本文選題：數(shù)值模擬　切入點：細(xì)部構(gòu)造　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：結(jié)構(gòu)抗風(fēng)分析的主要研究方法有:現(xiàn)場實測、風(fēng)洞試驗、理論分析和CFD數(shù)值分析方法。近三十年來,伴隨著計算機(jī)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展和流體力學(xué)理論的不斷完善,基于計算流體動力學(xué)原理的CFD數(shù)值分析方法憑借其優(yōu)勢和應(yīng)用前景在土木工程結(jié)構(gòu)抗風(fēng)設(shè)計的研究中越來越受到重視,并發(fā)揮著無法替代的作用。本文基于FLUENT軟件平臺,以建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)為對象進(jìn)行了數(shù)值風(fēng)洞模擬,重點探討了常見的細(xì)部構(gòu)造對建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)荷載以及繞流風(fēng)場的影響。本文的主要研究工作可歸納為以下幾個方面:(1)以日本建筑協(xié)會(AIJ)長寬高之比為1:1:0.5的建筑模型為對象,采用大渦模擬(LES)方法對45°風(fēng)向角不同類型風(fēng)場作用下模型的風(fēng)荷載進(jìn)行了三維非穩(wěn)態(tài)數(shù)值模擬計算,并將數(shù)值計算結(jié)果與風(fēng)洞試驗結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,驗證了CFD數(shù)值計算的可靠性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過在模型的不同位置加設(shè)分隔擋板探討了45°風(fēng)向角下平屋蓋錐形渦的特性。同時,重點探討了屋面加設(shè)不同高度女兒墻對風(fēng)壓分布的影響。結(jié)果表明,基于Q準(zhǔn)則的旋渦判別法可較好的識別建筑物繞流場中形成的旋渦。均勻來流時錐形渦與側(cè)面脫體渦相互作用并脫落,其作用將反饋至屋面旋渦上使屋蓋兩個錐形渦強(qiáng)度以屋面對角線為軸交替波動,此消彼長。但在湍流風(fēng)場作用下,屋面錐形渦并不會出現(xiàn)此類波動現(xiàn)象。屋面女兒墻的存在會使得屋面錐形渦的間隙變窄,旋渦足跡變闊,且屋面峰值吸力隨女兒墻高度的增加而迅速減小。(2)在長寬高之比為1:1:0.5的AIJ建筑模型各立面上加設(shè)陽臺,并利用大渦模擬(LES)方法對其進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬計算。計算過程中,針對不同的來流風(fēng)場、不同的風(fēng)向角(0°→15°→30°→45°)以及不同的陽臺懸挑長度進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的模擬分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上,重點探討了立面陽臺的存在對建筑表面風(fēng)壓分布和繞流風(fēng)場的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,陽臺的存在會明顯改變氣流在建筑表面的分離、再附著形式,引起的風(fēng)壓變化主要集中在迎風(fēng)面,特別是迎風(fēng)面最上一排陽臺及兩側(cè)陽臺的區(qū)域。此外,隨著來流風(fēng)向角的增加,陽臺對建筑迎風(fēng)面上風(fēng)壓的影響逐漸加大。(3)采用歐拉-歐拉體系下的多相流模型,將雨滴擬設(shè)為連續(xù)介質(zhì),通過在FLUENT計算軟件上編寫相應(yīng)的UDF計算程序,分別對典型橋梁斷面節(jié)段模型和廈漳跨海大橋北汊主橋?qū)崢蚰Ｐ瓦M(jìn)行了三維風(fēng)驅(qū)雨的數(shù)值模擬研究。計算得到了模型周圍風(fēng)場和雨場分布、雨滴捕獲率、雨滴沖擊荷載以及橋體所受三分力等參數(shù)。然后,以矩形斷面和準(zhǔn)流線型斷面節(jié)段模型為對象探討了橋面護(hù)欄等橋面細(xì)部構(gòu)造對橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)繞流風(fēng)場和三分力系數(shù)的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),雨滴對整體平均荷載的影響比較小,對三分力系數(shù)有影響,但影響并不大。橋面護(hù)欄等對雨滴沖擊橋面有一定的阻礙作用,使橋面行車道受雨強(qiáng)度減弱,且對橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)繞流風(fēng)場等有著較明顯的影響。(4)最后對全文所做研究工作進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)和展望,本文的研究成果也可為實際工程結(jié)構(gòu)的抗風(fēng)設(shè)計提供有價值的參考。
[Abstract]:The main research methods are: structure analysis of the wind field measurement, wind tunnel test and numerical analysis method of theoretical analysis and CFD. In the past thirty years, with the rapid development of computer technology and the theory of fluid mechanics of continuous improvement, with its advantages and application prospect in the research of civil engineering structural wind resistant design is more and more important with the method of CFD the numerical analysis based on the principle of fluid dynamics, and plays an irreplaceable role. In this paper, based on the FLUENT software platform, the numerical simulation on the structure of the building and bridge as the research object, discussed the influence of common details of the building structure and bridge structure wind load and wind field around the focus of this paper. Can be summarized as follows: (1) to the Japanese Construction Association (AIJ) aspect ratio of building model for 1:1:0.5 as the object, using large eddy simulation (LES) Method for numerical simulation of three-dimensional unsteady wind angle of 45 degrees between different types of wind field model under the action of wind load, and the numerical calculation results were compared with wind tunnel test results, verify the reliability of CFD numerical calculation. On this basis, through the model in different location with dividers to discuss the properties of 45 degree of wind direction under the flat roof of the conical vortices. At the same time, focus on the roof with different height of parapet effect on the wind pressure distribution. The results show that the vortex formed around the flow field based on Q criterion method can better identify vortex structures. Uniform flow and conical vortex vortex interaction and off side, the effect will be feedback to the roof to roof two conical vortex vortex intensity in roof diagonal axis alternating fluctuation shift. But in the role of turbulent wind field, the roof does not appear this kind of conical vortex wave Dynamic phenomenon. The existence of the roofing parapet wall will make the gap narrowing of the roof conical vortex, vortex become wide and increase the footprint, roof peak suction with parapet height decreases rapidly. (2) in the aspect ratio of the facade AIJ 1:1:0.5 building model is arranged on the balcony, and using large eddy simulation (LES) a method for the numerical simulation of the calculation process, according to the different wind field, different wind angle (0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees) and different balcony overhang length are simulated and analyzed systematically. On this basis, focusing on the vertical surface of the balcony the influence of wind pressure distribution and building surface wind field. The results show that the separation of the balcony there will be clearly change the air flow on the surface of building, reattachment, pressure changes mainly concentrated in the windward side, especially the windward side of the top row on both sides of the balcony and balcony Area. In addition, with the increase of flow direction, the effect of wind pressure on the windward side of the balcony on the building gradually increased. (3) using the Euler Euler multiphase model system, the raindrop ansatz for the continuous medium, through the FLUENT software on the computer program to prepare the corresponding UDF, respectively for the typical bridge section the section model and Xiazhang bridge north main bridge bridge model for numerical simulation of three dimensional wind driven rain. The calculated model of the wind and rain around the distribution of raindrop capture rate, raindrop impact load and bridge by three component parameters. Then, with rectangular section and quasi streamline section model as the object to investigate the effect of the deck of bridge fence detail structure wind field and the three component coefficient around the bridge structure. The study found that the effects of raindrops on the overall average load is relatively small, have influence on the three component coefficients, but the impact of Is not large. Deck guardrail has some effect of resistance to raindrop impact bridge, bridge lane by rain intensity, and have obvious influence on the structure of the bridge wind field. (4) at the end of this paper, the research work is summarized and prospected the research results of this paper can also be to provide valuable reference for the wind resistant design of engineering structure.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU312.1

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