【摘要】：目前,經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中各種商業(yè)欺詐行為愈演愈烈,這不僅會(huì)損害市場(chǎng)中利益相關(guān)者權(quán)益,還會(huì)破壞市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的環(huán)境,使得誠(chéng)信的商家失去對(duì)市場(chǎng)的信心,進(jìn)而給市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定和長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展帶來(lái)阻礙,這已經(jīng)成為了全世界普遍存在的世界性問(wèn)題。商業(yè)欺詐是我國(guó)法律規(guī)定中眾多“欺詐”行為的一種,其僅限于商業(yè)領(lǐng)域,目的是牟取非法經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。商業(yè)欺詐行為的界定需要滿足兩個(gè)條件：首先,欺詐行為發(fā)生在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)交易活動(dòng)中；其次,行為方的欺詐行為具有主觀上的故意性,即通過(guò)虛構(gòu)事實(shí)、故意發(fā)布虛假信息或故意隱瞞真實(shí)情況等有意行為,來(lái)誤導(dǎo)或欺騙對(duì)方,致對(duì)方使用陷入錯(cuò)誤的意思表示,以期獲得額外經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段對(duì)商業(yè)欺詐的研究從法律視角及倫理學(xué)視角進(jìn)行理論分析的文章較多,但對(duì)于如何利用規(guī)范利用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析方法對(duì)商業(yè)欺詐行為盛行的原因以及如何對(duì)進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)規(guī)制的文章較少。正是在這樣的背景下,本文通過(guò)將商業(yè)欺詐與法律中相近概念進(jìn)行對(duì)比,進(jìn)一步對(duì)商業(yè)欺詐的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行界定,并運(yùn)用演化博弈論、制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和信息經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的諸多理論,對(duì)商業(yè)欺詐行為特別是電子商務(wù)領(lǐng)域的欺詐行為產(chǎn)生的根源進(jìn)行了深入分析。本文發(fā)現(xiàn)信息不對(duì)稱為商業(yè)欺詐提供了便利條件,道德滑坡讓更多商家選擇欺詐,但這些絕不是商業(yè)欺詐的根源。探索商業(yè)欺詐行為泛濫的根源,需要從消費(fèi)者、企業(yè)和政府三方面進(jìn)行綜合考量。首先,消費(fèi)者由于攀比、從眾、容忍等不健康的消費(fèi)心理,使得市場(chǎng)對(duì)假冒偽劣商品有一定的需求,這種需求自然會(huì)帶來(lái)市場(chǎng)的供給；其次,商家相對(duì)于消費(fèi)者,在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中處于優(yōu)勢(shì)地位,其掌握更多關(guān)于產(chǎn)品的真實(shí)信息,這種信息不對(duì)稱使得商家可以借此獲得超額的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)；最后,政府作為市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的監(jiān)管者,是打擊商業(yè)欺詐活動(dòng)最重要的組織,政府對(duì)于欺詐者的態(tài)度直接影響到欺詐者的行為選擇,但我國(guó)目前相關(guān)立法并不完善,使得欺詐者有機(jī)可趁,當(dāng)有道德缺失的經(jīng)濟(jì)主體發(fā)現(xiàn)利用信息蒙蔽進(jìn)行商業(yè)欺詐有利可圖,并得不到現(xiàn)有制度的有效懲罰,就會(huì)鋌而走險(xiǎn),并因示范效應(yīng)而引發(fā)更多的類似行為。有效打擊商業(yè)欺詐活動(dòng),需要企業(yè)、政府以及消費(fèi)者的共同努力,本文的最后也從這三個(gè)方面分別探討了對(duì)商業(yè)欺詐行為進(jìn)行綜合治理的對(duì)策建議。解決非對(duì)稱條件下的商業(yè)欺詐行為,一方面要大力提倡企業(yè)的誠(chéng)信意識(shí),加強(qiáng)道德建設(shè),呼吁企業(yè)要把“誠(chéng)信、責(zé)任”真正放在第一位,而不只是作為欺騙消費(fèi)者的面具,同時(shí),要加大自己的信息披露,盡量消除信息不對(duì)稱帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響,提高消費(fèi)者的信息甄別能力；另一方面,更重要的是要加強(qiáng)立法,完善相關(guān)制度,從制度和法律上對(duì)非對(duì)稱信息條件下企業(yè)的商業(yè)欺詐行為進(jìn)行有效約束,如果政府釋放出“一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)欺詐,一定嚴(yán)厲處罰”的“零容忍”信號(hào),那么商家選擇欺詐的成本會(huì)大大增加,那么選擇欺詐的商家數(shù)量必然會(huì)減少,市場(chǎng)中的欺詐行為也能得到遏制；最后,通過(guò)講座、公益廣告等方式,塑造消費(fèi)者健康的消費(fèi)心理,還要提高消費(fèi)者對(duì)欺詐行為的認(rèn)識(shí),提高消費(fèi)者維權(quán)意識(shí),降低維權(quán)成本。
[Abstract]:At present, various commercial frauds in the economic field are becoming more and more intense, which not only can damage the rights and interests of the stakeholders in the market, but also destroy the environment of the fair competition of the market economy, so that the good faith merchants lose the confidence in the market, Furthermore, the stability and long-term development of the market economy have been hindered, which has become a universal problem in the world. Commercial fraud is one of the "many frauds" in the law of our country, which is limited to the commercial field and the purpose is to make illegal economic benefits. The definition of commercial fraud needs to satisfy two conditions: first, the fraudulent conduct occurs in the market operation transaction activity; secondly, the fraud behavior of the actor has the subjective intention, that is, through the fictitious fact, the intentional release of the false information or the intentional concealment of the real situation and other intentional acts, To mislead or deceive the other, to cause the other party to use the wrong meaning, with a view to obtaining the extra economic benefit. At the present stage of our country, the research of the commercial fraud is more than the theoretical analysis from the legal angle of view and the angle of ethics, but how to use the standard to make use of the economic analysis method to the reason why the commercial fraud is popular and how to regulate the market is less. In this context, by comparing commercial fraud with similar concepts in law, this paper further defines the connotation of commercial fraud, and uses the theory of evolution game theory, institutional economics and information economics. An in-depth analysis of the root causes of fraud in the area of commercial fraud, in particular in the area of e-commerce. This paper finds that information is not a convenient condition for business fraud, and that moral landslides have allowed more businesses to choose fraud, but these are in no way the root of commercial fraud. To explore the root causes of the proliferation of commercial fraud, a comprehensive consideration should be given to the three aspects of consumer, enterprise and government. First, the consumer has a certain demand for fake and shoddy goods due to the unhealthy consumption psychology, such as the climbing ratio, the crowd, and the tolerance, which naturally brings the supply of the market; and secondly, the merchant is in an advantageous position in the market economy with respect to the consumer, in that end, the government, as a regulator of the market economy, is the most important organization to combat commercial fraud, The government's attitude to the fraudster directly affects the behavior choice of the fraudster, but the relevant legislation in our country is not perfect, so that the fraudster can take advantage of it, and when there is a moral-missing economic subject, it is found that the commercial fraud is profitable by the use of the information, Without the effective punishment of the existing system, there will be a risk of risk, and more similar acts can be caused by the demonstration effect. In order to deal with the commercial fraud effectively, we need the joint efforts of the enterprises, the government and the consumers. Finally, the article also discusses the countermeasures to the comprehensive treatment of the commercial fraud. To solve the commercial fraud behavior under the asymmetric condition, on the one hand, we should vigorously promote the integrity consciousness of the enterprise and strengthen the moral construction, and call on the enterprise to put the "Integrity and responsibility" into the first place, not just as a mask to cheat the consumer, and at the same time, to increase its own information disclosure, As far as possible, the negative effect of information asymmetry can be eliminated, and the information screening ability of the consumer is improved; on the other hand, it is more important to strengthen the legislation, improve the relevant system, and effectively restrain the commercial fraud of the enterprise under the condition of the asymmetric information from the system and the law, If the government releases the "In case of fraud, it must be severely punished." 's "zero tolerance" signal, then the cost of the merchant to choose the fraud will be greatly increased, the number of the merchants to choose the fraud will be reduced, and the fraud behavior in the market can be contained; and finally, through the way of lecture, public service advertisement, etc., In order to shape the consumer's healthy consumer psychology, we should also improve the consumer's awareness of the fraud, improve the awareness of the consumer's rights and reduce the cost of protecting the rights.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F203

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本文編號(hào)：2487677