【摘要】：城市規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大是城市化進(jìn)程中的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)。在初期,城市通過知識和技術(shù)外溢、共享基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、拓展產(chǎn)業(yè)前后向聯(lián)系等產(chǎn)生規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì),進(jìn)而帶動區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。但隨著城市規(guī)模的進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,大城市所帶來的交通擁堵和環(huán)境污染等一系列“城市病”現(xiàn)象也更加明顯。企業(yè)作為市場經(jīng)濟(jì)主體,一方面是商品市場的供給者,另一方面又是勞動力市場的需求者；它們不僅是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分,也是推動經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主要?jiǎng)恿�。企業(yè)在不斷帶動經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí)也受到城市規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響,因此,城市規(guī)模變化能否為企業(yè)帶來實(shí)際利益,是決定城市未來發(fā)展方向的重要因素。首先,本文對國內(nèi)外城市規(guī)模和企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率相關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了歸納和總結(jié)。其次,基于1998-2007年微觀企業(yè)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)和地級市城市規(guī)模統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),研究城市規(guī)模和企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率水平之間的關(guān)系。通過回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),城市規(guī)模每擴(kuò)大一個(gè)百分點(diǎn),企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率水平會提高0.0047個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。最后,為避免內(nèi)生性問題,本文進(jìn)一步使用工具變量法修正了原有回歸模型得出：城市規(guī)模每擴(kuò)大一個(gè)百分點(diǎn)可以引起企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率水平提高1.18個(gè)百分點(diǎn),且東、中、西部均無一例外地表現(xiàn)出積極效果。實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)的結(jié)果和理論分析相吻合,即城市規(guī)模擴(kuò)大有助于提高企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率水平,且二者之間存在“倒U型”演進(jìn)關(guān)系。綜合以上理論分析和實(shí)證結(jié)果給出的政策建議為：努力推進(jìn)城市化進(jìn)程仍然是釋放企業(yè)創(chuàng)新或發(fā)展的重要抓手；雖然東部地區(qū)越來越受到城市擁擠效應(yīng)的影響,但中、西部地區(qū)正受益于城市規(guī)模的擴(kuò)張。
[Abstract]:The continuous expansion of urban scale is a remarkable feature in the process of urbanization. In the initial stage, cities produce economies of scale through spillover of knowledge and technology, sharing infrastructure, and expanding backward and backward linkages of industries, thus driving the development of regional economy. However, with the further expansion of urban scale, a series of "urban diseases" such as traffic congestion and environmental pollution brought by big cities are becoming more obvious. As the main body of market economy, enterprises, on the one hand, are the suppliers of the commodity market, on the other hand, they are the demanders of the labor market, which are not only an important part of the national economy, but also the main motive force to promote the economic development. At the same time, enterprises are influenced by urban scale economy while driving economic development. Therefore, whether the change of urban scale can bring real benefits to enterprises is an important factor that determines the future direction of urban development. First of all, this paper summarizes the domestic and foreign research literature on urban scale and enterprise productivity. Secondly, based on the microenterprise survey data from 1998 to 2007 and the city scale statistics of prefecture-level cities, the relationship between urban scale and enterprise productivity level is studied. By regression analysis, it is found that the productivity level of enterprises will increase by 0.0047 percentage points with the expansion of urban scale by one percentage point. Finally, in order to avoid the endogenous problem, the paper further uses the tool variable method to revise the original regression model. It is concluded that every percentage point expansion of the urban scale can lead to an increase of 1.18 percentage points in the productivity level of the enterprise, and in the east, the middle and the east. The west all show positive effect without exception. The results of empirical test are in agreement with theoretical analysis, that is, the expansion of urban scale helps to improve the level of enterprise productivity, and there is a "inverted U-shaped" evolution relationship between the two. Based on the above theoretical analysis and empirical results, the policy recommendations are as follows: to promote the urbanization process is still an important grasp to release the innovation or development of enterprises; Although the eastern region is increasingly affected by the urban congestion effect, the central and western regions are benefiting from the expansion of urban scale.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F299.2;F279.2

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