【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展和科技的進(jìn)步,市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈,在過(guò)去的十年里,為了提高生產(chǎn)效率,許多人類的勞動(dòng)都已經(jīng)被現(xiàn)代機(jī)器所取代。然而,依然有一些既需要足夠的體力,又需要足夠的警覺(jué)性的工作是機(jī)器無(wú)法代替的。在上述工作中,高強(qiáng)度工作占了重要的份額。任何調(diào)動(dòng)大肌肉群的收縮,耗氧量達(dá)到最大耗氧量(VO2max)50%及以上的體力活動(dòng)都可以被定義為高強(qiáng)度工作。在現(xiàn)實(shí)工作中,很多工作人員從事的工作都屬于此范疇,如消防員、救援人員、維修人員以及體育運(yùn)動(dòng)員等。而這些從業(yè)者的工作環(huán)境往往都是比較復(fù)雜并且艱苦的。高強(qiáng)度工作會(huì)引發(fā)疲勞,疲勞會(huì)使得工作人員的無(wú)法完成工作并且認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)下降,甚至造成嚴(yán)重的事故。因此,我們運(yùn)用工效學(xué)知識(shí)于高強(qiáng)度工作人員的工作休息時(shí)間安排,提高其生產(chǎn)效率和安全性。在本次試驗(yàn)研究中,一共有47位受試者參與了實(shí)驗(yàn)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)分為兩個(gè)部分,第一個(gè)部分是反應(yīng)時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)在安靜、高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)后、主觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間后和客觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間后四個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的變化趨勢(shì)。第二部分是客觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間和主觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間預(yù)測(cè)模型的構(gòu)建。47位受試者被分為兩組,其中6位被隨機(jī)選擇組成對(duì)照組,其他受試者組成實(shí)驗(yàn)組。實(shí)驗(yàn)組成員的數(shù)據(jù)被用以構(gòu)建客觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間和主觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間的預(yù)測(cè)模型,對(duì)照組的數(shù)據(jù)被用以驗(yàn)證模型的準(zhǔn)確性。測(cè)試前,每位受試者需要完成個(gè)人信息統(tǒng)計(jì)表、運(yùn)動(dòng)功能感知測(cè)試問(wèn)卷(PFA)和運(yùn)動(dòng)等級(jí)測(cè)試問(wèn)卷(PA-R)這三份問(wèn)卷。在測(cè)試過(guò)程中,所有受試者都需要完成高強(qiáng)度工作測(cè)試(70%最大工作能力),他們持續(xù)不斷的工作直到精疲力竭,然后靜坐休息,當(dāng)他們自我感覺(jué)不再疲勞時(shí),所用的休息時(shí)間被記錄為主觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間;當(dāng)他們的心率恢復(fù)到工作前的基準(zhǔn)值時(shí),所用的休息時(shí)間被記錄為客觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間。所得數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過(guò)SPSS軟件處理,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)客觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間與相對(duì)身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、PFA得分、PA-R得分和最大心率顯著相關(guān),并以此為依據(jù)構(gòu)建出客觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間的預(yù)測(cè)模型;主觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間與性別、相對(duì)身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、正常心率、PFA得分和PA-R得分顯著相關(guān),并以此為依據(jù)構(gòu)建出主觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間的預(yù)測(cè)模型。對(duì)于客觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間預(yù)測(cè)模型,我們通過(guò)運(yùn)用年齡與最大心率的相關(guān)線性函數(shù),可以得到一個(gè)不需要實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的更加簡(jiǎn)便的預(yù)測(cè)模型�？偠灾�,高強(qiáng)度工作后,受試者的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)會(huì)有一定程度的下降;主觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間后的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)比高強(qiáng)度工作前更好;客觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間后的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)恢復(fù)到高強(qiáng)度工作前的狀態(tài)。通過(guò)引入PFA和PA-R自測(cè)問(wèn)卷,我們可以構(gòu)建出不需要經(jīng)過(guò)復(fù)雜的實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)的客觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間預(yù)測(cè)模型和主觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間預(yù)測(cè)模型。據(jù)此,我們可以做出合理的工作安排。當(dāng)休息時(shí)間短于客觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間時(shí),高強(qiáng)度工作者不宜繼續(xù)執(zhí)行高強(qiáng)度工作,需要休息;當(dāng)休息時(shí)間超過(guò)主觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間,便可以被安排做一些不需要體力工作的簡(jiǎn)單的腦力工作,直到完成客觀恢復(fù),繼而接著進(jìn)行高強(qiáng)度工作。因此,在已知主觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間和客觀恢復(fù)時(shí)間的基礎(chǔ)上,我們可以合理靈活安排高強(qiáng)度體力工作和簡(jiǎn)單腦力工作相結(jié)合的工作休息時(shí)間,提高工作效率,降低工作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the market competition is increasingly fierce. In the past ten years, in order to improve production efficiency, many human labor has been replaced by modern machines. Intensity work accounts for an important share. Any physical activity that mobilizes the contraction of large muscles and maximizes oxygen consumption (VO2max) by 50% or more can be defined as high-intensity work. In real work, many of the staff work in this area, such as firefighters, rescuers, maintenance personnel and sports. The working environment of these employees is often complex and difficult. High intensity work can lead to fatigue, fatigue can make staff unable to complete their work and cognitive performance decline, and even cause serious accidents. In this study, 47 subjects participated in the experiment. The experiment was divided into two parts. The first part was the change trend of the four time points after quiet, high intensity exercise, subjective recovery time and objective recovery time. The second part was the objective recovery time. Forty-seven subjects were divided into two groups. Six of them were randomly selected to form a control group and the others to form an experimental group. Before the test, each participant was asked to complete three questionnaires: the Personal Information Statistics, the Motion Function Perception Test (PFA) and the Sports Rank Test (PA-R). When they no longer felt tired, the rest time was recorded as subjective recovery time; when their heart rate returned to the baseline before work, the rest time was recorded as objective recovery time. The subjective recovery time was significantly correlated with gender, relative body mass index, normal heart rate, PFA score and PA-R score, and a subjective recovery time prediction model was constructed based on the R score and maximum heart rate. By using a linear correlation function between age and maximum heart rate, a simpler prediction model without laboratory data can be obtained. By introducing PFA and PA-R self-test questionnaires, we can construct objective recovery time prediction model and subjective recovery time prediction model without complicated laboratory tests. Accordingly, we can make reasonable work arrangements. When the rest time is shorter than objective. When the recovery time is longer than the subjective recovery time, the high-intensity worker can be arranged to do some simple mental work which does not require physical work until the objective recovery is completed and then the high-intensity work is carried out. Therefore, the subjective recovery time and the objective recovery time are known. On the basis of multiple hours, we can reasonably and flexibly arrange the work break time which combines high-intensity physical work with simple mental work, so as to improve work efficiency and reduce work risk.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F249.2

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本文編號(hào)：2226125