區(qū)規(guī)劃時(shí),應(yīng)對(duì)住宅小區(qū)內(nèi)的高層建筑合理布局,優(yōu)化區(qū)域風(fēng)環(huán)境,避免形成負(fù)壓區(qū),導(dǎo)致空氣質(zhì)量下降。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the speed of urbanization in China has accelerated, the urban population continues to increase, the construction land is expanding, and the problem of urban land shortage is becoming more and more prominent. The new urban buildings are beginning to present two trends: one is the increasing height of the building, and the two is the increasing density of the building. The wind environment has brought great challenges. The urban ventilation environment affects the quality of life of urban residents to a great extent. The ventilation environment has a direct impact on the speed of urban air renewal, the discharge of air pollutants and the ability to alleviate the urban heat island. The numerical model of the existing single and small range buildings can not be reversed. It is imperative to reflect the overall ventilation environment of the city and establish the model of urban scale. Firstly, this paper analyzes the geographical environment, natural climate, building distribution and road network structure in Xi'an, and expounds the current situation of Urban Ventilation in Xi'an. On this basis, it is based on the Internet tools such as Google map and street view map and so on. In the case of less resources, a geometric model of urban scale is established by the real proportion of the main urban district buildings and roads in Xi'an City, and the numerical simulation model of the urban wind environment is set up. In the three conditions of the wind direction of the dominant wind in summer and the wind direction of the leading wind ENE wind in the summer, and the wind speed in the three working conditions, the Xi'an wind is carried out respectively. The numerical calculation of the environment is carried out, and the results are analyzed from four aspects of wind speed, pressure, temperature and ventilation. Finally, some suggestions are made on the improvement of Urban Ventilation according to the results studied in this subject: to control the building height of the intersection as far as possible and to make the building in the corner "chamfered" under the condition of conditions allowed. The Bureau, such as the Jerusalem Tower Hotel, the Kaiyuan merchant city and the bell tower post office around the corner of the Xi'an bell tower, is designed to reduce the resistance to the flow of gas to the vertical direction. In the planning of the region, the ventilation corridor is set up in combination with the leading wind direction to control the density and height of the buildings on both sides of the ventilation corridor, so that the wind energy in the suburbs is better in the urban area. In the urban residential district, the population density of the urban residential district is large. In the planning of the residential district, the rational layout of the high-rise buildings in the residential district should be properly arranged, the regional wind environment is optimized and the negative pressure area is avoided, which leads to the decline of the air quality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU984;TU119

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