農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化貢獻(xiàn)率測算方法的研究及應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-02 20:01
【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)有著十分重要的作用,一直以來學(xué)術(shù)界都注重農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化貢獻(xiàn)率測算方法的研究,并提出了多種方法,但是每種方法都有其優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足,目前沒有形成統(tǒng)一、規(guī)范的方法。因此研究現(xiàn)有的測算方法,分析其缺點(diǎn)和不足并加以改進(jìn),完善農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化貢獻(xiàn)率的測算方法,這是學(xué)術(shù)必須要解決的問題。在廣泛閱讀有關(guān)資料文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,本文以系統(tǒng)工程理論為導(dǎo)向,采用定性分析結(jié)合定量分析,理論研究結(jié)合實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的方法,將農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化貢獻(xiàn)率的測算方法作為研究重點(diǎn)。本研究的主要內(nèi)容和成果如下:(1)分析闡明農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化及其貢獻(xiàn)率的概念,明確研究范疇,同時著重研究線性規(guī)劃理論和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入要素及其產(chǎn)出彈性的理論,為農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化貢獻(xiàn)率測算方法的研究提供理論依據(jù)。(2)分析現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)中農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化貢獻(xiàn)率的測算方法,具體包括特爾斐法、有無比較法、C-D生產(chǎn)函數(shù)法、索洛余值法和數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析法。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)農(nóng)業(yè)投入要素的產(chǎn)出彈性隨著時間而變化時,C-D生產(chǎn)函數(shù)法和索洛余值法的測算結(jié)果出現(xiàn)負(fù)值,而實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的貢獻(xiàn)率不可能為負(fù)數(shù),這說明測算結(jié)果與實(shí)際生產(chǎn)不相吻合。針對此問題,本文提出了基于增長速度方程的有約束農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化貢獻(xiàn)率的測算法和基于生產(chǎn)函數(shù)的有約束農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化貢獻(xiàn)率的測算法,此兩種方法均以線性規(guī)劃為工具,分別將增長速度方程和生產(chǎn)函數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為熟悉的線性規(guī)劃模型,通過求解線性規(guī)劃得出各投入要素的產(chǎn)出彈性系數(shù),進(jìn)而求出農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的貢獻(xiàn)率。(3)以農(nóng)業(yè)大省黑龍江1995-2012年的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)為例,采用本文提出的基于增長速度方程的有約束測算法和基于生產(chǎn)函數(shù)的有約束測算法測算黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的貢獻(xiàn)率。其中,基于增長速度方程的有約束測算法的測算結(jié)果為12.35%,基于生產(chǎn)函數(shù)的有約束測算法的測算結(jié)果為10.72%,這兩種方法的測算結(jié)果均為正值,且在合理的范圍內(nèi),克服了C-D生產(chǎn)函數(shù)法和索洛余值法的不足。(4)在采用基于增長速度方程的有約束法和基于生產(chǎn)函數(shù)的有約束法測算黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化貢獻(xiàn)率的過程中均算出了各種投入要素的產(chǎn)出彈性。其中農(nóng)機(jī)總動力、化肥投入量、農(nóng)作物總播種面積、有效灌溉面積和農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力的產(chǎn)出彈性系數(shù)的算術(shù)平均值分別為0.2072、0.4781、0.5872、0.6211和0.0547。本文以此為依據(jù)給出了農(nóng)業(yè)增產(chǎn)措施:加快農(nóng)業(yè)水利工程建設(shè);減少化肥,增加有機(jī)肥的使用;繼續(xù)加大農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的投入。本論文的研究成果使得農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化貢獻(xiàn)率的測算方法得到進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展完善。相關(guān)決策部門可以從中得到更加科學(xué)的理論依據(jù),有利于全面推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化事業(yè),促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展,同時也幫助相關(guān)職能部門全面系統(tǒng)的了解農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),強(qiáng)化農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的管理與監(jiān)督。
[Abstract]:Agricultural mechanization plays a very important role in agricultural production. The academic circles have always paid attention to the research of the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization, and put forward a variety of methods, but each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. At present, there is no uniform, standardized method. Therefore, it is necessary for the academic to study the existing calculation methods, analyze their shortcomings and improve the methods of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization. On the basis of extensive reading of relevant materials and documents, this paper, guided by the system engineering theory, adopts qualitative analysis combined with quantitative analysis, theoretical research combined with practical production, and takes the method of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization as the research focus. The main contents and achievements of this study are as follows: (1) the concepts of agricultural mechanization and its contribution rate are analyzed and clarified, and the research scope is clarified. At the same time, the theory of linear programming and the theory of input factors and their output elasticity of agricultural production are emphatically studied. It provides a theoretical basis for the study of the method of measuring the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization. (2) it analyzes the methods of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in the existing literature, including Delphi method, C-D production function method and comparison method. Solow residual value method and data Envelopment Analysis method. It is found that when the output elasticity of agricultural input factors changes with time, the calculation results of C-D production function method and Solow residual value method are negative, but the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in actual production cannot be negative. This shows that the results of calculation and actual production does not coincide. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward the method of calculating the contribution rate of constrained agricultural mechanization based on growth rate equation and the method of calculating the contribution rate of constrained agricultural mechanization based on production function, both of which are based on linear programming. The growth rate equation and production function are transformed into familiar linear programming model, and the output elasticity coefficient of each input element is obtained by solving linear programming. Then the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization is obtained. (3) take the agricultural production in Heilongjiang province from 1995 to 2012 as an example. The contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province is calculated by using the constrained calculation method based on the growth rate equation and the constrained calculation method based on the production function in this paper. Among them, the results of the constrained calculation method based on the growth rate equation are 12.35, and the results of the constrained calculation method based on the production function are 10.72.The results of both methods are positive and within a reasonable range. It overcomes the shortcomings of C-D production function method and Solow residual value method. (4) in the process of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province by using the constrained method based on growth rate equation and the constrained method based on production function, the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province is calculated. The output elasticity of input elements. The arithmetic mean values of the total power of agricultural machinery, the amount of chemical fertilizer input, the total planting area of crops, the effective irrigation area and the output elasticity coefficient of agricultural labor are 0.2072 ~ 0.4781 ~ 0.5872 ~ 0.6211 and 0.0547 ~ (7), respectively. Based on this, the paper gives some measures to increase agricultural production: speeding up the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, reducing chemical fertilizer, increasing the use of organic fertilizer, and continuing to increase the input of agricultural mechanization. The research results of this paper make the calculation method of agricultural mechanization contribution rate to be further developed and improved. Relevant decision-making departments can get more scientific theoretical basis from it, which is conducive to comprehensively promoting the cause of agricultural mechanization and promoting agricultural development, and also helps relevant functional departments to understand agricultural production in a comprehensive and systematic manner. Strengthen the management and supervision of agricultural production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.3;F224
本文編號：2160567
[Abstract]:Agricultural mechanization plays a very important role in agricultural production. The academic circles have always paid attention to the research of the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization, and put forward a variety of methods, but each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. At present, there is no uniform, standardized method. Therefore, it is necessary for the academic to study the existing calculation methods, analyze their shortcomings and improve the methods of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization. On the basis of extensive reading of relevant materials and documents, this paper, guided by the system engineering theory, adopts qualitative analysis combined with quantitative analysis, theoretical research combined with practical production, and takes the method of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization as the research focus. The main contents and achievements of this study are as follows: (1) the concepts of agricultural mechanization and its contribution rate are analyzed and clarified, and the research scope is clarified. At the same time, the theory of linear programming and the theory of input factors and their output elasticity of agricultural production are emphatically studied. It provides a theoretical basis for the study of the method of measuring the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization. (2) it analyzes the methods of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in the existing literature, including Delphi method, C-D production function method and comparison method. Solow residual value method and data Envelopment Analysis method. It is found that when the output elasticity of agricultural input factors changes with time, the calculation results of C-D production function method and Solow residual value method are negative, but the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in actual production cannot be negative. This shows that the results of calculation and actual production does not coincide. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward the method of calculating the contribution rate of constrained agricultural mechanization based on growth rate equation and the method of calculating the contribution rate of constrained agricultural mechanization based on production function, both of which are based on linear programming. The growth rate equation and production function are transformed into familiar linear programming model, and the output elasticity coefficient of each input element is obtained by solving linear programming. Then the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization is obtained. (3) take the agricultural production in Heilongjiang province from 1995 to 2012 as an example. The contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province is calculated by using the constrained calculation method based on the growth rate equation and the constrained calculation method based on the production function in this paper. Among them, the results of the constrained calculation method based on the growth rate equation are 12.35, and the results of the constrained calculation method based on the production function are 10.72.The results of both methods are positive and within a reasonable range. It overcomes the shortcomings of C-D production function method and Solow residual value method. (4) in the process of calculating the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province by using the constrained method based on growth rate equation and the constrained method based on production function, the contribution rate of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province is calculated. The output elasticity of input elements. The arithmetic mean values of the total power of agricultural machinery, the amount of chemical fertilizer input, the total planting area of crops, the effective irrigation area and the output elasticity coefficient of agricultural labor are 0.2072 ~ 0.4781 ~ 0.5872 ~ 0.6211 and 0.0547 ~ (7), respectively. Based on this, the paper gives some measures to increase agricultural production: speeding up the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, reducing chemical fertilizer, increasing the use of organic fertilizer, and continuing to increase the input of agricultural mechanization. The research results of this paper make the calculation method of agricultural mechanization contribution rate to be further developed and improved. Relevant decision-making departments can get more scientific theoretical basis from it, which is conducive to comprehensively promoting the cause of agricultural mechanization and promoting agricultural development, and also helps relevant functional departments to understand agricultural production in a comprehensive and systematic manner. Strengthen the management and supervision of agricultural production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.3;F224
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 蘇斐菲;我國分省區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率測算研究[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2013年
，本文編號：2160567
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