【摘要】：發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家普遍認(rèn)為,城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)必然導(dǎo)致就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)失衡、收入差距拉大等經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象。江西經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展歷程,其實(shí)質(zhì)正是城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)逐漸向城鄉(xiāng)一體化演進(jìn)的過程。2013年,江西勞動(dòng)力資源總數(shù)為3524.7萬人,勞動(dòng)力資源總數(shù)占人口數(shù)比重為77.9%,城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)人口為934.94萬,鄉(xiāng)村就業(yè)人口為1653.78萬,江西三次產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)值比重分別為11.4:53.5:35.1,二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)逐漸成為拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的主力,但是在就業(yè)吸納能力方面,三次產(chǎn)業(yè)的就業(yè)比重為31.7:31.8:36.5;2013年,江西人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值31777元,2013年,城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入是農(nóng)村居民人均純收入的2.54倍,兩者絕對(duì)差達(dá)到13092元,居民收入增長(zhǎng)較快,但城鄉(xiāng)收入差距顯著。本文首先對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)與收入分配的理論基礎(chǔ)展開論述,然后分別對(duì)江西城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)和收入分配的現(xiàn)狀、特征以及演化趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行研究,并分析城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)與收入分配的影響因素。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),構(gòu)建回歸模型,實(shí)證分析江西城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)因素對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入分配的影響程度;在此基礎(chǔ)上,研究得出收入分配合理化視角下城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的路徑選擇、機(jī)制構(gòu)建,并提出相應(yīng)的政策建議。研究表明,江西就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)趨向“三二一”產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)演化,城鄉(xiāng)收入差距顯著。就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、城鎮(zhèn)化水平都對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距具有顯著的影響,其中第一產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)比重、第三產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值比重對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距具有顯著的較大反向作用;第三產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)比重、城鎮(zhèn)化水平對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距則具有顯著的較小反向作用;而第二產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值比重對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距具有顯著的較大正向作用。此外,環(huán)鄱陽(yáng)湖地區(qū)居民收入泰爾指數(shù)呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì),贛南地區(qū)居民收入泰爾指數(shù)則呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),贛西地區(qū)居民收入泰爾指數(shù)先降后升,贛中地區(qū)居民收入泰爾指數(shù)先升后降。因此,江西要優(yōu)化城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入分配差距,需加快城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)一體化建設(shè)步伐,消除戶籍制度等二元體制性障礙,加大城鄉(xiāng)人力資本積累,促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)。
[Abstract]:Development economists generally believe that the dual structure of urban and rural areas will inevitably lead to imbalance of employment structure, widening income gap and other economic phenomena. The essence of Jiangxi's economic development is the gradual evolution of urban-rural dual structure to urban-rural integration. In 2013, the total number of labor resources in Jiangxi was 35.247 million, the proportion of total labor resources to population was 77.9, and the urban employment population was 9.3494 million. The rural employment population is 16.5378 million, and the proportion of the output value of the three industries in Jiangxi is 11.4: 53.5: 35.1.The second and third industries gradually become the main force in stimulating economic growth. However, in terms of employment absorption capacity, the employment ratio of the three industries is 31.731. 8: 36.5; in 2013, The per capita gross national product of Jiangxi is 31777 yuan. In 2013, the per capita disposable income of urban residents is 2.54 times of that of rural residents. The absolute difference between the two is 13092 yuan. The income of residents increases rapidly, but the income gap between urban and rural areas is significant. This paper first discusses the theoretical basis of urban and rural employment and income distribution, then studies the present situation, characteristics and evolution trend of urban and rural employment and income distribution in Jiangxi Province, and analyzes the influencing factors of urban and rural employment and income distribution. According to the statistical data, build regression model, empirical analysis of the impact of urban and rural employment structure factors on urban and rural income distribution in Jiangxi Province, on the basis of this, the study of income distribution under the perspective of rational perspective of urban and rural employment structure optimization path choice. The mechanism is constructed, and the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward. The research shows that the employment structure of Jiangxi tends to the evolution of "March 21" industrial structure, and the income gap between urban and rural areas is significant. The employment structure, industrial structure and urbanization level have a significant impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas, among which the proportion of employment in the primary industry and the proportion of the output value of the tertiary industry have a significant negative effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas. The proportion of employment in the tertiary industry and the level of urbanization have a significant negative effect on the urban-rural income gap, while the proportion of the output value of the secondary industry has a significant positive effect on the urban-rural income gap. In addition, the Taer index of residents' income in the area around Poyang Lake shows an upward trend, while the index of residents' income in southern Jiangxi shows a downward trend. The index of residents' income in the western region of Jiangxi decreases first and then rises. The index of income of residents in central Jiangxi Province rose first and then decreased. Therefore, in order to optimize the structure of urban and rural employment and narrow the gap between urban and rural income distribution, Jiangxi should speed up the construction of urban-rural labor market integration, eliminate the dual system obstacles, such as household registration system, increase the accumulation of human capital in urban and rural areas, and promote industrial upgrading.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F249.27

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本文編號(hào)：2198538