本文關(guān)鍵詞：蘭州市城鎮(zhèn)居民用水階梯定價(jià)及其有效性研究　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 城鎮(zhèn)居民用水 ELES模型 階梯定價(jià) 有效性 蘭州市

【摘要】：近年來(lái),蘭州市水資源供求矛盾日益凸顯,已經(jīng)成為全國(guó)110個(gè)嚴(yán)重缺水型城市之一,同時(shí)居民生活用水總量占城市總用水量的比重也不斷提高,因此居民節(jié)約用水勢(shì)必是城市節(jié)約用水的關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域。水價(jià)是調(diào)節(jié)居民用水需求的主要手段之一,而且階梯水價(jià)改革已成為中央政府的硬性要求,因此如何制定行之有效的階梯水價(jià)政策,以達(dá)到節(jié)約用水、補(bǔ)償成本和促進(jìn)公平的目標(biāo),就成為蘭州市需要面臨的重要課題。首先,在綜述國(guó)內(nèi)外水價(jià)研究文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)居民用水定價(jià)的相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)梳理。其次,從蘭州市居民用水需求的變化、水價(jià)體系的演變等方面分析了蘭州市居民生活用水的現(xiàn)狀。再次,根據(jù)建立的ELES模型分析不同收入群體對(duì)水價(jià)的支付能力,并運(yùn)用給出的階梯參數(shù)估計(jì)方法,測(cè)算了蘭州市各階梯水價(jià)和水量。最后從節(jié)水效果和公平性的角度對(duì)階梯水價(jià)的有效性進(jìn)行了定量分析。本文得出了以下主要結(jié)論：(1)低水價(jià)和單一水價(jià)模式是蘭州市居民生活浪費(fèi)較大,高收入用水戶奢侈性用水較多的重要原因之一。(2)從邊際消費(fèi)傾向、水費(fèi)支出水平、收入彈性和居民基本生活用水需求等角度說(shuō)明了蘭州市在調(diào)整居民用水價(jià)格時(shí),要充分考慮低收入家庭,甚至需要通過(guò)用水補(bǔ)貼等方式來(lái)保證低收入群體的基本用水需求,同時(shí)必須拉大不同階梯的水價(jià)差距,尤其是第三階梯水價(jià)與第一、二階梯水價(jià)的差距,以激勵(lì)高收入家庭節(jié)約用水。(3)本文所測(cè)算的階梯水價(jià)方案在節(jié)水效果方面是有效的,但未能促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平,主要表現(xiàn)在：第一,實(shí)施階梯水價(jià)后,居民年人均節(jié)水量為6.4噸,節(jié)水效果明顯；第二,階梯水價(jià)政策雖然能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)了不同用水戶間的絕對(duì)公平,但卻未能促進(jìn)不同收入用水戶之間的相對(duì)公平。而為了實(shí)現(xiàn)促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平的目標(biāo),蘭州市在推行居民階梯水價(jià)時(shí),需要建立如低收入家庭用水補(bǔ)貼制度等公平保障機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in Lanzhou has become increasingly prominent, has become one of the 110 serious water shortage cities in China, and the proportion of the total water consumption of residents in the total water consumption of the city is also increasing. Water price is one of the main means to adjust the water demand of residents, and the step water price reform has become the hard requirement of the central government. Therefore, how to formulate effective ladder water price policy in order to achieve the goal of saving water, compensating cost and promoting fairness has become an important subject that Lanzhou needs to face. On the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign water price research literature, this paper systematically combs the related theories of residents' water pricing. Secondly, from the changes of the residents' water demand in Lanzhou. The evolution of water price system and other aspects of the analysis of Lanzhou residents living water status. Thirdly, according to the established ELES model to analyze the different income groups to pay for water price. The method of step parameter estimation is given. The step water price and quantity of water in Lanzhou are calculated. Finally, the effectiveness of step water price is quantitatively analyzed from the point of view of water saving effect and equity. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1). Low water price and single water price model is a big waste of life in Lanzhou. One of the important reasons for the luxury water consumption of high-income water users is the marginal propensity to consume and the expenditure level of water charges. Income elasticity and residents' basic domestic water demand and other angles explain that Lanzhou should fully consider low-income families when adjusting the price of water for residents. Even through water subsidies and other ways to ensure the basic water demand of low-income groups, at the same time, we must widen the water price gap between different ladder, especially the third step water price and the first, second step water price gap. In order to encourage high-income families to save water. 3) the step water price scheme calculated in this paper is effective in water saving effect, but it can not promote social equity. The main performance is: first, after the implementation of stepped water price. The per capita water saving capacity of residents is 6.4 tons per year, and the effect of saving water is obvious. Second, although the ladder water price policy can achieve absolute equity among different water users, it fails to promote the relative equity among different income water users, and in order to achieve the goal of promoting social equity. It is necessary to establish a fair protection mechanism such as the water subsidy system for low-income households when implementing the ladder water price in Lanzhou.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F299.24;F726

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本文編號(hào)：1384733