本文選題：國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整 + 城鎮(zhèn)勞動(dòng)力　； 參考：《貴州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)乎國(guó)計(jì)民生,如果國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不好,影響各行各業(yè),影響人民的生活水平。1949-1984年期間,我國(guó)經(jīng)歷了三次大規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整。1949年解放前夕,工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)遭到極大破壞、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量大幅下降、交通運(yùn)輸嚴(yán)重破壞、物價(jià)飛漲、人民失業(yè)等問(wèn)題使中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)處于崩潰狀態(tài)。失業(yè)人口更是大量增加。針對(duì)這種情況,1949-1952年人民政府采取了一系列措施,工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、交通運(yùn)輸?shù)纫驳靡曰謴?fù),國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整及恢復(fù),我國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民的物質(zhì)和文化生活水平得到了改善和提高。就業(yè)人數(shù)也不斷擴(kuò)大。城鎮(zhèn)勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)問(wèn)題也得以緩解。1958年-1960年期間,“大躍進(jìn)”和“人民公社化”運(yùn)動(dòng)造成的后果使全國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)處于嚴(yán)重困難之中。此后,除了出現(xiàn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的大幅度震蕩、物質(zhì)資源的肆意浪費(fèi)等問(wèn)題,還出現(xiàn)了非正常的城鎮(zhèn)人口異常增長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)題。諸多狀況的爆發(fā)性呈現(xiàn)造成全國(guó)性饑荒和城市經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)步履維艱,國(guó)家對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行調(diào)整和緊縮調(diào)控迫在眉睫,導(dǎo)致60年代初期城鎮(zhèn)再次出現(xiàn)失業(yè)嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。鑒于此,黨和國(guó)家擬定并施行“調(diào)整、鞏固、充實(shí)、提高”的方針,以此調(diào)整國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)。此方針的貫徹取得了顯著的成效國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的初調(diào)整與繼續(xù)調(diào)整對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)產(chǎn)生了很大的促進(jìn)作用。70年代末、80年代初期,由于文化大革命,中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)又一次陷入崩潰,工廠(chǎng)停止用工,人民大規(guī)模失業(yè)；國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展受阻,工商業(yè)停滯不前；學(xué)校教學(xué)活動(dòng)斷斷續(xù)續(xù),學(xué)校既不招生,學(xué)生也無(wú)法就業(yè),這些問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致城市就業(yè)及相關(guān)問(wèn)題急劇嚴(yán)重起來(lái)。針對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的困境,中央政府提出了新的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整方針：“調(diào)整、改革、整頓、提高”。這個(gè)方針一經(jīng)貫徹就取得了一定的成果。此次國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的調(diào)整又給我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)帶來(lái)了巨大的正面影響。本文旨在分析建國(guó)以后三次國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整背景、調(diào)整過(guò)程、調(diào)整成果,以及其對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)狀況的影響。筆者在搜集了一定數(shù)量的文獻(xiàn)資料后發(fā)現(xiàn)以國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整為背景的就業(yè)問(wèn)題的研究還是比較有限。故本文從此切入,對(duì)三次國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整進(jìn)行梳理,從中找出調(diào)整過(guò)程中對(duì)就業(yè)的影響做一分析。
[Abstract]:The national economy is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. If the national economy is not well developed, it will affect all kinds of industries and affect the living standards of the people. During the period 1949-1984, China experienced three large-scale economic adjustments. On the eve of liberation in 1949, industrial and agricultural production was greatly damaged. China's economy is in a state of collapse due to a sharp decline in agricultural production, serious damage to transportation, soaring prices and unemployment. The number of unemployed people has increased by a great deal. In view of this situation, a series of measures were taken by the people's government from 1949 to 1952. The industrial and agricultural production, transportation and transportation were also restored, the national economy was adjusted and restored, and the material and cultural living standards of the working people in our country were improved and improved. Employment is also expanding. Between 1958 and 1960, the consequences of the "Great Leap forward" and "people's commune" movement made the national economy in serious difficulty. Since then, in addition to the large shocks of the national economy, wanton waste of material resources and other problems, abnormal urban population growth has emerged. The outbreak of many situations caused the national famine and the urban economic growth is difficult, the state to adjust the economy and tighten adjustment and control is imminent, resulting in the early 1960s urban unemployment again serious problems. In view of this, the Party and the state formulated and implemented the policy of "readjusting, consolidating, enriching and improving" in order to adjust the national economy. The implementation of this policy has achieved remarkable results. The initial adjustment and continued adjustment of the national economy had a great promoting effect on the employment of the labor force at that time. At the end of the 1970s and the early 1980s, the Chinese economy was once again in a state of collapse due to the Cultural Revolution. Factories stopped hiring, the people lost their jobs on a large scale, the national economy was blocked, industry and commerce stagnated, and school teaching activities continued intermittently. Schools neither recruit students nor can students find employment. These problems have led to a sharp rise in urban employment and related problems. In view of the plight of the national economy, the central government has put forward a new national economic adjustment policy: "Adjustment, reform, rectification and improvement." Once this policy has been implemented, certain achievements have been made. The adjustment of the national economy has brought a huge positive impact on the employment of urban labor force in our country. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the background, the process and the results of the three national economic adjustments since the founding of the people's Republic of China, as well as their influence on the employment situation in cities and towns. After collecting a certain amount of literature, the author finds that the research on the employment problem with the background of national economic adjustment is still limited. So this paper analyzes the influence on employment in the adjustment process by combing the third national economic adjustment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F129;F249.29

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