本文關(guān)鍵詞： 大型商業(yè)銀行 信貸行業(yè)流向 信貸區(qū)域流向 信貸客戶流向　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：金融對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的推動(dòng)作用早已在世界范圍內(nèi)得到了廣泛的認(rèn)識(shí)和實(shí)踐。我國(guó)金融結(jié)構(gòu)尚屬于銀行導(dǎo)向型,商業(yè)銀行在我國(guó)金融體系中發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。作為配置社會(huì)資金的重要環(huán)節(jié),商業(yè)銀行的信貸行為與國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)之間存在著密不可分的相互作用的關(guān)系。我國(guó)目前正處于經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,相比增加商業(yè)銀行信貸投放帶動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),調(diào)整商業(yè)銀行信貸流向配合經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型顯得更為重要。我國(guó)大型商業(yè)銀行信貸資產(chǎn)占所有銀行業(yè)金融機(jī)構(gòu)信貸資產(chǎn)總額的半數(shù)以上,其信貸業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)額和信貸業(yè)務(wù)范圍均處于絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)地位。此外,我國(guó)大型商業(yè)銀行具有國(guó)有資本控股的產(chǎn)權(quán)背景,意味著其更加重大的社會(huì)責(zé)任和更加廣泛的社會(huì)影響力。因此,相比其他商業(yè)銀行,我國(guó)大型商業(yè)銀行信貸流向?qū)?duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生更加顯著的影響。以往關(guān)于商業(yè)銀行信貸流向的文獻(xiàn)多數(shù)以所有商業(yè)銀行或者所有上市商業(yè)銀行為研究對(duì)象,選取行業(yè)、區(qū)域或產(chǎn)權(quán)某單一角度進(jìn)行分析。本文選取我國(guó)五家大型國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行作為研究對(duì)象,分別從行業(yè)、區(qū)域和貸款對(duì)象三個(gè)角度分析其信貸流向現(xiàn)狀,使得文章的得出的結(jié)論更具針對(duì)性且更為全面。通過對(duì)五大行年報(bào)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的分析,作者發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)大型商業(yè)銀行信貸資源在行業(yè)方面主要流向了支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)和基礎(chǔ)性產(chǎn)業(yè),流向戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的信貸資源份額偏小;在區(qū)域方面集中流向了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的東部地區(qū),但流向西部地區(qū)的信貸近年來增長(zhǎng)最為迅速;在貸款對(duì)象方面流向個(gè)人的信貸份額逐年提升且個(gè)人貸款產(chǎn)品種類愈加豐富。接下來作者分別從微觀和中觀兩個(gè)層面來探討我國(guó)大型商業(yè)銀行信貸流向的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響和社會(huì)影響。微觀層面包括對(duì)銀行自身收益和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平的影響、對(duì)資金需求者的影響以及對(duì)信貸資金微觀配置效率的影響;中觀層面包括對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的影響、對(duì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響以及對(duì)信貸資金中觀配置效率的影響。在文章的最后,針對(duì)我國(guó)大型商業(yè)銀行信貸流向的現(xiàn)狀,作者提出了降低貸款集中度,貸款流向多元化;依據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策和區(qū)域發(fā)展政策調(diào)整信貸流向在行業(yè)間和區(qū)域間的分布;積極推動(dòng)業(yè)務(wù)創(chuàng)新,為中小型民營(yíng)企業(yè)提供更多的優(yōu)質(zhì)信貸服務(wù)等建議,目的是為了充分發(fā)揮合理的信貸流向?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)帶來的積極影響。
[Abstract]:The role of finance in promoting the economy has been widely recognized and practiced all over the world. The financial structure of our country is still bank-oriented. Commercial banks play an irreplaceable role in our financial system. There is a close relationship between the credit behavior of commercial banks and the national economy. It is even more important to adjust the credit flow of commercial banks to cope with the structural transformation of the economy. The credit assets of large commercial banks in China account for more than half of the total credit assets of all banking financial institutions. In addition, the large commercial banks in our country have the property right background of state-owned capital holding, which means that they have more social responsibility and wider social influence. Compared with other commercial banks, the credit flow of large commercial banks in China will have a more significant impact on the social economy. In this paper, five large state-owned commercial banks in China are selected as the research object, respectively from three angles of industry, region and loan object to analyze the current situation of credit flow. Through the analysis of the relevant data of the annual reports of the five big banks, the author finds that the credit resources of the large commercial banks in our country mainly flow to the pillar industry and the basic industry in the industry. The share of credit resources flowing to strategic emerging industries is small, and the regional flow of credit resources is concentrated to the eastern regions with developed economies, but the credit flowing to the western regions has increased most rapidly in recent years. The amount of credit flowing to individuals is increasing year by year and the types of individual loan products are becoming more and more abundant. Then the author discusses the economic influence of the credit flow of large commercial banks in China from the micro and the meso levels respectively. Impact and social impact. Microcosmic aspects include the impact on banks' own income and risk levels, The impact on the fund demanders and the impact on the micro-allocation efficiency of credit funds; the impact on the adjustment of industrial structure, the impact on the development of regional economy and the impact on the efficiency of the mid-scale allocation of credit funds at the end of the article. In view of the current situation of the credit flow of large commercial banks in China, the author proposes to reduce the credit concentration, to diversify the loan flow, to adjust the distribution of credit flow between industries and regions according to the industrial policy and regional development policy. In order to give full play to the positive influence of reasonable credit flow to the economy and society, we should actively promote business innovation and provide more high quality credit services for small and medium-sized private enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4

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