行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的組織邊界與市場準(zhǔn)入機(jī)制分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-07 19:45
【摘要】：隨著新一輪的政府經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革和社會(huì)體制改革的深入進(jìn)行,政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變和社會(huì)治理領(lǐng)域制度創(chuàng)新的不斷深入,社會(huì)團(tuán)體發(fā)揮作用的空間日益顯現(xiàn)。但是由于歷史和體制方面的原因,我國《社會(huì)團(tuán)體登記管理?xiàng)l例》規(guī)定成立社會(huì)團(tuán)體“應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)其業(yè)務(wù)主管單位審查同意”和在同一行政區(qū)域內(nèi),沒有必要成立“已有業(yè)務(wù)范圍相同或者相似的社會(huì)團(tuán)體”,造成的局面是隸屬于社會(huì)團(tuán)體的行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)受到“雙重管理體制”和“一地一會(huì),一業(yè)一會(huì)”制度的約束。“一地一會(huì),一業(yè)一會(huì)”制度,造成了我國行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)獨(dú)家壟斷的局面,致使行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的功能并未得到有效發(fā)揮。2013年3月出臺(tái)的《國務(wù)院辦公廳關(guān)于實(shí)施國務(wù)院機(jī)構(gòu)改革和職能轉(zhuǎn)變方案任務(wù)分工的通知》(后文簡稱《通知》)中明確指出：應(yīng)“逐步推進(jìn)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)商會(huì)與行政機(jī)關(guān)脫鉤”,并確定一批行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)商會(huì)“試點(diǎn)一業(yè)多會(huì)”,同時(shí)對(duì)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)商會(huì)“實(shí)行民政部門直接登記制度”。這標(biāo)志著我國行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的管理體制有望告別“雙重管理體制”和“一業(yè)一會(huì)”的制約�！锻ㄖ烦雠_(tái)后,多數(shù)城市相繼推出最新的行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)管理辦法,積極進(jìn)行行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)管理探索,綜合比較這些城市最新的行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)管理辦法,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)各城市允許成立的行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)數(shù)量大有不同,同時(shí)也有部分城市依舊執(zhí)行《社會(huì)團(tuán)體登記條例》中舊有的行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)“一業(yè)一會(huì)”的管理規(guī)定。對(duì)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)應(yīng)該實(shí)施“一業(yè)一會(huì)”還是“一業(yè)多會(huì)”,本研究認(rèn)為首先要厘清行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的最優(yōu)組織邊界,也就是行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)包含多少家會(huì)員企業(yè)時(shí),行業(yè)內(nèi)各經(jīng)濟(jì)主體的利益達(dá)到最大。具體到不同的市場結(jié)構(gòu)中,由于行業(yè)中企業(yè)的數(shù)量、規(guī)模等因素都會(huì)影響企業(yè)參與或退出行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的決策,所以有必要把行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)最優(yōu)組織邊界應(yīng)用到具體的市場結(jié)構(gòu)中來。為此本研究第三章中首先論證了行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)存在的降低交易成本的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)依據(jù),得出行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)存在的必要性。然后對(duì)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)提供的產(chǎn)品按照排他性和競用性進(jìn)行分類,并依據(jù)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)供給的產(chǎn)品類型,將行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)分為三種不同的類型,包括公共產(chǎn)品型行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)、俱樂部產(chǎn)品型行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)和混合產(chǎn)品型行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)。在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究論證了這三種類型行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的最優(yōu)組織邊界,即一個(gè)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)包含多少家會(huì)員企業(yè)時(shí),行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)中的會(huì)員企業(yè)收益達(dá)到最大。在第四章中首先分析了數(shù)量眾多同質(zhì)性企業(yè)市場結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),然后由行業(yè)中企業(yè)數(shù)量和行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)最優(yōu)組織邊界,推出行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)數(shù)量與行業(yè)中成員企業(yè)數(shù)量的定量關(guān)系,從而得出一個(gè)行業(yè)中最優(yōu)的行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)數(shù)量,又由于該市場中企業(yè)的同質(zhì)性,企業(yè)在想獲得行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)收益的同時(shí),存在不愿為行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)成立支出費(fèi)用的搭便車行為,為此,本研究提出在該市場中政府應(yīng)主導(dǎo)成立行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的政策建議；同樣的在壟斷競爭市場中,行業(yè)中企業(yè)成員數(shù)量是決定行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)數(shù)量的一大因素,但是壟斷競爭市場結(jié)構(gòu)中,企業(yè)之間的異質(zhì)性導(dǎo)致行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)中存在大企業(yè)控制問題,這時(shí)成立代表中小企業(yè)利益的行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)成為必然。根據(jù)本研究對(duì)三種類型行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)組織邊界的分析以及兩種不同市場結(jié)構(gòu)下行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的市場準(zhǔn)入研究,本研究認(rèn)為：第一,行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)市場準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)依據(jù)市場結(jié)構(gòu)的不同而有所不同,不能一概而論。第二,鑒于行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)存在的降低交易成本作用,本研究提出對(duì)于由同質(zhì)性企業(yè)組成的市場,政府應(yīng)當(dāng)主導(dǎo)成立行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)。第三,在由異質(zhì)性企業(yè)組成的壟斷競爭市場中,對(duì)于現(xiàn)存的大企業(yè)控制問題,解決的思路是成立能夠代表小企業(yè)利益的行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)。本研究的不足之處在于：第一,通過研讀行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)章程以及參考前人研究成果,本研究將行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)供給的產(chǎn)品限定在公共產(chǎn)品和俱樂部產(chǎn)品,盡管行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)也供給私人產(chǎn)品,但由于私人產(chǎn)品的供給比重較小,所以本文并未單獨(dú)對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究。第二,為克服同質(zhì)性企業(yè)“搭便車”難題,本研究提出由政府替代企業(yè)來組建行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì),要使該政策建議成立的前提條件是：政府成立行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)支付的成本小于行業(yè)中會(huì)員企業(yè)獲得的收益,本研究沒有對(duì)此前提條件進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證,這是本研究的又一個(gè)不足之處。第三,本研究只分析了數(shù)量眾多同質(zhì)性企業(yè)構(gòu)成的市場和壟斷競爭市場中行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的市場準(zhǔn)入,對(duì)于其它市場結(jié)構(gòu),本研究并沒有進(jìn)行探討,這也是本研究的一個(gè)不足之處。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of the government's economic system and the reform of the social system, the transformation of the government's functions and the deepening of the system of social governance, the space of the social groups is becoming more and more evident. However, due to the historical and institutional reasons, the Regulations on the Administration of the Registration of the Social Groups in China provide for the establishment of the "The consent shall be reviewed by its competent business unit" of the social groups and the establishment of the "a social group that has the same or similar business scope" in the same administrative region, The situation created is that the industry associations affiliated with the social groups are subject to the "dual management system" and the "I'll take a while, one for a while." system. The "I'll take a while, one for a while." system, which has caused the exclusive monopoly of the trade association of our country, The function of the service and economic development of the trade association is not effective. The Circular of the General Office of the State Council in March 2013 on the implementation of the division of work on the reform of the State Council and the transformation of the functions of the functions and functions of the State Council (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice") clearly states that: the "To step forward the decoupling of the trade association chamber of commerce with the administrative organ" should be taken into account, And the "Pilot one-industry multi-meeting" of a group of trade association chambers of commerce is determined and the "Carry out the direct registration system of the civil affairs department" of the trade association chamber of commerce is also determined. It is a sign that the management system of the trade association of our country is expected to bid farewell to the "dual management system" and the "a business for a while". "After the announcement, most cities have successively introduced the latest industry association management methods, actively engaged in the management and exploration of the trade associations, and comprehensively compared the latest industry association management methods of these cities, and it can be found that the number of trade associations allowed to be established in different cities is greatly different," At the same time, some cities still implement the management regulations of the old industrial association's "a business for a while" in the Social Group Registration Ordinance. If the trade association should implement the "a business for a while" or the "one-industry multi-meeting", the research believes that the best organization boundary of the trade association is first to be determined, and that is, how many member enterprises are included in the trade association, and the interests of the economic entities in the industry reach the maximum. In the different market structure, because the number and scale of the enterprises in the industry influence the decision of the enterprise to participate in or withdraw from the trade association, it is necessary to apply the best organization boundary of the trade association to the specific market structure. In the third chapter of this study, the paper first proves the economic basis of reducing transaction cost in the trade association, and draws the necessity of the trade association. The products provided by the trade association are then classified according to the exclusiveness and the competition, and the trade association is divided into three different types according to the product type supplied by the trade association, including the public product type trade association, the club product type trade association and the mixed product type trade association. On the basis of the previous research, this study demonstrates the best organization boundary of the three types of trade associations, that is, how many member enterprises are included in a trade association, and the income of the member enterprises in the trade association is the largest. in that fourth chap, we first analyze the characteristics of the market structure of the large quantity of the same qualitative enterprise, and then the quantitative relation between the number of the trade association and the number of the member enterprises in the industry is introduced by the number of enterprises in the industry and the optimal organization boundary of the trade association, so as to obtain the optimal number of trade associations in an industry, In this study, the government should take the lead in the policy suggestion of the establishment of the trade association; in the same way, in the monopoly competition market, the number of the enterprises in the industry is a major factor in determining the number of the trade associations, but in the structure of the monopoly competition market, The heterogeneity of the enterprise leads to the problem of large enterprise control in the trade association, and the establishment of a trade association representing the interests of the small and medium-sized enterprises is inevitable. According to the analysis of the organizational boundaries of the three types of trade associations and the market access research of the trade associations under the two different market structures, the first, the market access standards of the trade associations should be different according to the market structure and cannot be generalized. Second, in view of the reduced transaction cost of the trade association, the research put forward that the government should lead the establishment of the trade association for the market composed of the same-quality enterprises. Third, in the monopoly competition market composed of heterogeneous enterprises, for the existing large-scale enterprise control problem, the solution is to establish a trade association that can represent the interests of small enterprises. The deficiency of this study is that the first, through the study of the association's constitution and the previous research results, this study defines the products supplied by the trade association in the public goods and the club products, although the trade association also supplies the private products, However, since the specific gravity of the private product is small, this paper does not study it separately. Second, in order to overcome the problem of the "hitchhiker" of the same-quality enterprise, the present study proposes that the government replace the enterprise to form the trade association, so that the precondition that the policy is set up is that the cost of the government's establishment of the trade association is less than that obtained by the member enterprises in the industry, This study is not further validated for this prerequisite, which is another disadvantage of this study. Third, the present study only analyzes the market access of the trade associations in the market and the monopoly competition market, which is composed of a large number of homogeneity enterprises, and has not been discussed for other market structures, which is also a deficiency of the research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F203
本文編號(hào)：2495036
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of the government's economic system and the reform of the social system, the transformation of the government's functions and the deepening of the system of social governance, the space of the social groups is becoming more and more evident. However, due to the historical and institutional reasons, the Regulations on the Administration of the Registration of the Social Groups in China provide for the establishment of the "The consent shall be reviewed by its competent business unit" of the social groups and the establishment of the "a social group that has the same or similar business scope" in the same administrative region, The situation created is that the industry associations affiliated with the social groups are subject to the "dual management system" and the "I'll take a while, one for a while." system. The "I'll take a while, one for a while." system, which has caused the exclusive monopoly of the trade association of our country, The function of the service and economic development of the trade association is not effective. The Circular of the General Office of the State Council in March 2013 on the implementation of the division of work on the reform of the State Council and the transformation of the functions of the functions and functions of the State Council (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice") clearly states that: the "To step forward the decoupling of the trade association chamber of commerce with the administrative organ" should be taken into account, And the "Pilot one-industry multi-meeting" of a group of trade association chambers of commerce is determined and the "Carry out the direct registration system of the civil affairs department" of the trade association chamber of commerce is also determined. It is a sign that the management system of the trade association of our country is expected to bid farewell to the "dual management system" and the "a business for a while". "After the announcement, most cities have successively introduced the latest industry association management methods, actively engaged in the management and exploration of the trade associations, and comprehensively compared the latest industry association management methods of these cities, and it can be found that the number of trade associations allowed to be established in different cities is greatly different," At the same time, some cities still implement the management regulations of the old industrial association's "a business for a while" in the Social Group Registration Ordinance. If the trade association should implement the "a business for a while" or the "one-industry multi-meeting", the research believes that the best organization boundary of the trade association is first to be determined, and that is, how many member enterprises are included in the trade association, and the interests of the economic entities in the industry reach the maximum. In the different market structure, because the number and scale of the enterprises in the industry influence the decision of the enterprise to participate in or withdraw from the trade association, it is necessary to apply the best organization boundary of the trade association to the specific market structure. In the third chapter of this study, the paper first proves the economic basis of reducing transaction cost in the trade association, and draws the necessity of the trade association. The products provided by the trade association are then classified according to the exclusiveness and the competition, and the trade association is divided into three different types according to the product type supplied by the trade association, including the public product type trade association, the club product type trade association and the mixed product type trade association. On the basis of the previous research, this study demonstrates the best organization boundary of the three types of trade associations, that is, how many member enterprises are included in a trade association, and the income of the member enterprises in the trade association is the largest. in that fourth chap, we first analyze the characteristics of the market structure of the large quantity of the same qualitative enterprise, and then the quantitative relation between the number of the trade association and the number of the member enterprises in the industry is introduced by the number of enterprises in the industry and the optimal organization boundary of the trade association, so as to obtain the optimal number of trade associations in an industry, In this study, the government should take the lead in the policy suggestion of the establishment of the trade association; in the same way, in the monopoly competition market, the number of the enterprises in the industry is a major factor in determining the number of the trade associations, but in the structure of the monopoly competition market, The heterogeneity of the enterprise leads to the problem of large enterprise control in the trade association, and the establishment of a trade association representing the interests of the small and medium-sized enterprises is inevitable. According to the analysis of the organizational boundaries of the three types of trade associations and the market access research of the trade associations under the two different market structures, the first, the market access standards of the trade associations should be different according to the market structure and cannot be generalized. Second, in view of the reduced transaction cost of the trade association, the research put forward that the government should lead the establishment of the trade association for the market composed of the same-quality enterprises. Third, in the monopoly competition market composed of heterogeneous enterprises, for the existing large-scale enterprise control problem, the solution is to establish a trade association that can represent the interests of small enterprises. The deficiency of this study is that the first, through the study of the association's constitution and the previous research results, this study defines the products supplied by the trade association in the public goods and the club products, although the trade association also supplies the private products, However, since the specific gravity of the private product is small, this paper does not study it separately. Second, in order to overcome the problem of the "hitchhiker" of the same-quality enterprise, the present study proposes that the government replace the enterprise to form the trade association, so that the precondition that the policy is set up is that the cost of the government's establishment of the trade association is less than that obtained by the member enterprises in the industry, This study is not further validated for this prerequisite, which is another disadvantage of this study. Third, the present study only analyzes the market access of the trade associations in the market and the monopoly competition market, which is composed of a large number of homogeneity enterprises, and has not been discussed for other market structures, which is also a deficiency of the research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F203
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