【摘要】：近代是中國城市轉型發(fā)展的時期,逐漸開放的城市受到西方國家體制文化的影響,城市組織、形態(tài)、功能發(fā)生了轉變。特別是沿海沿江的上海、廣州等城市,最早開始了近代化進程。然而在動蕩的政治和二元型經(jīng)濟環(huán)境下,城市發(fā)展并不均衡,居于內(nèi)陸的非開放城市少有與西方交流的機會,繼續(xù)延續(xù)著傳統(tǒng)城市的發(fā)展軌跡。特別是到了民國時期,整個國家政治體制發(fā)生根本性變化,帶動了傳統(tǒng)城市的近代化進程。那么在這場變革中,城市市民的生活發(fā)生了怎樣的改變,生活水平是否因改革而提高,抑或因動蕩而降低?本文根據(jù)民國時期山西太原城市居民的生活狀況,考察和推測城市近代化對人民生活的影響。本文在民國太原城市近代化變遷背景下,對太原居民的職業(yè)結構進行了分析,并根據(jù)市民消費水平,計算了恩格爾系數(shù),以考察市民生活水平；根據(jù)職業(yè)分類和總消費量,計算了生活費差異系數(shù),以考察貧富差距。從指標系數(shù)來看,當時市民生活水平多處于富裕階層,貧富差距較大。然而分析具體的居民消費結構時,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)居民消費多以生存性消費為主,與指標上計算出的富裕水平相矛盾。通過對具體的消費項目進行分析,延伸到提供這些消費的行業(yè)發(fā)展,與消費結構基本一致,未能解決矛盾。最終從太原原始資本積累階段的特征入手,發(fā)現(xiàn)原始資本積累階段的發(fā)展模式,對人民生活水平的提高具有一種反作用力,這種反作用力抵消了一部分生活從經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中的獲益。資本積累的另一個負面影響是資本快速并大量的集中到少數(shù)人和少數(shù)行業(yè)中,使收入差距拉大,為社會穩(wěn)定埋下了隱患。文章運用了數(shù)理統(tǒng)計的方法,對生活費進行了計算并繪圖,以說明指標性問題。并挖掘出豐富的一手史料,對其進行分析和論證。文章對民國太原居民生活的研究使城市史的研究方向從宏觀的經(jīng)濟研究轉向微觀的居民生活研究,從中國近代沿海城市的研究轉向中部傳統(tǒng)城市的研究,從描述性研究轉向數(shù)理統(tǒng)計研究。分析了傳統(tǒng)的中部城市在近代化發(fā)展過程中的特點及其對居民生活水平的影響。
[Abstract]:Modern China is a period of urban transformation and development. The gradually open cities are influenced by the western countries' institutional culture, and the urban organization, form and function have changed. Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities along the river along the coast, in particular, began the process of modernization. However, in the turbulent political and dualistic economic environment, the urban development is not balanced, and the non-open cities living in the interior have few opportunities to communicate with the West, which continues the development track of the traditional cities. Especially in the period of the Republic of China, the whole national political system underwent fundamental changes, which led to the modernization of traditional cities. So in this change, what has happened to the life of urban residents, whether the standard of living has been improved because of the reform, or because of the turbulence and decline? Based on the living conditions of the urban residents in Taiyuan, Shanxi during the period of the Republic of China, this paper investigates and speculates the influence of urban modernization on people's life. Under the background of urban modernization in the Republic of China, this paper analyzes the occupation structure of Taiyuan residents, and calculates Engel's coefficient according to the consumption level of the citizens, in order to investigate the standard of living of the citizens, according to the occupation classification and the total consumption. The coefficient of cost-of-living difference is calculated to investigate the gap between rich and poor. From the index coefficient, at that time, the standard of living was in the rich class, the gap between rich and poor. However, when analyzing the specific consumption structure of residents, it is found that the residents' consumption is mainly survivability consumption, which contradicts the level of affluence calculated on the index. Through the analysis of the specific consumption items, it extends to the development of the industries providing these consumption, which is basically consistent with the consumption structure and fails to solve the contradiction. Finally, starting with the characteristics of the primitive capital accumulation stage in Taiyuan, it is found that the development mode of the primitive capital accumulation stage has a counterproductive effect on the improvement of the people's living standard. This reaction counteracts some of life's benefits from economic development. Another negative impact of capital accumulation is that capital is rapidly concentrated in a small number of people and a small number of industries, making the income gap widen, and laying hidden dangers for social stability. In this paper, the method of mathematical statistics is used to calculate and draw the cost of living in order to explain the problem of index. And excavates the rich historical material, carries on the analysis and the argument to it. The research on the life of Taiyuan residents in the Republic of China has turned the research direction of urban history from macro-economic research to micro-resident life research, from the modern coastal city of China to the central traditional city. From descriptive research to mathematical statistics. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the traditional central cities in the process of modernization and their influence on the living standards of the residents.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F299.29

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本文編號：2168320