本文選題：經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型 + 小額信貸��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：小額信貸已經(jīng)有40年的發(fā)展歷史，它作為一種有效的扶貧手段，已經(jīng)逐漸成為發(fā)展中國(guó)家和地區(qū)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展的重要組成部分。大量研究分析證明，在農(nóng)村的貧困人群需要小額信貸，以此增加他們的收入，提高生活水平以及在發(fā)生危機(jī)時(shí)提高自身抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力。想要達(dá)到減少貧困、縮小貧富差距的目標(biāo)，政府除了建立穩(wěn)定的財(cái)政支農(nóng)政策和公共金融的普及之外，更應(yīng)該建立多樣化、市場(chǎng)化的小額信貸組織，從根本上解決農(nóng)民融資難的問(wèn)題。 我國(guó)小額信貸產(chǎn)生于20世紀(jì)80年代，，當(dāng)時(shí)主要是與扶貧相結(jié)合，由非政府組織向貧困人群提供小額貸款。隨著三農(nóng)問(wèn)題的凸顯，小額信貸作為一種有效的扶貧手段，逐漸成為我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展的主要?jiǎng)恿椭袌?jiān)力量�，F(xiàn)階段隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的不斷深化，金融體系的變革與推進(jìn)也隨之而來(lái)，政府對(duì)金融市場(chǎng)的管制逐漸放開(kāi)，利率市場(chǎng)化的進(jìn)程也逐步加快，小額信貸在這個(gè)過(guò)程中既迎來(lái)了發(fā)展的機(jī)遇，同時(shí)也面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，資金來(lái)源、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制、貸款利率、治理結(jié)構(gòu)以及監(jiān)管等問(wèn)題都制約著小額信貸的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，因此針對(duì)這些暴露出的問(wèn)題研究出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策和建議具有緊迫的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文主要通過(guò)分析我國(guó)農(nóng)村小額信貸在經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型中所暴露出的問(wèn)題，結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外小額信貸發(fā)展的成功案例，有針對(duì)性的提出了一些可行性比較強(qiáng)的建議。全文共分為五個(gè)部分進(jìn)行論述： 第1章，導(dǎo)論，主要論述了本文的選題意義和選題背景，國(guó)內(nèi)外研究動(dòng)態(tài)，研究思路和本文的創(chuàng)新之處。在小額信貸的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究動(dòng)態(tài)中，分別從小額信貸的定義、作用和意義以及存在的主要問(wèn)題三個(gè)方面來(lái)分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)小額信貸的研究成果。 第2章，首先對(duì)小額信貸的一些基本概念和特征做一個(gè)概述，然后以孟加拉鄉(xiāng)村銀行（GB）和菲律賓農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展中心(CARD-MRI)為實(shí)例，分析了它們的發(fā)展概況和可以借鑒的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 第3章是對(duì)我國(guó)小額信貸發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀的分析，這一部分首先對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)村小額信貸發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)背景做了介紹，然后指出根據(jù)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的發(fā)展歷程，農(nóng)村小額信貸總共經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)階段的發(fā)展，即非政府組織的“早期項(xiàng)目試驗(yàn)”，扶貧性政策性的小額信貸到現(xiàn)在商業(yè)化的小額信貸。在這三個(gè)階段里，小額信貸組織機(jī)構(gòu)模式也不斷創(chuàng)新進(jìn)化，本章通過(guò)大量的數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)例描述了這些小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，并剖析了“中和農(nóng)信小額信貸項(xiàng)目”以及“海南農(nóng)信社”這兩個(gè)國(guó)內(nèi)小額信貸組織成功的原因，加以借鑒。 第4章主要從小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)組織和管理體制、業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制以及監(jiān)管四個(gè)方面分析了目前我國(guó)農(nóng)村小額信貸所存在的問(wèn)題。 第5章主要針對(duì)上一章分析出的存在的問(wèn)題，筆者提出了五點(diǎn)對(duì)策和建議，即探索小額信貸新模式，拓展資金來(lái)源渠道、建立靈活的利率體系、完善信用環(huán)境和建立健全相關(guān)監(jiān)管法規(guī)。
[Abstract]:Micro - credit has been developed in 40 years . As an effective means of poverty alleviation , it has become an important part of the development of rural finance in developing countries and regions .

With the deepening of our country ' s economic transformation and the gradual acceleration of the reform and advancement of the financial system , the process of the marketization of the interest rate has gradually accelerated .

Based on the analysis of the problems exposed in the economic transformation of rural microfinance in our country and the successful cases of micro credit development at home and abroad , some suggestions are put forward .

Chapter 1 , Introduction , mainly discusses the topic meaning and topic background of this article , the research developments at home and abroad , the research thinking and the innovation of this paper . In the research developments at home and abroad , the research results of micro - credit are analyzed from three aspects : the definition , function and significance of microcredit , and the main problems .

Chapter 2 gives an overview of some basic concepts and characteristics of microcredit , and then analyzes their development and successful experiences with CARD - MRI in Bangladesh Rural Bank ( GB ) and the Philippine Agricultural Rural Development Center ( CARD - MRI ) .

Chapter 3 is an analysis of the present situation of micro credit development in China . This part firstly introduces the economic background of rural microfinance development in our country , then points out that according to the development of our country ' s economic transformation , the rural microfinance has experienced three stages of development , namely , the " early project test " of non - governmental organizations , the pro - poor policy micro - credit to the present commercial micro - credit . In these three stages , the development status of these microfinance institutions is described through a large amount of data and examples .

Chapter 4 analyzes the problems existing in rural microfinance in China mainly from four aspects : the organization and management system of microfinance institutions , business development , risk control and supervision .

Chapter 5 mainly focuses on the problems existing in the previous chapter , and puts forward five countermeasures and suggestions , namely exploring the new mode of microfinance , expanding the channel of funds source , establishing a flexible interest rate system , perfecting the credit environment and establishing and perfecting the relevant regulations .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F832.43;F832.39

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